The ethical foundations of liberal internationalism

International Journal

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 462-481

  Franceschet, Antonio ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040370729     PISSN: 00207020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/002070209905400308     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. On optimism about the renewal of liberal internationalism, see Richard N. Gardner, 'The comeback of liberal internationalism,' Washington Quarterly 13(summer 1990), 23-39; and Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Avon 1992). Within international relations a similarly optimistic view can be found in Charles W. Kegley, Jr, 'The neoliberal challenge to realist theories of world politics: an introduction,' in Kegley, ed, Controversies in International Politics: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge (New York: St. Martin's 1995). For a useful discussion of liberal international theory, see Richard A. Matthew and Mark W. Zacher, 'Liberal international theory: common threads, divergent strands,' in ibid, 107-50.
2. On optimism about the renewal of liberal internationalism, see Richard N. Gardner, 'The comeback of liberal internationalism,' Washington Quarterly 13(summer 1990), 23-39; and Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Avon 1992). Within international relations a similarly optimistic view can be found in Charles W. Kegley, Jr, 'The neoliberal challenge to realist theories of world politics: an introduction,' in Kegley, ed, Controversies in International Politics: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge (New York: St. Martin's 1995). For a useful discussion of liberal international theory, see Richard A. Matthew and Mark W. Zacher, 'Liberal international theory: common threads, divergent strands,' in ibid, 107-50.
3. On optimism about the renewal of liberal internationalism, see Richard N. Gardner, 'The comeback of liberal internationalism,' Washington Quarterly 13(summer 1990), 23-39; and Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Avon 1992). Within international relations a similarly optimistic view can be found in Charles W. Kegley, Jr, 'The neoliberal challenge to realist theories of world politics: an introduction,' in Kegley, ed, Controversies in International Politics: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge (New York: St. Martin's 1995). For a useful discussion of liberal international theory, see Richard A. Matthew and Mark W. Zacher, 'Liberal international theory: common threads, divergent strands,' in ibid, 107-50.
4. On optimism about the renewal of liberal internationalism, see Richard N. Gardner, 'The comeback of liberal internationalism,' Washington Quarterly 13(summer 1990), 23-39; and Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (New York: Avon 1992). Within international relations a similarly optimistic view can be found in Charles W. Kegley, Jr, 'The neoliberal challenge to realist theories of world politics: an introduction,' in Kegley, ed, Controversies in International Politics: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge (New York: St. Martin's 1995). For a useful discussion of liberal international theory, see Richard A. Matthew and Mark W. Zacher, 'Liberal international theory: common threads, divergent strands,' in ibid, 107-50.
5. William Pfaff, 'Is liberal internationalism dead?' World Policy Journal 10(autumn 1993). 5-15. See also John Mearsheimer, 'Back to the future: instability in Europe after the cold war,' International Security 15(summer 1990), 5-56.
6. William Pfaff, 'Is liberal internationalism dead?' World Policy Journal 10(autumn 1993). 5-15. See also John Mearsheimer, 'Back to the future: instability in Europe after the cold war,' International Security 15(summer 1990), 5-56.
7. Stanley Hoffmann, 'The crisis of liberal internationalism,' Foreign Policy 98(summer 1995), 167. See also Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1969), 118-53.
8. Stanley Hoffmann, 'The crisis of liberal internationalism,' Foreign Policy 98(summer 1995), 167. See also Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1969), 118-53.
9. Craig N. Murphy, International Organization and Industrial Change: Global Governance Since 1850 (New York: Oxford University Press 1994), 13-22.
10. E.H. Carr, The Twenty Years' Crisis (Edinburgh: R & R Clark 1942), 54-80.
11. See, for example, the contributions to David Long and Peter Wilson, eds, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis: Inter-War Idealism Reassessed (Oxford: Clarendon 1995).
12. Michael W. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace: Realism, Liberalism, and Socialism (New York: W.W. Norton 1997), 206.
13. See John Gray, Liberalism (2nd ed; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1995), 56-8; James Meadowcroft, 'Introduction,' in Meadowcroft, ed, The Liberal Political Tradition: Contemporary Reappraisals (Cheltenham & Brookfield: Edward Elgar 1996), 4.
14. See John Gray, Liberalism (2nd ed; Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1995), 56-8; James Meadowcroft, 'Introduction,' in Meadowcroft, ed, The Liberal Political Tradition: Contemporary Reappraisals (Cheltenham & Brookfield: Edward Elgar 1996), 4.
15. See Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty; and some of the contributions to Zbigniew Pelczynski and John Gray, eds, Conceptions of Liberty in Political Philosophy (London: Althone 1984).
16. See Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty; and some of the contributions to Zbigniew Pelczynski and John Gray, eds, Conceptions of Liberty in Political Philosophy (London: Althone 1984).
17. See, for example, Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, 207; Doyle, 'Kant, liberal legacies and foreign affairs,' in Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven A. Miller, eds, Debating the Democratic Peace (Cambridge MA: MIT Press 1996), 3-53; and Robert O. Keohane, 'International liberalism reconsidered,' in John Dunn, ed, The Economic Limits to Modern Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990), 165-94.
18. See, for example, Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, 207; Doyle, 'Kant, liberal legacies and foreign affairs,' in Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven A. Miller, eds, Debating the Democratic Peace (Cambridge MA: MIT Press 1996), 3-53; and Robert O. Keohane, 'International liberalism reconsidered,' in John Dunn, ed, The Economic Limits to Modern Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990), 165-94.
19. See, for example, Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, 207; Doyle, 'Kant, liberal legacies and foreign affairs,' in Michael E. Brown, Sean M. Lynn-Jones, and Steven A. Miller, eds, Debating the Democratic Peace (Cambridge MA: MIT Press 1996), 3-53; and Robert O. Keohane, 'International liberalism reconsidered,' in John Dunn, ed, The Economic Limits to Modern Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990), 165-94.
20. Immanuel Kant, for example, did not view harmony as the nature of international politics. See Kenneth N. Waltz, 'Kant, liberalism and war,'American Political Science Review 56(June 1962), 331; Pierre Laberge, 'Kant on justice and the law of nations,' in David R. Mapel and Terry Nardin, eds, International Society: Diverse Ethical Perspectives (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1998), 83. According to Peter Wilson, even Norman Angell, one of Carr's most direct targets, was more complicated: 'though he did believe in a harmony of interest and free trade ... this was a long-term not a short-term interest. Carr's critique of the doctrine of a harmony of interests was based on a short-term analysis of the interests of the "status quo" powers vis-à-vis the "revisionist" powers,' 'Introduction,' Long and Wilson, eds, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis, 9.
21. Immanuel Kant, for example, did not view harmony as the nature of international politics. See Kenneth N. Waltz, 'Kant, liberalism and war,'American Political Science Review 56(June 1962), 331; Pierre Laberge, 'Kant on justice and the law of nations,' in David R. Mapel and Terry Nardin, eds, International Society: Diverse Ethical Perspectives (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1998), 83. According to Peter Wilson, even Norman Angell, one of Carr's most direct targets, was more complicated: 'though he did believe in a harmony of interest and free trade ... this was a long-term not a short-term interest. Carr's critique of the doctrine of a harmony of interests was based on a short-term analysis of the interests of the "status quo" powers vis-à-vis the "revisionist" powers,' 'Introduction,' Long and Wilson, eds, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis, 9.
22. Immanuel Kant, for example, did not view harmony as the nature of international politics. See Kenneth N. Waltz, 'Kant, liberalism and war,'American Political Science Review 56(June 1962), 331; Pierre Laberge, 'Kant on justice and the law of nations,' in David R. Mapel and Terry Nardin, eds, International Society: Diverse Ethical Perspectives (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1998), 83. According to Peter Wilson, even Norman Angell, one of Carr's most direct targets, was more complicated: 'though he did believe in a harmony of interest and free trade ... this was a long-term not a short-term interest. Carr's critique of the doctrine of a harmony of interests was based on a short-term analysis of the interests of the "status quo" powers vis-à-vis the "revisionist" powers,' 'Introduction,' Long and Wilson, eds, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis, 9.
23. Richard K. Ashley, 'Untying the sovereign state: a double reading of the anarchy problematique,' Millennium: Journal of International Studies 17(summer 1988), 238-40. This paragraph draws on Antonio Franceschet, 'Sovereignty and freedom: Immanuel Kant's liberal internationalist "legacy,"' Review of International Studies (forthcoming).
24. Richard K. Ashley, 'Untying the sovereign state: a double reading of the anarchy problematique,' Millennium: Journal of International Studies 17(summer 1988), 238-40. This paragraph draws on Antonio Franceschet, 'Sovereignty and freedom: Immanuel Kant's liberal internationalist "legacy,"' Review of International Studies (forthcoming).
25. See Hoffmann, 'Crisis of liberal internationalism,' 161.
26. Hidemi Suganami, The Domestic Analogy in World Order Proposals (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1989), 6.
27. See Kjell Goldmann, The Logic of Internationalism: Coercion and Accommodation (London & New York: Routledge 1994), 1. On the distinction between internal and external sovereignty, see F.H. Hinsley, Sovereignty (2nd ed; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1986), 158.
28. See Kjell Goldmann, The Logic of Internationalism: Coercion and Accommodation (London & New York: Routledge 1994), 1. On the distinction between internal and external sovereignty, see F.H. Hinsley, Sovereignty (2nd ed; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1986), 158.
29. James L. Richardson, 'Contending liberalisms: past and present,' European Journal of International Relations 3(1997), 14.
30. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace; Long, 'Conclusion: inter-war idealism, liberal internationalism, and contemporary international theory,' in Long and Wilson, eds, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis; and Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism: The International Theory of J.A. Hobson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996).
31. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace; Long, 'Conclusion: inter-war idealism, liberal internationalism, and contemporary international theory,' in Long and Wilson, eds, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis; and Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism: The International Theory of J.A. Hobson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996).
32. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace; Long, 'Conclusion: inter-war idealism, liberal internationalism, and contemporary international theory,' in Long and Wilson, eds, Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis; and Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism: The International Theory of J.A. Hobson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1996).
33. For reasons that will become evident, Doyle claims that only one variety of liberal thought, Kantian, is 'internationalist.'
34. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, 27-9.
35. Kenneth N. Waltz, Man, the State, and War: a Theoretical Analysis (New York: Columbia University Press 1959).
36. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, 30-3.
37. Ibid, 213ff.
38. Ibid, 226.
39. Ibid, 230.
40. Ibid, 233-4, 249-50.
41. This is especially the case with Schumpeter, ibid, 250.
42. Ibid, 251-306. See also Wade L. Huntley, 'Kant's third image: systemic sources of the liberal peace,' International Studies Quarterly 40(March 1996), 45-76.
43. Ibid, 251-306. See also Wade L. Huntley, 'Kant's third image: systemic sources of the liberal peace,' International Studies Quarterly 40(March 1996), 45-76.
44. See, for example, Immanuel Kant, 'Perpetual peace: a philosophical sketch,' in Hans Reiss, ed, Kant: Political Writings, trans. H.B. Nisbet (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991), 113.
45. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, 254.
46. David Long, 'The Harvard School of liberal international theory: a case for closure,' Millennium: Journal of International Studies 24(winter 1995), 502.
47. Michael Freeden, New Liberalism: an Ideology of Social Reform (Oxford: Clarendon 1978).
48. Long, 'The Harvard School,' 491.
49. Long, 'Conclusion: inter-war idealism,' 312-4; Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism, 183-4.
50. Long, 'Conclusion: inter-war idealism,' 312-4; Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism, 183-4.
51. Long, 'Conclusion: inter-war idealism,' 313.
52. Long, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism, 185.
53. This paragraph draws on Franceschet, 'Sovereignty and freedom.'
54. See Doyle, 'Kant, liberal legacies and foreign affairs,' 5-6.
55. See John Locke, Second Treatise of Government (Indianapolis: Hackett 1980), chap XIX.
56. See Kant, 'Perpetual peace,' 104-5 and 129.
57. Hoffmann, 'The crisis of liberal internationalism,' 164.
58. Doyle, 'Kant, liberal legacies and foreign affairs,' 10.
59. Kant, 'Perpetual peace,' 103, 117.
60. Laberge, 'Kant on justice and the law of nations,' 98.
61. Kant, 'Perpetual peace,' 108-9.
62. Ibid, 112-3.
63. David Long, 'Conclusion: inter-war idealism,' 315, 313.
64. Charles Pentland, Integration Theory and European Integration (London: Faber and Faber 1973), 81.
65. Jens Bartelson, 'The trial of judgement: a note on Kant and the paradoxes of internationalism,' International Studies Quarterly 39(June 1995), 260-2; Long, 'The Harvard School of international theory,' 505.
66. Jens Bartelson, 'The trial of judgement: a note on Kant and the paradoxes of internationalism,' International Studies Quarterly 39(June 1995), 260-2; Long, 'The Harvard School of international theory,' 505.
67. John A. Hall, Liberalism: Politics, Ideology and the Market (London: Paladin Grafton 1988), 49ff.
68. Michael J. Smith, 'Liberalism and international reform,' in Terry Nardin and David R. Mapel, eds, Traditions of International Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1992), 211, 216.
69. See, for example, Goldmann, The Logic of Internationalism, x-xiii.
70. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace, 17-18.
71. Andrew Moravcsik, 'Taking preferences seriously: a liberal theory of international politics,' International Organization 51(autumn 1997), 513-53.
72. Ibid, 513-4.
73. See, for example, Long, 'The Harvard School of international theory,' 504; Richardson, 'Contending liberalisms,' 18-28; John MacMillan, 'A Kantian protest against the peculiar discourse of inter-liberal state peace,' Millennium 24(winter 1995), 549-62; and John MacMillan, '"The power of the pen": liberalism's ethical dynamic and world politics,' Millennium, 27(winter 1998), 643-67.
74. See, for example, Long, 'The Harvard School of international theory,' 504; Richardson, 'Contending liberalisms,' 18-28; John MacMillan, 'A Kantian protest against the peculiar discourse of inter-liberal state peace,' Millennium 24(winter 1995), 549-62; and John MacMillan, '"The power of the pen": liberalism's ethical dynamic and world politics,' Millennium, 27(winter 1998), 643-67.
75. See, for example, Long, 'The Harvard School of international theory,' 504; Richardson, 'Contending liberalisms,' 18-28; John MacMillan, 'A Kantian protest against the peculiar discourse of inter-liberal state peace,' Millennium 24(winter 1995), 549-62; and John MacMillan, '"The power of the pen": liberalism's ethical dynamic and world politics,' Millennium, 27(winter 1998), 643-67.
76. See, for example, Long, 'The Harvard School of international theory,' 504; Richardson, 'Contending liberalisms,' 18-28; John MacMillan, 'A Kantian protest against the peculiar discourse of inter-liberal state peace,' Millennium 24(winter 1995), 549-62; and John MacMillan, '"The power of the pen": liberalism's ethical dynamic and world politics,' Millennium, 27(winter 1998), 643-67.
77. Andrew Linklater, 'The question of the next stage in international relations: a critical-theoretical point of view,' Millennium 21(spring 1992), 98.
78. See David Held, Models of Democracy (Stanford: Stanford University Press 1987), 267-99; and Carole Pateman, The Sexual Contract (Stanford: Stanford University Press 1989).
79. See David Held, Models of Democracy (Stanford: Stanford University Press 1987), 267-99; and Carole Pateman, The Sexual Contract (Stanford: Stanford University Press 1989).