Central Asia's International Relations in the Asian Context

Issues and Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 96-124

  Blank, Stephen ^a  

^a U S ARMY WAR COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Central Asia; India; Pakistan; PRC; Russia

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040317564     PISSN: 10132511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (265)

1. Beverly Crawford, "The New Security Dilemma Under International Economic Interdependence," Millennium: Journal of International Studies 23, no. 1 (1994): 48-50.
2. Stephen Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia (Carlisle Barracks, Penn.: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1995), 26-30.
3. Ibid., 28-30.
4. See Steve LeVine, "Moscow Pressures Its Neighbors to Share Oil, Gas Revenues," Washington Post, March 18, 1994, A24, for an early description of this proprietary attitude and local observers' use of the term "blackmail" to describe Russian policy.
5. Ibid.; The Monitor, October 26, 1995; Lev Klepatsky and Valery Pospelov, "Maneuvering Round the Caspian Sea," International Affairs, November-December 1995, no. 11-12:61.
6. Ibid.; The Monitor, October 26, 1995; Lev Klepatsky and Valery Pospelov, "Maneuvering Round the Caspian Sea," International Affairs, November-December 1995, no. 11-12:61.
7. Ibid.; The Monitor, October 26, 1995; Lev Klepatsky and Valery Pospelov, "Maneuvering Round the Caspian Sea," International Affairs, November-December 1995, no. 11-12:61.
8. Rossiyskaya gazeta (Russian News) (Moscow), October 14, 1995, trans. in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), Daily Report: Central Eurasia [henceforth cited as FBIS-SOV], 95-200 (October 17, 1995): 66-67.
9. Rossiyskaya gazeta (Russian News) (Moscow), October 14, 1995, trans. in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), Daily Report: Central Eurasia [henceforth cited as FBIS-SOV], 95-200 (October 17, 1995): 66-67.
10. Rossiyskaya gazeta (Russian News) (Moscow), October 14, 1995, trans. in Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), Daily Report: Central Eurasia [henceforth cited as FBIS-SOV], 95-200 (October 17, 1995): 66-67.
11. FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, August 10, 1994, 13-15; "Central Asia Is Drawing Closer to Japan Than Russia," Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press [henceforth cited as CDPP] 47, no. 35 (September 27, 1995): 35.
12. FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, August 10, 1994, 13-15; "Central Asia Is Drawing Closer to Japan Than Russia," Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press [henceforth cited as CDPP] 47, no. 35 (September 27, 1995): 35.
13. FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, August 10, 1994, 13-15; "Central Asia Is Drawing Closer to Japan Than Russia," Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press [henceforth cited as CDPP] 47, no. 35 (September 27, 1995): 35.
14. "If We Clash It'll Be on the Caspian," CDPP 47, no. 21 (June 21, 1995): 21; Steven Erlanger, "Russia Wants No Return of Cold War, Christopher Is Told," New York Times, February 11, 1996, 14.
15. "If We Clash It'll Be on the Caspian," CDPP 47, no. 21 (June 21, 1995): 21; Steven Erlanger, "Russia Wants No Return of Cold War, Christopher Is Told," New York Times, February 11, 1996, 14.
16. Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-188 (September 28, 1995): 19-22.
17. Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-188 (September 28, 1995): 19-22.
18. Interfax (Moscow), October 3, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-192 (October 4, 1995): 16.
19. Interfax (Moscow), October 3, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-192 (October 4, 1995): 16.
20. FBIS-SOV-95-188 (September 28, 1995): 19.
21. Ibid.
22. "Yeltsin Okays Foreign Policy Concept," CDPP 45, no. 17 (May 26, 1993): 14.
23. FBIS-SOV-95-188 (September 28, 1995): 19.
24. Ibid., 20.
25. Ibid.
26. Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia, 8-10.
27. Fiona Hill and Pamela Jewett, Back in the USSR: Russia's Intervention in the Internal Affairs of the Former Soviet Republics and the Implications for United States Policy Toward Russia (Cambridge, Mass.: Strengthening Democratic Institutions Project, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1994), 36.
28. Ibid., 30; and Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia, 9-10.
29. Ibid., 30; and Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia, 9-10.
30. Ibid.; and Lynda Maillet, "New States Initiate New Currencies," Transition 1, no. 9 (June 9, 1995): 44-49, 56.
31. Ibid.; and Lynda Maillet, "New States Initiate New Currencies," Transition 1, no. 9 (June 9, 1995): 44-49, 56.
32. Hill and Jewett, Back in the USSR, 34-36.
33. Russian Television Network (Moscow), July 15, 1992, trans. in FBIS-SOV-92-137 (July 16, 1992): 21. See also note 9 above and John Lloyd, "Slav States Pledge Economic Union," Financial Times, July 12, 1993, 2.
34. Russian Television Network (Moscow), July 15, 1992, trans. in FBIS-SOV-92-137 (July 16, 1992): 21. See also note 9 above and John Lloyd, "Slav States Pledge Economic Union," Financial Times, July 12, 1993, 2.
35. Russian Television Network (Moscow), July 15, 1992, trans. in FBIS-SOV-92-137 (July 16, 1992): 21. See also note 9 above and John Lloyd, "Slav States Pledge Economic Union," Financial Times, July 12, 1993, 2.
36. Vitaly Naumkin, "Russia and the States of Central Asia," in Damage Limitation or Crisis: Russia and the Outside World, ed. Robert D. Blackwill and Sergei A. Karaganov, CSIA Studies in International Security, no. 5 (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1994), 199; Rossiyskaya gazeta, October 7, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-196 (October 11, 1995): 20; The Monitor, October 11, 1995.
37. Vitaly Naumkin, "Russia and the States of Central Asia," in Damage Limitation or Crisis: Russia and the Outside World, ed. Robert D. Blackwill and Sergei A. Karaganov, CSIA Studies in International Security, no. 5 (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1994), 199; Rossiyskaya gazeta, October 7, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-196 (October 11, 1995): 20; The Monitor, October 11, 1995.
38. Vitaly Naumkin, "Russia and the States of Central Asia," in Damage Limitation or Crisis: Russia and the Outside World, ed. Robert D. Blackwill and Sergei A. Karaganov, CSIA Studies in International Security, no. 5 (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1994), 199; Rossiyskaya gazeta, October 7, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-196 (October 11, 1995): 20; The Monitor, October 11, 1995.
39. Vitaly Naumkin, "Russia and the States of Central Asia," in Damage Limitation or Crisis: Russia and the Outside World, ed. Robert D. Blackwill and Sergei A. Karaganov, CSIA Studies in International Security, no. 5 (Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1994), 199; Rossiyskaya gazeta, October 7, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-196 (October 11, 1995): 20; The Monitor, October 11, 1995.
40. Novaya yezhedevnaya gazeta (New Daily News) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 1; Trud (Labor) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-135 (July 14, 1994): 10.
41. Novaya yezhedevnaya gazeta (New Daily News) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 1; Trud (Labor) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-135 (July 14, 1994): 10.
42. Novaya yezhedevnaya gazeta (New Daily News) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 1; Trud (Labor) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-135 (July 14, 1994): 10.
43. Novaya yezhedevnaya gazeta (New Daily News) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 1; Trud (Labor) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-135 (July 14, 1994): 10.
44. Ibid.
45. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty [RFE/RL], E-Mail Bulletin, December 13, 1994.
46. Kazakhstanskaya pravda (Kazakhstan Truth) (Alma-Ata), January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-017 (January 26, 1995): 67-68; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, in English, July 8, 1994, in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 10.
47. Kazakhstanskaya pravda (Kazakhstan Truth) (Alma-Ata), January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-017 (January 26, 1995): 67-68; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, in English, July 8, 1994, in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 10.
48. Kazakhstanskaya pravda (Kazakhstan Truth) (Alma-Ata), January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-017 (January 26, 1995): 67-68; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, in English, July 8, 1994, in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 10.
49. Kazakhstanskaya pravda (Kazakhstan Truth) (Alma-Ata), January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-017 (January 26, 1995): 67-68; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, in English, July 8, 1994, in FBIS-SOV-94-131 (July 8, 1994): 10.
50. Kommersant (Merchant Daily) (Moscow), July 29, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-147 (August 1, 1994): 1; Rossiyskie vesti (Russian News) (Moscow), August 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-159 (August 17, 1994): 12-13; Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-181 (September 27, 1994): 1-4.
51. Kommersant (Merchant Daily) (Moscow), July 29, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-147 (August 1, 1994): 1; Rossiyskie vesti (Russian News) (Moscow), August 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-159 (August 17, 1994): 12-13; Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-181 (September 27, 1994): 1-4.
52. Kommersant (Merchant Daily) (Moscow), July 29, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-147 (August 1, 1994): 1; Rossiyskie vesti (Russian News) (Moscow), August 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-159 (August 17, 1994): 12-13; Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-181 (September 27, 1994): 1-4.
53. Kommersant (Merchant Daily) (Moscow), July 29, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-147 (August 1, 1994): 1; Rossiyskie vesti (Russian News) (Moscow), August 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-159 (August 17, 1994): 12-13; Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-181 (September 27, 1994): 1-4.
54. Kommersant (Merchant Daily) (Moscow), July 29, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-147 (August 1, 1994): 1; Rossiyskie vesti (Russian News) (Moscow), August 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-159 (August 17, 1994): 12-13; Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-181 (September 27, 1994): 1-4.
55. Kommersant (Merchant Daily) (Moscow), July 29, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-147 (August 1, 1994): 1; Rossiyskie vesti (Russian News) (Moscow), August 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-159 (August 17, 1994): 12-13; Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-181 (September 27, 1994): 1-4.
56. Segodnya (Today) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-129 (July 6, 1994): 5.
57. Segodnya (Today) (Moscow), July 6, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-129 (July 6, 1994): 5.
58. Klepatsky and Pospelov, "Maneuvering Round the Caspian Sea," 59-65; The Monitor, October 26, 1995; and on Iran's position, see Edmund Herzig, Iran and the Former Soviet South (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995), 40-42.
59. Klepatsky and Pospelov, "Maneuvering Round the Caspian Sea," 59-65; The Monitor, October 26, 1995; and on Iran's position, see Edmund Herzig, Iran and the Former Soviet South (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995), 40-42.
60. LeVine, "Moscow Pressures Its Neighbors," A24.
61. Ibid., and J. Robinson West, "Pipelines to Power," Washington Post, June 8, 1994, A23.
62. Ibid., and J. Robinson West, "Pipelines to Power," Washington Post, June 8, 1994, A23.
63. Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia, 12-14.
64. Ibid.
65. Trud, November 18, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-224 (November 21, 1994): 57-58; Obshchaya gazeta (General News) (Moscow), December 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-005-S (January 9, 1995): 63-65.
66. Trud, November 18, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-224 (November 21, 1994): 57-58; Obshchaya gazeta (General News) (Moscow), December 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-005-S (January 9, 1995): 63-65.
67. Trud, November 18, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-224 (November 21, 1994): 57-58; Obshchaya gazeta (General News) (Moscow), December 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-005-S (January 9, 1995): 63-65.
68. Trud, November 18, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-224 (November 21, 1994): 57-58; Obshchaya gazeta (General News) (Moscow), December 16, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-005-S (January 9, 1995): 63-65.
69. Bizness klub (Business Club) (Alma-Ata), June 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-126-S (June 30, 1995): 55-57.
70. Bizness klub (Business Club) (Alma-Ata), June 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-126-S (June 30, 1995): 55-57.
71. Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia, 14-17; Interfax, June 30, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 5, 1995): 75-76.
72. Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia, 14-17; Interfax, June 30, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 5, 1995): 75-76.
73. Blank, Energy, Economics, and Security in Central Asia, 14-17; Interfax, June 30, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 5, 1995): 75-76.
74. Ibid.
75. ITAR-TASS, Moscow, in English, September 28, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-189 (September 29, 1995): 69.
76. ITAR-TASS, Moscow, in English, September 28, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-189 (September 29, 1995): 69.
77. Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 26, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-190 (October 2, 1995): 43-44.
78. Rossiyskaya gazeta, September 26, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-190 (October 2, 1995): 43-44.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. Segodnya, September 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-188-S (September 28, 1995): 9-12.
83. Segodnya, September 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-188-S (September 28, 1995): 9-12.
84. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
85. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
86. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
87. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
88. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
89. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
90. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
91. Kazakhstanskaya pravda, January 21, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-016 (January 25, 1995): 40-41; Kazakhstanskaya pravda, February 18, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-038 (February 27, 1995): 66-68. See also FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 55-57; FBIS, Pacific Rim Economic Review, January 12, 1994, 6-7; ibid., August 10, 1994, 13-15; and ibid., August 24, 1994, 8.
92. The Monitor, July 21, 1995.
93. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
94. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
95. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
96. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
97. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
98. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
99. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
100. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
101. Interfax, July 5, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-128 (July 7, 1995): 2-3; Turkish Daily News (Ankara), June 14, 1995, in FBIS, Daily Report: Western Europe [henceforth cited as FBIS-WEU], 95-119 (June 21, 1995): 51. Interfax, September 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-187 (September 27, 1995): 91; Segodnya, September 28, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-193 (October 5, 1995): 69.
102. "If We Clash It'll Be on the Caspian," 21.
103. FBIS-SOV-95-188 (September 28, 1995): 20.
104. Ibid.
105. Ibid., 21.
106. Ibid.
107. Segodnya, September 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS, Military Affairs-95-206-S (October 25, 1995): 61.
108. Segodnya, September 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS, Military Affairs-95-206-S (October 25, 1995): 61.
109. Interview with Lt. General Leonid G. Ivashov, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, July 26, 1995.
110. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (The World Economy and International Relations) (Moscow), January 1995, no. 1, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-056-S (March 23, 1995): 11-16; Hannes Adomeit, "Russia as a 'Great Power' in World Affairs: Images and Reality," International Affairs 71, no. 1 (January 1995): 61; S. Neil MacFarlane and Adalbert Schnabel, "Russia's Approach to Peacekeeping," International Journal 50, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 295-324.
111. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (The World Economy and International Relations) (Moscow), January 1995, no. 1, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-056-S (March 23, 1995): 11-16; Hannes Adomeit, "Russia as a 'Great Power' in World Affairs: Images and Reality," International Affairs 71, no. 1 (January 1995): 61; S. Neil MacFarlane and Adalbert Schnabel, "Russia's Approach to Peacekeeping," International Journal 50, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 295-324.
112. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (The World Economy and International Relations) (Moscow), January 1995, no. 1, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-056-S (March 23, 1995): 11-16; Hannes Adomeit, "Russia as a 'Great Power' in World Affairs: Images and Reality," International Affairs 71, no. 1 (January 1995): 61; S. Neil MacFarlane and Adalbert Schnabel, "Russia's Approach to Peacekeeping," International Journal 50, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 295-324.
113. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya (The World Economy and International Relations) (Moscow), January 1995, no. 1, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-056-S (March 23, 1995): 11-16; Hannes Adomeit, "Russia as a 'Great Power' in World Affairs: Images and Reality," International Affairs 71, no. 1 (January 1995): 61; S. Neil MacFarlane and Adalbert Schnabel, "Russia's Approach to Peacekeeping," International Journal 50, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 295-324.
114. Rajan Menon, "In the Shadow of the Bear: Security in Post-Soviet Central Asia," International Security 20, no. 1 (Summer 1995): 161-63; Barnett Rubin, "Tajikistan: From Soviet Republic to Russian-Uzbek Protectorate," in Central Asia and the World, ed. Michael Mandlebaum (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1994), 207-24.
115. Rajan Menon, "In the Shadow of the Bear: Security in Post-Soviet Central Asia," International Security 20, no. 1 (Summer 1995): 161-63; Barnett Rubin, "Tajikistan: From Soviet Republic to Russian-Uzbek Protectorate," in Central Asia and the World, ed. Michael Mandlebaum (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1994), 207-24.
116. Akbar Turajonzoda, "Tajikistan-Politics, Religion, and Peace: A View from the Opposition," Problems of Post-Communism 42, no. 4 (July-August 1995): 24-28;
117. "Tajikistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 21-22.
118. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
119. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
120. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
121. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
122. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
123. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
124. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
125. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
126. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
127. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
128. Sherman W. Garnett, "The Integrationist Temptation," Washington Quarterly 17, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 40; Sanobar Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis Splits Former Allies," Moscow News, April 21-27, 1995, 4; Sanobar Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries Echo in Tajikistan," ibid., May 5-11, 1995, 6; Pravda (Truth) (Moscow), May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Radio Tajikistan Network (Dushanbe), in Tajik, April 5, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-066 (April 6, 1995): 70-71; Interfax, May 22, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-099 (May 23, 1995): 75; Literaturnaya gazeta (Literary News) (Moscow), January 25, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-012-S (February 16, 1995): 71-75.
129. Shermatova, "Russian Rivalries," 5.
130. Turkmenistan," CDPP 47, no. 20 (June 14, 1995): 19; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, June 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-122 (June 26, 1995): 88; Voice of the Islamic Republic (Tehran), in Persian, August 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia [henceforth cited as FBIS-NES], 94-170 (August 22, 1994): 52; Ramesh Thakur, "Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold," in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, ed. Peter Shearman (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 235-36.
131. Turkmenistan," CDPP 47, no. 20 (June 14, 1995): 19; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, June 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-122 (June 26, 1995): 88; Voice of the Islamic Republic (Tehran), in Persian, August 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia [henceforth cited as FBIS-NES], 94-170 (August 22, 1994): 52; Ramesh Thakur, "Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold," in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, ed. Peter Shearman (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 235-36.
132. Turkmenistan," CDPP 47, no. 20 (June 14, 1995): 19; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, June 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-122 (June 26, 1995): 88; Voice of the Islamic Republic (Tehran), in Persian, August 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia [henceforth cited as FBIS-NES], 94-170 (August 22, 1994): 52; Ramesh Thakur, "Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold," in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, ed. Peter Shearman (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 235-36.
133. Turkmenistan," CDPP 47, no. 20 (June 14, 1995): 19; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, June 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-122 (June 26, 1995): 88; Voice of the Islamic Republic (Tehran), in Persian, August 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia [henceforth cited as FBIS-NES], 94-170 (August 22, 1994): 52; Ramesh Thakur, "Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold," in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, ed. Peter Shearman (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 235-36.
134. Turkmenistan," CDPP 47, no. 20 (June 14, 1995): 19; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, June 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-122 (June 26, 1995): 88; Voice of the Islamic Republic (Tehran), in Persian, August 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia [henceforth cited as FBIS-NES], 94-170 (August 22, 1994): 52; Ramesh Thakur, "Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold," in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, ed. Peter Shearman (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 235-36.
135. Turkmenistan," CDPP 47, no. 20 (June 14, 1995): 19; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, June 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-122 (June 26, 1995): 88; Voice of the Islamic Republic (Tehran), in Persian, August 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia [henceforth cited as FBIS-NES], 94-170 (August 22, 1994): 52; Ramesh Thakur, "Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold," in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, ed. Peter Shearman (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 235-36.
136. Turkmenistan," CDPP 47, no. 20 (June 14, 1995): 19; ITAR-TASS, Moscow, June 26, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-122 (June 26, 1995): 88; Voice of the Islamic Republic (Tehran), in Persian, August 22, 1994, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia [henceforth cited as FBIS-NES], 94-170 (August 22, 1994): 52; Ramesh Thakur, "Russian Policy Toward India: A Relationship on Hold," in Russian Foreign Policy Since 1990, ed. Peter Shearman (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 235-36.
137. Rossiyskaya gazeta, May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-100 (May 24, 1995): 6-7.
138. Rossiyskaya gazeta, May 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-100 (May 24, 1995): 6-7.
139. "Credits: West Will Help Uzbekistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 27; Kommersant, April 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; Interfax, April 6, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 74-75; Uzbekistan Television (Tashkent), in Uzbek, April 6, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 75-77.
140. "Credits: West Will Help Uzbekistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 27; Kommersant, April 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; Interfax, April 6, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 74-75; Uzbekistan Television (Tashkent), in Uzbek, April 6, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 75-77.
141. "Credits: West Will Help Uzbekistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 27; Kommersant, April 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; Interfax, April 6, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 74-75; Uzbekistan Television (Tashkent), in Uzbek, April 6, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 75-77.
142. "Credits: West Will Help Uzbekistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 27; Kommersant, April 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; Interfax, April 6, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 74-75; Uzbekistan Television (Tashkent), in Uzbek, April 6, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 75-77.
143. "Credits: West Will Help Uzbekistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 27; Kommersant, April 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; Interfax, April 6, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 74-75; Uzbekistan Television (Tashkent), in Uzbek, April 6, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 75-77.
144. "Credits: West Will Help Uzbekistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 27; Kommersant, April 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; Interfax, April 6, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 74-75; Uzbekistan Television (Tashkent), in Uzbek, April 6, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 75-77.
145. "Credits: West Will Help Uzbekistan," CDPP 47, no. 17 (May 24, 1995): 27; Kommersant, April 8, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; Interfax, April 6, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 74-75; Uzbekistan Television (Tashkent), in Uzbek, April 6, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-067 (April 7, 1995): 75-77.
146. Open Markets Research Institute (OMRI), Daily Digest, May 9, 1995; Narodnoe slovo (National Language) (Tashkent), May 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-104 (May 31, 1995): 83; Ukrayina moloda (The Ukrainian Youth) (Kiev), June 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 46-48.
147. Open Markets Research Institute (OMRI), Daily Digest, May 9, 1995; Narodnoe slovo (National Language) (Tashkent), May 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-104 (May 31, 1995): 83; Ukrayina moloda (The Ukrainian Youth) (Kiev), June 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 46-48.
148. Open Markets Research Institute (OMRI), Daily Digest, May 9, 1995; Narodnoe slovo (National Language) (Tashkent), May 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-104 (May 31, 1995): 83; Ukrayina moloda (The Ukrainian Youth) (Kiev), June 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 46-48.
149. Open Markets Research Institute (OMRI), Daily Digest, May 9, 1995; Narodnoe slovo (National Language) (Tashkent), May 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-104 (May 31, 1995): 83; Ukrayina moloda (The Ukrainian Youth) (Kiev), June 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 46-48.
150. Open Markets Research Institute (OMRI), Daily Digest, May 9, 1995; Narodnoe slovo (National Language) (Tashkent), May 30, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-104 (May 31, 1995): 83; Ukrayina moloda (The Ukrainian Youth) (Kiev), June 23, 1995, trans. in FBIS-SOV-95-126 (June 30, 1995): 46-48.
151. Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis," 4; FBIS-SOV-95-061 (April 7, 1995): 74-77; Uzbekistan Television, March 23, 1996, trans. in FBIS-SOV-96-059 (March 26, 1996): 59-60.
152. Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis," 4; FBIS-SOV-95-061 (April 7, 1995): 74-77; Uzbekistan Television, March 23, 1996, trans. in FBIS-SOV-96-059 (March 26, 1996): 59-60.
153. Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis," 4; FBIS-SOV-95-061 (April 7, 1995): 74-77; Uzbekistan Television, March 23, 1996, trans. in FBIS-SOV-96-059 (March 26, 1996): 59-60.
154. Shermatova, "Tajik Crisis," 4; FBIS-SOV-95-061 (April 7, 1995): 74-77; Uzbekistan Television, March 23, 1996, trans. in FBIS-SOV-96-059 (March 26, 1996): 59-60.
155. Ibid.; FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; "Val's Letter from Moscow," Asian Defence Journal, July 1995, 74; Strobe Talbott, "Terms of Engagement," New York Times, February 4, 1996, IV-13.
156. Ibid.; FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; "Val's Letter from Moscow," Asian Defence Journal, July 1995, 74; Strobe Talbott, "Terms of Engagement," New York Times, February 4, 1996, IV-13.
157. Ibid.; FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; "Val's Letter from Moscow," Asian Defence Journal, July 1995, 74; Strobe Talbott, "Terms of Engagement," New York Times, February 4, 1996, IV-13.
158. Ibid.; FBIS-SOV-95-069 (April 11, 1995): 78; "Val's Letter from Moscow," Asian Defence Journal, July 1995, 74; Strobe Talbott, "Terms of Engagement," New York Times, February 4, 1996, IV-13.
159. Erlanger, "Russia Wants No Return of Cold War," 14; OMRI, Daily Digest, April 5, 1996.
160. Erlanger, "Russia Wants No Return of Cold War," 14; OMRI, Daily Digest, April 5, 1996.
161. The Monitor, October 11, 1995.
162. Maqsudul Hasan Nuri, "Pakistan's Security Perceptions in the Post-Cold War Era," in South Asia After the Cold War: International Perspectives, ed. Kanti P. Baipai and Stephen P. Cohen (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993), 97-100; Iftikhar H. Malik, "Pakistan's National Security and Regional Issues: Politics of Mutualities with the Muslim World," Asian Survey 34, no. 12 (December 1994): 1089.
163. Maqsudul Hasan Nuri, "Pakistan's Security Perceptions in the Post-Cold War Era," in South Asia After the Cold War: International Perspectives, ed. Kanti P. Baipai and Stephen P. Cohen (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993), 97-100; Iftikhar H. Malik, "Pakistan's National Security and Regional Issues: Politics of Mutualities with the Muslim World," Asian Survey 34, no. 12 (December 1994): 1089.
164. Nuri, "Pakistan's Security Perceptions," 97-98.
165. Malik, "Pakistan's National Security and Regional Issues," 1089.
166. John F. Burns, "Bombs and Gunmen Kill 11 at Pakistan Mosque," New York Times, March 11, 1995, A1-2.
167. John F. Burns, "Killings Strain U.S.-Pakistani Relations," New York Times, March 12, 1995, A10.
168. Ahmed Rashid, "March of the Militants," Far Eastern Economic Review, March 6, 1995, 19.
169. Dietrich Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option: The Race for Regional Security and Development," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 17, no. 1 (Fall 1993): 28-56; Ali Abbas Rizvi, "Pakistan and Security of Central Asian States," Asian Defence Journal, May 1994, 54-57.
170. Dietrich Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option: The Race for Regional Security and Development," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 17, no. 1 (Fall 1993): 28-56; Ali Abbas Rizvi, "Pakistan and Security of Central Asian States," Asian Defence Journal, May 1994, 54-57.
171. Ahmed Rashid, The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism (London: Zed Books, 1994), 215-16; Vidya Nadkarni, "Central Asia and South Asia: The Forging of New Relationships" (Paper presented at the 30th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, Chicago, February 21-25, 1995), 5.
172. Ahmed Rashid, The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism (London: Zed Books, 1994), 215-16; Vidya Nadkarni, "Central Asia and South Asia: The Forging of New Relationships" (Paper presented at the 30th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, Chicago, February 21-25, 1995), 5.
173. Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option," 35; Hafeez Malik, "New Relationships Between Central and Southwest Asia and Pakistan's Regional Policies," in Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects, ed. Hafeez Malik (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 252-55.
174. Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option," 35; Hafeez Malik, "New Relationships Between Central and Southwest Asia and Pakistan's Regional Policies," in Central Asia: Its Strategic Importance and Future Prospects, ed. Hafeez Malik (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 252-55.
175. Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option," 37-41.
176. Ibid., 28-56; Rizvi, "Pakistan and Security of Central Asian States," 54-56; Malik, "New Relationships," 249-60; Paul Proctor, "PIA Moves to Capture Growth in Central Asian Business," Aviation Week & Space Technology, August 10, 1992, 38-39.
177. Ibid., 28-56; Rizvi, "Pakistan and Security of Central Asian States," 54-56; Malik, "New Relationships," 249-60; Paul Proctor, "PIA Moves to Capture Growth in Central Asian Business," Aviation Week & Space Technology, August 10, 1992, 38-39.
178. Ibid., 28-56; Rizvi, "Pakistan and Security of Central Asian States," 54-56; Malik, "New Relationships," 249-60; Paul Proctor, "PIA Moves to Capture Growth in Central Asian Business," Aviation Week & Space Technology, August 10, 1992, 38-39.
179. Ibid., 28-56; Rizvi, "Pakistan and Security of Central Asian States," 54-56; Malik, "New Relationships," 249-60; Paul Proctor, "PIA Moves to Capture Growth in Central Asian Business," Aviation Week & Space Technology, August 10, 1992, 38-39.
180. Ahmed Rashid, "The China Factor," Far Eastern Economic Review, January 13, 1994, 12-13.
181. Ibid.; Vyacheslav Ya. Belokrenitsky, "Russia and Greater Central Asia," Asian Survey 34, no. 12 (December 1994): 1103.
182. Ibid.; Vyacheslav Ya. Belokrenitsky, "Russia and Greater Central Asia," Asian Survey 34, no. 12 (December 1994): 1103.
183. Ibid.
184. Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option," 49-50; Samina Yasmeen, "Pakistan's Cautious Policy," Survival 36, no. 2 (Summer 1994): 130.
185. Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option," 49-50; Samina Yasmeen, "Pakistan's Cautious Policy," Survival 36, no. 2 (Summer 1994): 130.
186. Reetz, "Pakistan and the Central Asia Hinterland Option," 49-50.
187. Nadkarni, "Central Asia and South Asia," 5-6.
188. Ibid.
189. The News (Islamabad), May 24, 1995, in FBIS-NES-95-100 (May 24, 1995): 57-58.
190. The News (Islamabad), May 24, 1995, in FBIS-NES-95-100 (May 24, 1995): 57-58.
191. The Monitor, November 13, 1995, gives a recent example of this phenomenon. For other recent studies of Pakistan's policies, see Syed Rifaat Hussein, "Pakistan and Central Asia," in From Containment to Stability: Pakistan-United States Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, ed. Col. David O. Smith (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 1993), 191-215; and Malik, "New Relationships," 249-60.
192. The Monitor, November 13, 1995, gives a recent example of this phenomenon. For other recent studies of Pakistan's policies, see Syed Rifaat Hussein, "Pakistan and Central Asia," in From Containment to Stability: Pakistan-United States Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, ed. Col. David O. Smith (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 1993), 191-215; and Malik, "New Relationships," 249-60.
193. The Monitor, November 13, 1995, gives a recent example of this phenomenon. For other recent studies of Pakistan's policies, see Syed Rifaat Hussein, "Pakistan and Central Asia," in From Containment to Stability: Pakistan-United States Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, ed. Col. David O. Smith (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 1993), 191-215; and Malik, "New Relationships," 249-60.
194. Nadkarni, "Central Asia and South Asia," 5-6.
195. Shekhar Gupta, "India Redefines Its Role," Adelphi Papers, no. 293 (1995): 52.
196. Ibid., 62; Nadkarni, "Central Asia and South Asia," 9-11.
197. Ibid., 62; Nadkarni, "Central Asia and South Asia," 9-11.
198. Brigadier General N. B. Grant AVSM (Ret.), "Kashmir-Not Just Law and Order Problem," U.S.I. Journal, July-September 1994, 335-37.
199. Ibid.; Gupta, "India Redefines Its Role," 53; "Trapped," The Economist, June 17, 1995, 38; Emily MacFarquhar, "A Volatile Democracy," U.S. News & World Report, March 27, 1995, 36-37.
200. Ibid.; Gupta, "India Redefines Its Role," 53; "Trapped," The Economist, June 17, 1995, 38; Emily MacFarquhar, "A Volatile Democracy," U.S. News & World Report, March 27, 1995, 36-37.
201. Ibid.; Gupta, "India Redefines Its Role," 53; "Trapped," The Economist, June 17, 1995, 38; Emily MacFarquhar, "A Volatile Democracy," U.S. News & World Report, March 27, 1995, 36-37.
202. Ibid.; Gupta, "India Redefines Its Role," 53; "Trapped," The Economist, June 17, 1995, 38; Emily MacFarquhar, "A Volatile Democracy," U.S. News & World Report, March 27, 1995, 36-37.
203. Anita Inder Singh, "A New Indo-Russian Connection: India's Relations with Russia and Central Asia," International Affairs 71, no. 1 (January 1995): 79-82.
204. Ibid.
205. Interfax, June 30, 1994, in FBIS-SOV-94-177 (July 1, 1994): 4.
206. Interfax, June 30, 1994, in FBIS-SOV-94-177 (July 1, 1994): 4.
207. Rossiyskaya gazeta, July 31, 1992, trans. in FBIS-SOV-92-101 (August 24, 1992): 45.
208. Rossiyskaya gazeta, July 31, 1992, trans. in FBIS-SOV-92-101 (August 24, 1992): 45.
209. S. Nihal Singh, "Indo-Russian Goals for Central Asia," International Herald Tribune, September 22, 1993, 8.
210. Iizvestiya (Moscow), October 1, 1993, trans. in FBIS-SOV-93-192 (October 6, 1993): 1; IRNA (Tehran), September 20, 1995, in FBIS-NES-95-183 (September 21, 1995): 66.
211. Iizvestiya (Moscow), October 1, 1993, trans. in FBIS-SOV-93-192 (October 6, 1993): 1; IRNA (Tehran), September 20, 1995, in FBIS-NES-95-183 (September 21, 1995): 66.
212. Iizvestiya (Moscow), October 1, 1993, trans. in FBIS-SOV-93-192 (October 6, 1993): 1; IRNA (Tehran), September 20, 1995, in FBIS-NES-95-183 (September 21, 1995): 66.
213. Iizvestiya (Moscow), October 1, 1993, trans. in FBIS-SOV-93-192 (October 6, 1993): 1; IRNA (Tehran), September 20, 1995, in FBIS-NES-95-183 (September 21, 1995): 66.
214. Mutahir Ahmet, ''Euro-Central Asian Relations," Eurasian Studies (Ankara) 2, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 55; Turkish Daily News, October 9, 1995, in FBIS-WEU-95-198 (October 13, 1995): 43.
215. Mutahir Ahmet, ''Euro-Central Asian Relations," Eurasian Studies (Ankara) 2, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 55; Turkish Daily News, October 9, 1995, in FBIS-WEU-95-198 (October 13, 1995): 43.
216. Mutahir Ahmet, ''Euro-Central Asian Relations," Eurasian Studies (Ankara) 2, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 55; Turkish Daily News, October 9, 1995, in FBIS-WEU-95-198 (October 13, 1995): 43.
217. All-India Radio News Network (Delhi), in English, January 5, 1994, in FBIS-NES-94-003 (January 5, 1994): 49.
218. All-India Radio News Network (Delhi), in English, January 5, 1994, in FBIS-NES-94-003 (January 5, 1994): 49.
219. Mark Stenhouse, "Central Asia: A Catalyst for Change," International Defense Review: Defense 95, 48; Gerald Segal, "East of the Middle East," Jane's Intelligence Review, March 1995, 133-35.
220. Mark Stenhouse, "Central Asia: A Catalyst for Change," International Defense Review: Defense 95, 48; Gerald Segal, "East of the Middle East," Jane's Intelligence Review, March 1995, 133-35.
221. Ali Abbas Rizvi, "ECO: From Geopolitics to Geonomics," Asian Defence Journal, March 1995, 25. It is also worth noting that at least one Indian analysis explicitly calls for supporting Russia's leadership here and cooperation among India, Russia, and the PRC to that end of stabilizing Central Asia. See P. Slobdan, "International Aspects of the Conflict Situation in Central Asia," Strategic Analysis (Delhi), June 1993, 265-81.
222. Ali Abbas Rizvi, "ECO: From Geopolitics to Geonomics," Asian Defence Journal, March 1995, 25. It is also worth noting that at least one Indian analysis explicitly calls for supporting Russia's leadership here and cooperation among India, Russia, and the PRC to that end of stabilizing Central Asia. See P. Slobdan, "International Aspects of the Conflict Situation in Central Asia," Strategic Analysis (Delhi), June 1993, 265-81.
223. Rizvi, "ECO," 25.
224. Ibid.
225. Ibid.
226. Samuel S. Kim, "Chinese and Russian Perspectives and Policies Toward the Korean Reunification Issue," Korea and World Affairs 17, no. 4 (Winter 1994): 707-12.
227. For two examples, see Renmin ribao (People's Daily) (Beijing), July 31, 1995, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: China [henceforth cited as FBIS-CHI, 95-187 (September 27, 1995): 70-73; and Guofang (National Defense) (Beijing), June 1995, no. 6, trans. in FBIS-CHI-95-165 (August 25, 1995): 36-38.
228. For two examples, see Renmin ribao (People's Daily) (Beijing), July 31, 1995, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: China [henceforth cited as FBIS-CHI, 95-187 (September 27, 1995): 70-73; and Guofang (National Defense) (Beijing), June 1995, no. 6, trans. in FBIS-CHI-95-165 (August 25, 1995): 36-38.
229. For two examples, see Renmin ribao (People's Daily) (Beijing), July 31, 1995, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: China [henceforth cited as FBIS-CHI, 95-187 (September 27, 1995): 70-73; and Guofang (National Defense) (Beijing), June 1995, no. 6, trans. in FBIS-CHI-95-165 (August 25, 1995): 36-38.
230. For two examples, see Renmin ribao (People's Daily) (Beijing), July 31, 1995, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: China [henceforth cited as FBIS-CHI, 95-187 (September 27, 1995): 70-73; and Guofang (National Defense) (Beijing), June 1995, no. 6, trans. in FBIS-CHI-95-165 (August 25, 1995): 36-38.
231. For two examples, see Renmin ribao (People's Daily) (Beijing), July 31, 1995, trans. in FBIS, Daily Report: China [henceforth cited as FBIS-CHI, 95-187 (September 27, 1995): 70-73; and Guofang (National Defense) (Beijing), June 1995, no. 6, trans. in FBIS-CHI-95-165 (August 25, 1995): 36-38.
232. ITAR-TASS, Moscow, September 12, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-177 (September 13, 1995): 77.
233. ITAR-TASS, Moscow, September 12, 1995, in FBIS-SOV-95-177 (September 13, 1995): 77.
234. Irina D. Zviagel'skaia, "Central Asia and the Caucasus: New Geopolitics," in Central Asia and Caucasia: Ethnicity and Conflict, ed. Vitaly Naumkin (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1994), 133.
235. FBIS-CHI-95-165 (August 25, 1995): 36-38.
236. Ross H. Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," Orbis 38, no. 4 (Fall 1994): 585-606; Keith Martin, "China and Central Asia: Between Seduction and Suspicion," RFE/RL Research Report 3, no. 25 (June 24, 1994): 31-34; Lilian Craig Harris, "Xinjiang, Central Asia, and the Implications for China's Policy in the Islamic World," China Quarterly, no. 133 (March 1993): 111-29; Gaye Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle: The Impact of Transnational Forces on Chinese Regional Planning," ibid., 130-51; J. Richard Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," Asian Survey 33, no. 3 (March 1993): 272-83.
237. Ross H. Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," Orbis 38, no. 4 (Fall 1994): 585-606; Keith Martin, "China and Central Asia: Between Seduction and Suspicion," RFE/RL Research Report 3, no. 25 (June 24, 1994): 31-34; Lilian Craig Harris, "Xinjiang, Central Asia, and the Implications for China's Policy in the Islamic World," China Quarterly, no. 133 (March 1993): 111-29; Gaye Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle: The Impact of Transnational Forces on Chinese Regional Planning," ibid., 130-51; J. Richard Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," Asian Survey 33, no. 3 (March 1993): 272-83.
238. Ross H. Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," Orbis 38, no. 4 (Fall 1994): 585-606; Keith Martin, "China and Central Asia: Between Seduction and Suspicion," RFE/RL Research Report 3, no. 25 (June 24, 1994): 31-34; Lilian Craig Harris, "Xinjiang, Central Asia, and the Implications for China's Policy in the Islamic World," China Quarterly, no. 133 (March 1993): 111-29; Gaye Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle: The Impact of Transnational Forces on Chinese Regional Planning," ibid., 130-51; J. Richard Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," Asian Survey 33, no. 3 (March 1993): 272-83.
239. Ross H. Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," Orbis 38, no. 4 (Fall 1994): 585-606; Keith Martin, "China and Central Asia: Between Seduction and Suspicion," RFE/RL Research Report 3, no. 25 (June 24, 1994): 31-34; Lilian Craig Harris, "Xinjiang, Central Asia, and the Implications for China's Policy in the Islamic World," China Quarterly, no. 133 (March 1993): 111-29; Gaye Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle: The Impact of Transnational Forces on Chinese Regional Planning," ibid., 130-51; J. Richard Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," Asian Survey 33, no. 3 (March 1993): 272-83.
240. Ross H. Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," Orbis 38, no. 4 (Fall 1994): 585-606; Keith Martin, "China and Central Asia: Between Seduction and Suspicion," RFE/RL Research Report 3, no. 25 (June 24, 1994): 31-34; Lilian Craig Harris, "Xinjiang, Central Asia, and the Implications for China's Policy in the Islamic World," China Quarterly, no. 133 (March 1993): 111-29; Gaye Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle: The Impact of Transnational Forces on Chinese Regional Planning," ibid., 130-51; J. Richard Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," Asian Survey 33, no. 3 (March 1993): 272-83.
241. Harris, "Xinjiang," 113-18.
242. Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51.
243. Ibid.; and Harris, "Xinjiang," 113-18.
244. Ibid.; and Harris, "Xinjiang," 113-18.
245. See note 108 above.
246. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51; Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," 279-81; Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," 598-605; Nezavisimaya gazeta (Independent News) (Moscow), August 3, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-101 (September 15, 1994): 1-5.
247. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51; Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," 279-81; Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," 598-605; Nezavisimaya gazeta (Independent News) (Moscow), August 3, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-101 (September 15, 1994): 1-5.
248. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51; Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," 279-81; Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," 598-605; Nezavisimaya gazeta (Independent News) (Moscow), August 3, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-101 (September 15, 1994): 1-5.
249. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51; Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," 279-81; Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," 598-605; Nezavisimaya gazeta (Independent News) (Moscow), August 3, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-101 (September 15, 1994): 1-5.
250. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51; Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," 279-81; Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," 598-605; Nezavisimaya gazeta (Independent News) (Moscow), August 3, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-101 (September 15, 1994): 1-5.
251. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51; Walsh, "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," 279-81; Munro, "China's Waxing Spheres of Influence," 598-605; Nezavisimaya gazeta (Independent News) (Moscow), August 3, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-101 (September 15, 1994): 1-5.
252. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51.
253. Harris, "Xinjiang," 118-30; Christoffersen, "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle," 136-51.
254. Xinhua Domestic Service, Beijing, July 26, 1994, trans. in FBIS-CHI-94-143 (July 26, 1994): 18. See also Gao Anming, "Plan for Xinjiang Outlined," China Daily (Beijing), October 3, 1995, 1-2.
255. Xinhua Domestic Service, Beijing, July 26, 1994, trans. in FBIS-CHI-94-143 (July 26, 1994): 18. See also Gao Anming, "Plan for Xinjiang Outlined," China Daily (Beijing), October 3, 1995, 1-2.
256. Xinhua Domestic Service, Beijing, July 26, 1994, trans. in FBIS-CHI-94-143 (July 26, 1994): 18. See also Gao Anming, "Plan for Xinjiang Outlined," China Daily (Beijing), October 3, 1995, 1-2.
257. Ikuo Kayahara, "Will China Succeed in Implementing Energy Strategy?" Sekai shuho (The World Weekly) (Tokyo), May 10-17, 1994, trans. U.S. Embassy, Japan, 21-24.
258. Izvestiya, February 1, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-021 (February 1, 1994): 11.
259. Izvestiya, February 1, 1994, trans. in FBIS-SOV-94-021 (February 1, 1994): 11.
260. The Hindu (Madras), March 30, 1996, in FBIS-NES-96-064 (April 2, 1996): 66-67, and articles on Primakov's visit clearly stated India's opposition to U.S. efforts to block Russian dominance in the CIS, saying that India and Iran share this position, and alluded to India's "vital stakes" in Central Asia. See FBIS-NES-96-066 (April 4, 1996): 47.
261. The Hindu (Madras), March 30, 1996, in FBIS-NES-96-064 (April 2, 1996): 66-67, and articles on Primakov's visit clearly stated India's opposition to U.S. efforts to block Russian dominance in the CIS, saying that India and Iran share this position, and alluded to India's "vital stakes" in Central Asia. See FBIS-NES-96-066 (April 4, 1996): 47.
262. The Hindu (Madras), March 30, 1996, in FBIS-NES-96-064 (April 2, 1996): 66-67, and articles on Primakov's visit clearly stated India's opposition to U.S. efforts to block Russian dominance in the CIS, saying that India and Iran share this position, and alluded to India's "vital stakes" in Central Asia. See FBIS-NES-96-066 (April 4, 1996): 47.
263. The Monitor, May 2, 1996; OMRI, Daily Digest, May 2, 1996.
264. The Monitor, May 2, 1996; OMRI, Daily Digest, May 2, 1996.
265. Martin Walker, "Caspian Oil and Pipeline Diplomacy," Moscow Times, September 29, 1995, 8.