Leisure towns in Wartime: The impact of the first world war in Blackpool and San Sebastin

Journal of Contemporary History

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 603-618

  Walton, John K ^a  

^a LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040468023     PISSN: 00220094     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002200949603100401     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. J. Walvin, Beside the Seaside (London 1978), 101-3
2. E.W. Gilbert, Brighton, Old Ocean's Bauble (2nd edn, Hassocks 1975), 219, 228-32
3. N. Morgan, 'Perceptions, Patterns and Policies of Tourism: The Development of the Devon Seaside Resorts during the Twentieth Century' (PhD thesis, Exeter University 1992), 158-9, 183
4. D. Cannadine, Lords and Landlords (Leicester 1980)
5. G. Desert, La vie quotidienne sur les plages normandes (Pans 1983), 318
6. J. Bennet-Ruete, 'A Social History of Bad Ems' (PhD thesis, Warwick University 1987);
7. M. Nooren and A. Jansen, Scheveningen rond Kerk en Kurhaus (Weesp 1983), 117-20
8. M. Constandt, Een eeuw vakantie: lOOjaartoerisme in West-Vlaanderen (Tielt 1986), 23
9. J.K. Walton, The Blackpool Landlady: A Social History (Manchester 1978), 168-71, 187-90
10. The agenda of this paper is completely ignored in, for example, A. Marwick, Britain in the Century of Total War (London 1968)
11. J.M. Winter, The Great War and the British People (London 1986)
12. R. Wall (ed.), The Upheaval of War: Family, Work and Welfare in Europe, 1914-1918 (Cambridge 1988)
13. A. Offer, The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation (Oxford 1989). These historians are particularly sympathetic to a social history approach, and are themselves broadly exempt from the strictures in the text
14. J.K. Walton, 'The World's First Working-Class Seaside Resort: Blackpool Revisited, 1840-1974' in Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 88 (1992), 1-30
15. For a full, footnoted treatment of the rise of San Sebastián as Spain's premier seaside resort, see J.K. Walton and J. Smith, 'The First Century of Beach Tourism in Spain: San Sebastian and the "Playas del Norte", from the 1830s to the 1930s' in J. Towner and M. Barke (eds), Tourism in Spain: Critical Perspectives (Wallingford 1996), 35-61. Sources include the local and Madrid press, guidebooks, local censuses and taxation records in the municipal archives, and the records of the provincial entertainment tax in the provincial archives in Tolosa, in series JD IT
16. S. Palmer and B. Turner, The Blackpool Story (Cleveleys 1976), 111; Blackpool Gazette (hereafter B.G.), 7 August 1914
17. B.G., 25 August 1914
18. El Pueblo Vasco, 9 August 1914; La Época, 22 August 1914
19. La Época, 3 and 22 August 1914
20. La Época, 8 August 1914
21. La Época, 2, 8 and 31 August 1914; El Pueblo Vasco, 16 September 1914
22. B. Anabitarte, Gestión del municipio de San Sebastian (1901-1925) (San Sebastián 1971), 210-11
23. El Pueblo Vasco, 28 August 1914, 8 July 1915
24. B.G., 4 August 1914, 3 November 1914
25. Lancashire Record Office PLB 3/2, 25 September 1914, 26 March 1915
26. El Pueblo Vasco, 4, 12, 15 and 26 August 1914, 5 September 1914
27. For example, J.M. Sada and T. Hernández, Historia de los casinos de San Sebastian (San Sebastian 1987), 131
28. El Pueblo Vasco, 14 July 1915; La Vozde Guipúzcoa, 11 August 1916
29. M. Eksteins, Rites of Spring (London, 1990 edn); Archivo General de Guipuźcoa, Tolosa (AGG), JD IT 3579, giving details of takings and seat prices. 35,000 pesetas were taken on the first night alone
30. La Vozde Guipúzcoa, 4, 10, and 17 July 1916. Jenny Smith kindly collected this and other research material
31. AGG, JD IT 3578, 'Hipodromo'
32. El Pueblo Vasco, 13 September 1915
33. Anabitarte, op. cit., 210-11. See also Walton and Smith, op. cit
34. AGG, JD IT, especially 3411-18. Work is in progress on this material
35. LaEpoca, 24 July 1915
36. Blackpool Herald, 1 January 1918
37. Blackpool Times (hereafter B.T.), 3 July 1918, 7 August 1918, 9 November 1918, 31 December 1918
38. See J.M. Winter, The Great War and the British People (London 1985), chap. 7
39. B.T., 31 December 1918
40. F. Luengo Teixidor, Crecimiento económico y cambio social. Guipúzcoa 1917-1923 (Leoia 1990); El Pueblo Vasco, 6 August 1914 and subsequently
41. Souvenir of the 49th annual TUC held at Blackpool, September 1917, 57-66
42. B.T, 3 and 20 July 1918, 3 August 1918
43. La Voz de Guipúzcoa, La Constancia and El Pueblo Vasco, all 16-20 December 1916; Luengo, op. cit., 369
44. J.K. Walton and J. Smith, 'The Rhetoric of Community and the Business of Pleasure: The San Sebastián Waiters' Strike of 1920' in International Review of Social History, 39 (1994), 1-31
45. Walton and Smith, 'The Rhetoric of Community', op. cit.;
46. Walton, 'The World's First Working-Class Seaside Resort', op. cit.; Luengo, op. cit., 368-74