Harold Innis and the empire of speed

Review of International Studies

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 273-289

  Deibert, Ronald J ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0040443130     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210599002739     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. See, for examples, Robert Cox. 'Social Forces, States and World Order: Beyond International Relations Theory', in Robert O. Keohane (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics (New York: 1986); Stephen Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism, and International Relations (Cambridge, 1993); Alexander Wendt, The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory', International Organization, 41 (1987), pp. 335-70; James Keely, 'Toward a Foucauldian Analysis of International Regimes', International Organization, 44 (1990), pp. 83-105; and Richard K. Ashley, 'Political Realism and Human Interests', International Studies Quarterly, 25 (1981), pp. 204-236.
2. See, for examples, Robert Cox. 'Social Forces, States and World Order: Beyond International Relations Theory', in Robert O. Keohane (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics (New York: 1986); Stephen Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism, and International Relations (Cambridge, 1993); Alexander Wendt, The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory', International Organization, 41 (1987), pp. 335-70; James Keely, 'Toward a Foucauldian Analysis of International Regimes', International Organization, 44 (1990), pp. 83-105; and Richard K. Ashley, 'Political Realism and Human Interests', International Studies Quarterly, 25 (1981), pp. 204-236.
3. See, for examples, Robert Cox. 'Social Forces, States and World Order: Beyond International Relations Theory', in Robert O. Keohane (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics (New York: 1986); Stephen Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism, and International Relations (Cambridge, 1993); Alexander Wendt, The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory', International Organization, 41 (1987), pp. 335-70; James Keely, 'Toward a Foucauldian Analysis of International Regimes', International Organization, 44 (1990), pp. 83-105; and Richard K. Ashley, 'Political Realism and Human Interests', International Studies Quarterly, 25 (1981), pp. 204-236.
4. See, for examples, Robert Cox. 'Social Forces, States and World Order: Beyond International Relations Theory', in Robert O. Keohane (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics (New York: 1986); Stephen Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism, and International Relations (Cambridge, 1993); Alexander Wendt, The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory', International Organization, 41 (1987), pp. 335-70; James Keely, 'Toward a Foucauldian Analysis of International Regimes', International Organization, 44 (1990), pp. 83-105; and Richard K. Ashley, 'Political Realism and Human Interests', International Studies Quarterly, 25 (1981), pp. 204-236.
5. See, for examples, Robert Cox. 'Social Forces, States and World Order: Beyond International Relations Theory', in Robert O. Keohane (ed.), Neorealism and its Critics (New York: 1986); Stephen Gill (ed.), Gramsci, Historical Materialism, and International Relations (Cambridge, 1993); Alexander Wendt, The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory', International Organization, 41 (1987), pp. 335-70; James Keely, 'Toward a Foucauldian Analysis of International Regimes', International Organization, 44 (1990), pp. 83-105; and Richard K. Ashley, 'Political Realism and Human Interests', International Studies Quarterly, 25 (1981), pp. 204-236.
6. Harold Innis, Empire and Communications (Oxford, 1950); Harold Innis, The Bias of Communications (Toronto, 1952); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, 1962); Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York, 1964); Eric Havelock, Preface to Plato (Cambridge, 1963); and Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (New York, 1982).
7. Harold Innis, Empire and Communications (Oxford, 1950); Harold Innis, The Bias of Communications (Toronto, 1952); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, 1962); Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York, 1964); Eric Havelock, Preface to Plato (Cambridge, 1963); and Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (New York, 1982).
8. Harold Innis, Empire and Communications (Oxford, 1950); Harold Innis, The Bias of Communications (Toronto, 1952); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, 1962); Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York, 1964); Eric Havelock, Preface to Plato (Cambridge, 1963); and Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (New York, 1982).
9. Harold Innis, Empire and Communications (Oxford, 1950); Harold Innis, The Bias of Communications (Toronto, 1952); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, 1962); Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York, 1964); Eric Havelock, Preface to Plato (Cambridge, 1963); and Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (New York, 1982).
10. Harold Innis, Empire and Communications (Oxford, 1950); Harold Innis, The Bias of Communications (Toronto, 1952); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, 1962); Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York, 1964); Eric Havelock, Preface to Plato (Cambridge, 1963); and Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (New York, 1982).
11. Harold Innis, Empire and Communications (Oxford, 1950); Harold Innis, The Bias of Communications (Toronto, 1952); Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto, 1962); Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (New York, 1964); Eric Havelock, Preface to Plato (Cambridge, 1963); and Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word (New York, 1982).
12. Ronald J. Deibert, Parchment, Printing, and Hypermedia: Communication in World Order Transformation (New York, 1997).
13. For definitions and studies of 'world order,' see Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (London, 1977); and Robert Cox, 'Towards a Post-Hegemonic Conceptualization of World Order', in Ernst Otto-Czempiel and James Rosenau (eds.), Governance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics (Cambridge, 1992).
14. For definitions and studies of 'world order,' see Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (London, 1977); and Robert Cox, 'Towards a Post-Hegemonic Conceptualization of World Order', in Ernst Otto-Czempiel and James Rosenau (eds.), Governance without Government: Order and Change in World Politics (Cambridge, 1992).
15. See John Gerard Ruggie, 'Territoriality and Beyond: problematizing modernity in world politics', International Organization, 47 (1993), pp. 139-74.
16. See Innis, The Bias of Communications, pp. 203-214, among other sections.
17. Charles Tilly, Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons (New York, 1984).
18. Fernand Braudel, On History (Chicago, 1980).
19. Two notable exceptions that prove the rule are Robert Cox and Edward Comor, both of whom are Canadian and published essays on Innis in Canadian journals. See Robert Cox, 'Civilizations: Encounters and Transformations', Studies in Political Economy, 47 (1995), pp. 7-31; and Edward A. Comor, 'Harold Innis's Dialectical Triad,' Journal of Canadian Studies, 29:2 (Summer 1994), pp. 111-127).
20. Two notable exceptions that prove the rule are Robert Cox and Edward Comor, both of whom are Canadian and published essays on Innis in Canadian journals. See Robert Cox, 'Civilizations: Encounters and Transformations', Studies in Political Economy, 47 (1995), pp. 7-31; and Edward A. Comor, 'Harold Innis's Dialectical Triad,' Journal of Canadian Studies, 29:2 (Summer 1994), pp. 111-127).
21. Paul Heyer, Communications and History: Theories of Media, Knowledge, and Civilization (New York, 1988), p. 114.
22. William Christian (ed.), The Idea File of Harold Adam Innis (Toronto, 1980).
23. Marshall McLuhan, 'Introduction', in Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. ix.
24. Harold Innis, The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History (New Haven, 1930); Harold Innis, The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy (New Haven, 1940); Harold Innis, Changing Concepts of Time (Toronto, 1952).
25. Harold Innis, The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History (New Haven, 1930); Harold Innis, The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy (New Haven, 1940); Harold Innis, Changing Concepts of Time (Toronto, 1952).
26. Harold Innis, The Fur Trade in Canada: An Introduction to Canadian Economic History (New Haven, 1930); Harold Innis, The Cod Fisheries: The History of an International Economy (New Haven, 1940); Harold Innis, Changing Concepts of Time (Toronto, 1952).
27. See Heyer, Communications and History. See also Leonard Dudley, 'Space, Time, and Number: Harold A. Innis as Evolutionary Theorist', Canadian Journal of Economics (November 1995), pp. 754-67.
28. See Heyer, Communications and History. See also Leonard Dudley, 'Space, Time, and Number: Harold A. Innis as Evolutionary Theorist', Canadian Journal of Economics (November 1995), pp. 754-67.
29. For dependency theory, see Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, (Berkeley 1979). Although Innis shared the view that Canada's economy was shaped by its dependence on the British Empire and the United States, he did not communicate this view in the language of Marxism, world-systems, or unequal development that characterizes the dependency theorists of Latin America and elsewhere.
30. Harold Innis, Essays in Canadian Economic History (Toronto, 1956), p. 383.
31. See especially Innis, Changing Concepts of Time, pp. 19-20 where Innis remarked that 'The jackals of communication systems are constantly on the alert to destroy every vestige of sentiment toward Great Britain holding it of no advantage if it threatens the omnipotence of American commercialism'. Innis would have been dismayed, to say the least, at recent World Trade Organization rulings on 'split-run' magazines and other deteriorations of the regulatory mechanisms that preserve Canadian culture.
32. Ian Angus and Brian Shoesmith, 'Dependency/Space/Policy: An Introduction to a Dialogue with Harold Innis', Continuum: The Australian Journal of Media and Culture, 7 (1993), p. 5.
33. See Cox, 'Social Forces, States, and World Orders', pp. 239-49; and Charles Taylor, 'Philosophy and its History', in Richard Rorty, J. B. Schneewind and Quentin Skinner (eds.) Philosophy in History: Essays on the historiography of philosophy (Cambridge 1984), pp. 17-30.
34. See Cox, 'Social Forces, States, and World Orders', pp. 239-49; and Charles Taylor, 'Philosophy and its History', in Richard Rorty, J. B. Schneewind and Quentin Skinner (eds.) Philosophy in History: Essays on the historiography of philosophy (Cambridge 1984), pp. 17-30.
35. On 'essentialism', see Daniel Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life (New York, 1995), pp. 35-39; see also Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton, 1979), pp. 361-65.
36. On 'essentialism', see Daniel Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life (New York, 1995), pp. 35-39; see also Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton, 1979), pp. 361-65.
37. Cox, 'Social Forces, States, and World Orders', p. 243.
38. Ibid., p. 212.
39. For discussion, see Emanuel Adler, 'Cognitive Evolution: A Dynamic Approach for the Study of International Relations and their Progress', in Emanuel Adler and Beverly Crawford (eds.), Progress in Postwar International Relations (Columbia, 1993), pp. 43-88; see also Richard K. Ashley, 'Three Modes of Economism', International Studies Quarterly, 27 (1993); and R. B. J. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge, 1993).
40. For discussion, see Emanuel Adler, 'Cognitive Evolution: A Dynamic Approach for the Study of International Relations and their Progress', in Emanuel Adler and Beverly Crawford (eds.), Progress in Postwar International Relations (Columbia, 1993), pp. 43-88; see also Richard K. Ashley, 'Three Modes of Economism', International Studies Quarterly, 27 (1993); and R. B. J. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge, 1993).
41. For discussion, see Emanuel Adler, 'Cognitive Evolution: A Dynamic Approach for the Study of International Relations and their Progress', in Emanuel Adler and Beverly Crawford (eds.), Progress in Postwar International Relations (Columbia, 1993), pp. 43-88; see also Richard K. Ashley, 'Three Modes of Economism', International Studies Quarterly, 27 (1993); and R. B. J. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge, 1993).
42. See Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge, 1981). The quotation is from Jim George, Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re) Introduction to International Relations (Boulder, CO: 1994), p. 4.
43. See Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge, 1981). The quotation is from Jim George, Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re) Introduction to International Relations (Boulder, CO: 1994), p. 4.
44. Erik Ringmar, 'Alexander Wendt: A Social Scientist Struggling with History', in Iver B. Neumann and Ole Waever (eds.), The Future of International Relations (New York, 1997), p. 284.
45. See R. G. Collingwood, The Idea of History (New York, 1956), pp. 14-45.
46. John Dewey, 'The Influence of Darwinism on Philosophy', in James Gouinlock (ed.), The Moral Writings of John Dewey (New York, 1994), p. 26.
47. Ibid., p. 33.
48. Cox, 'Social Forces, States, and World Orders', p. 213.
49. Like Cox, the sense in which I use the word 'historicism' here is exactly in opposition to the sense it was used by Karl Popper in The Poverty of Historicism (Boston, 1957). Popper had in mind what I would call 'essentialist' theories of history, such as those of Plato and Marx.
50. See Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (Cambridge, 1989); see also Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea.
51. See Richard Rorty, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity (Cambridge, 1989); see also Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea.
52. Rorty, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, p. 45.
53. Cox, 'Social Forces, States, and World Orders', p. 244.
54. On 'inverted Platonism', see Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.
55. Rorty, Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity, p. xiii.
56. Innis, Empire and Communications, p. 8.
57. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. 31.
58. Innis, Empire and Communications, p. 166.
59. Cox, 'Civilizations', p. 20.
60. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. 61. Innis believed that the neo-classical paradigm, with its pretensions to universality, was a 'form of exploitation with dangerous consequences'. See Trevor Barnes, Logics of Dislocation: Models, Metaphors, and Meanings of Space (New York: 1996), p. 212. Barnes is also of the view that Innis was fundamentally anti-essentialist.
61. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. 61. Innis believed that the neo-classical paradigm, with its pretensions to universality, was a 'form of exploitation with dangerous consequences'. See Trevor Barnes, Logics of Dislocation: Models, Metaphors, and Meanings of Space (New York: 1996), p. 212. Barnes is also of the view that Innis was fundamentally anti-essentialist.
62. I have found Innis' essays to be similar in this respect to those of the popular writer on evolution, Stephen Gould. See Stephen Jay Gould, Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural History (New York, 1977) and other books that have followed in that series.
63. W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge, 1960).
64. Innis, The Fur Trade in Canada, p. 393. See also Harold Innis, Essays in Canadian Economic History (Toronto, 1956), p. 141 passim.
65. Innis, The Fur Trade in Canada, p. 393. See also Harold Innis, Essays in Canadian Economic History (Toronto, 1956), p. 141 passim.
66. Innis, The Bias of Communication, p. 41.
67. Innis, Empire and Communications, pp. 117-119. Innis used the term 'cyclonic' to refer to the process whereby several contingent variables come together in a kind of symbiosis to generate large-scale social changes of the sort noted above. For discussion, see Barnes, Logics of Dislocation, p. 219. The meteorological metaphor is, in my mind, another indication of Innis' appreciation of contingency.
68. Innis, Empire and Communications, pp. 117-119. Innis used the term 'cyclonic' to refer to the process whereby several contingent variables come together in a kind of symbiosis to generate large-scale social changes of the sort noted above. For discussion, see Barnes, Logics of Dislocation, p. 219. The meteorological metaphor is, in my mind, another indication of Innis' appreciation of contingency.
69. Robert D'Amico, Historicism and Knowledge (New York, 1989), p. x.
70. The metaphorical use of 'horizons' to refer to constraints on knowledge is associated with the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche. On Nietzsche's horizonism, see George Grant, Time as History (Toronto, 1969). As Nietzsche remarks in the preface to The Genealogy of Morals, 'The sad truth is that we remain necessarily strangers to ourselves, we don't understand our own substance, we must mistake ourselves'. In Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy and The Genealogy of Morals (New York, 1956), p. 149 . Although there are some scattered allusions to Nietzsche in Innis' work, his historicism is probably more attributable to the influence of Veblen and the Institutionalist school of thought, which, along with the American Pragmatic school of John Dewey and William James, was a strong presence during Innis' graduate training at the University of Chicago. For a similar view, see Barnes, Logics of Dislocation.
71. The metaphorical use of 'horizons' to refer to constraints on knowledge is associated with the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche. On Nietzsche's horizonism, see George Grant, Time as History (Toronto, 1969). As Nietzsche remarks in the preface to The Genealogy of Morals, 'The sad truth is that we remain necessarily strangers to ourselves, we don't understand our own substance, we must mistake ourselves'. In Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy and The Genealogy of Morals (New York, 1956), p. 149 . Although there are some scattered allusions to Nietzsche in Innis' work, his historicism is probably more attributable to the influence of Veblen and the Institutionalist school of thought, which, along with the American Pragmatic school of John Dewey and William James, was a strong presence during Innis' graduate training at the University of Chicago. For a similar view, see Barnes, Logics of Dislocation.
72. The metaphorical use of 'horizons' to refer to constraints on knowledge is associated with the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche. On Nietzsche's horizonism, see George Grant, Time as History (Toronto, 1969). As Nietzsche remarks in the preface to The Genealogy of Morals, 'The sad truth is that we remain necessarily strangers to ourselves, we don't understand our own substance, we must mistake ourselves'. In Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy and The Genealogy of Morals (New York, 1956), p. 149. Although there are some scattered allusions to Nietzsche in Innis' work, his historicism is probably more attributable to the influence of Veblen and the Institutionalist school of thought, which, along with the American Pragmatic school of John Dewey and William James, was a strong presence during Innis' graduate training at the University of Chicago. For a similar view, see Barnes, Logics of Dislocation.
73. Innis, The Bias of Communications, pp. 33-34.
74. On social constructivism in the social sciences, see especially Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality (New York, 1967).
75. See especially Alexander Wendt, 'Anarchy is What States Make of It', International Organization, 46 (1992), pp. 391-425; and Thomas J. Biersteker and Cynthia Weber (eds.), State Sovereignty as Social Construct (Cambridge, 1996).
76. See especially Alexander Wendt, 'Anarchy is What States Make of It', International Organization, 46 (1992), pp. 391-425; and Thomas J. Biersteker and Cynthia Weber (eds.), State Sovereignty as Social Construct (Cambridge, 1996).
77. Daniel Deudney, 'Binding Sovereigns: Authorities, Structures, and Geopolitics in Philadelphian Systems', in Biersteker and Weber (eds.), State Sovereignty as Social Construct, p. 193. See also, Daniel Deudney, 'Bringing Nature Back In: Geopolitical Theory from the Greeks to the Greenhouse', (Paper delivered to the American Political Science Association annual meeting, September 1993, Washington DC).
78. Daniel Deudney, 'Binding Sovereigns: Authorities, Structures, and Geopolitics in Philadelphian Systems', in Biersteker and Weber (eds.), State Sovereignty as Social Construct, p. 193. See also, Daniel Deudney, 'Bringing Nature Back In: Geopolitical Theory from the Greeks to the Greenhouse', (Paper delivered to the American Political Science Association annual meeting, September 1993, Washington DC).
79. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (New York, 1979).
80. See Deudney, 'Bringing Nature Back In', for an informative overview of sophisticated materialist theories of world politics.
81. On 'non-reductive physicalism', see Richard Rorty, Objectivism, Relativism, and Truth (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 113-125. On 'ecological holism', see Deibert, Parchment, Printing, and Hypermedia, ch. 1.
82. On 'non-reductive physicalism', see Richard Rorty, Objectivism, Relativism, and Truth (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 113-125. On 'ecological holism', see Deibert, Parchment, Printing, and Hypermedia, ch. 1.
83. For an overview, see Deudney, 'Bringing Nature Back In'.
84. Innis, Political Economy of the Modern State, p. 87.
85. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. 48.
86. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. 6.
87. Innis, Empire and Communications, p. 98.
88. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. xvii.
89. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. 62.
90. Ibid., p. 65.
91. Ibid., p. 66.
92. Ibid., p. 72; for Mumford's discussion, see Lewis Mumford, Technics and Civilization (New York, 1934).
93. Ibid., p. 72; for Mumford's discussion, see Lewis Mumford, Technics and Civilization (New York, 1934).
94. Ibid., pp. 128-129. Compare with Ruggie, 'Territoriality,' pp. 158-159.
95. Ibid., pp. 128-129. Compare with Ruggie, 'Territoriality,' pp. 158-159.
96. See Innis, Empire and Communications, p. 5.
97. Ibid.
98. See, for example, Dudley, 'Space, Time, and Number' for such an extrapolation.
99. Certainly a glance at Innis' discussion of the relationship between clay, writing, and Sumerian culture on pp. 29-30 of Empire and Communications would bear out the subtlety of Innis' interpretation and rule out any attribution of determinism or reductionism to Innis.
100. Innis, The Bias of Communications, p. 76.
101. In his description of the spatial biases of the modern state, Innis' analysis evokes the more recent conceptualization of, for example, Rob Walker. See Walker, Inside/Outside, ch. six.
102. Ibid., pp. 61-91.
103. See, in particular, James Der Derian, Anti-Diplomacy: Spies, Terror, Speed, and War (Cambridge, 1992) and Paul Virilio, The Art of the Motor [translated by Julie Rose], (Minneapolis, 1995).
104. See, in particular, James Der Derian, Anti-Diplomacy: Spies, Terror, Speed, and War (Cambridge, 1992) and Paul Virilio, The Art of the Motor [translated by Julie Rose], (Minneapolis, 1995).
105. Harold Innis, 'The Newspaper in Economic Development', in Harold Innis (ed.) Political Economy in the Modern State (Toronto, 1946), p. 32.
106. Lewis Mumford, The Pentagon of Power: The Myth of the Machine, vol. 2 (New York, 1970), p. 148, plate 4.
107. Timothy Luke, 'Sovereignty, States, and Security: New World Order or Neo-World Orders?' (Working Paper 95-1, Adlai Stevenson Program on Global Security, University of California, Santa Cruz), p. 19.
108. Der Derian, Anti-Diplomacy, pp. 129-30.
109. See David Mussington, 'Throwing the Switch in Cyberspace', Jane's Intelligence Review (July 1996), pp. 331-4.
110. Karl Deutsch, The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Control (New York, 1966).
111. Ibid., p. 34.
112. Ruggie, 'Territoriality', pp. 169-70. The original quotation is from Quentin Skinner, The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences (New York, 1985), p. 12.
113. Ruggie, 'Territoriality', pp. 169-70. The original quotation is from Quentin Skinner, The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences (New York, 1985), p. 12.
114. Deudney, 'Bringing Nature Back In', p. 11.