Close relations? Bringing together gender and family in english history

Gender and History

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 542-554

  Doolittle, Megan ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY HEALTH; FAMILY RELATION; FAMILY SIZE; FEMALE; GENDER IDENTITY; HISTORY; LEGAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; TECHNIQUE; UNITED KINGDOM; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WOMEN'S RIGHTS;

FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FAMILY HEALTH; FAMILY RELATIONS; GENDER IDENTITY; GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORIOGRAPHY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; METHODS; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WOMEN'S RIGHTS; WOMEN, WORKING;

EID: 0040213340     PISSN: 09535233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.00162     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. For example, Rayna Rapp, Ellen Ross and Renate Bridenthal, 'Examining Family History', which reported from a conference workshop of 1977, published in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Judith Newton, Mary Ryan and Judith Walkowitz (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983). For a recent critique, see L. Davidoff, M. Doolittle, J. Fink and K. Holden, The Family Story: Blood, Contract and Intimacy 1830-1960 (Longman, London, 1999), ch. 2, 'The Family and the Historian'.
2. For example, Rayna Rapp, Ellen Ross and Renate Bridenthal, 'Examining Family History', which reported from a conference workshop of 1977, published in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Judith Newton, Mary Ryan and Judith Walkowitz (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983). For a recent critique, see L. Davidoff, M. Doolittle, J. Fink and K. Holden, The Family Story: Blood, Contract and Intimacy 1830-1960 (Longman, London, 1999), ch. 2, 'The Family and the Historian'.
3. Louise A. Tilly, 'Women's History and Family History: Fruitful Collaboration or Missed Connection?', Journal of Family History, 12 (1987), p. 301.
4. Hazel V. Carby, 'White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood', in Black British Feminism: A Reader, ed. Heidi Safia Mirza (Routledge, London, 1997), p. 46.
5. Tessie Liu, 'The Politics of True Community in Social History: Assessing the Relationship Between Women's History and Family History', Conference Paper for Family History and History of Gender, University of Essex, 7 December 1991.
6. Thomas Laqueur, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990).
7. On conception, the popular model until at least the late nineteenth century was of an active male principal and a passive female vessel. See Janet Blackman, 'Popular Theories of Generation: The Evolution of Aristotle's Works: The Study of an Anachronism'; in Health Care and Popular Medicine in Nineteenth Century England, ed. John Woodward and David Richards (Homes & Meier, New York, 1977). On pregnancy and childbirth, see John Gillis, A World of Their Own Making: Myth, Ritual and the Quest for Family Values (Basic Books, New York, 1996), pp. 159-65 and pp. 184-5, who argues that in early modern Europe, although women giving birth were ritually separated, the couvade, or sympathetic birth experiences of husbands, was common.
8. On conception, the popular model until at least the late nineteenth century was of an active male principal and a passive female vessel. See Janet Blackman, 'Popular Theories of Generation: The Evolution of Aristotle's Works: The Study of an Anachronism'; in Health Care and Popular Medicine in Nineteenth Century England, ed. John Woodward and David Richards (Homes & Meier, New York, 1977). On pregnancy and childbirth, see John Gillis, A World of Their Own Making: Myth, Ritual and the Quest for Family Values (Basic Books, New York, 1996), pp. 159-65 and pp. 184-5, who argues that in early modern Europe, although women giving birth were ritually separated, the couvade, or sympathetic birth experiences of husbands, was common.
9. Michael Roper and John Tosh (eds), Manful Assertions, Masculinities in Britain since 1800 (Routledge, London, 1991), includes two domestic pieces. Other masculinity literature often has very little.
10. Alison MacKinnon, 'Were Women Present at the Demographic Transition? Questions from a Feminist Historian to Historical Demographers', Gender and History, 7 (1995), p. 224.
11. Simon Szreter, Gender, Class and Fertility (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996).
12. For example, Wally Seccombe, Weathering the Storm: Working-Class Families from the Industrial Revolution to the Fertility Decline (Verso, London, 1993), ch. 5, 'Starting to Stop'.
13. E. A. Wrigley, Population and History, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969, pp. 84-5. He shows the form used to record a reconstituted family, which only had spaces for husband, wife, their parents and their children, remarriage and marriage partners of children. Occupations for husband, husband's father and the wife's father were to be recorded. Because it was based on local records, family members who were born, married and buried elsewhere would go unrecorded.
14. Davidoff et al., The Family Story, p. 28.
15. Olivia Harris, 'Households and their Boundaries', History Workshop, 13 (1982), and Miranda Chaytor, 'Household and Kinship: Ryton in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries', History Workshop, 10 (1980).
16. Olivia Harris, 'Households and their Boundaries', History Workshop, 13 (1982), and Miranda Chaytor, 'Household and Kinship: Ryton in the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries', History Workshop, 10 (1980).
17. Di Cooper and Moira Donald, 'Households and "Hidden" Kin in Early Nineteenth-Century England: Four Case Studies in Suburban Exeter, 1821-1861', Continuity and Change, 10 (1995).
18. For example, the seminal texts of Lawrence Stone and Philippe Aries were seen as generalising from the experiences of the wealthy classes. Philippe Aries, Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (Jonathan Cape, New York, 1962, first published 1960); Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500-1800 (1977; repr. Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1979).
19. For example, the seminal texts of Lawrence Stone and Philippe Aries were seen as generalising from the experiences of the wealthy classes. Philippe Aries, Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life (Jonathan Cape, New York, 1962, first published 1960); Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500-1800 (1977; repr. Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1979).
20. For a detailed analysis of Parson's ideas about the family, see David H. J. Morgan's, Social Theory and the Family (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1975).
21. Seccombe, Weathering the Storm, pp. 57-9.
22. For the debates on using a family strategies approach, see Leslie Page Moch, et al., 'Family Strategy: A Dialogue', Historical Methods, 20 (1987).
23. Nancy: Folbre, 'Of Patriarchy Born: The Political Economy of Fertility Decisions', Feminist Studies, 9 (1983), p. 267.
24. See a tentative exploration of these issues in Michael Joyce, 'An Examination of Motivation for Research on Family History', and Trevor Hill, 'Genealogy - Kinship Studies or Family History?' Genealogists Magazine, 25 (1997).
25. See a tentative exploration of these issues in Michael Joyce, 'An Examination of Motivation for Research on Family History', and Trevor Hill, 'Genealogy - Kinship Studies or Family History?' Genealogists Magazine, 25 (1997).
26. Louise Tilly, Politics and Class in Milan 1881-1901 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1992); Tessie Liu, The Weaver's Knot: The Contradictions of Class Struggle and Family Solidarity in Western France 1750-1919 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1994).
27. Louise Tilly, Politics and Class in Milan 1881-1901 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1992); Tessie Liu, The Weaver's Knot: The Contradictions of Class Struggle and Family Solidarity in Western France 1750-1919 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1994).
28. Robert Shoemaker, Gender in English Society 1650-1850: The Emergence of Separate Spheres? (Longman, London, 1998).
29. Anna Clark, The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class (Rivers Oram Press, London, 1995).
30. Ellen Ross, Love and Toil: Motherhood in Outcast London 1870-1918 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993).
31. John Tosh, A Man's Place: Masculinity and the Middle-class Home in Victorian England (Yale University Press, London, 1999).
32. For example, Michael Anderson's work has consistently sought to push the possibilities of demographic analyses in these directions; see 'The Social Implications of Demographic Change', in The Cambridge Social History of Britain 1750-1950, vol. 2, People and their Environment, ed. F. M. L. Thompson (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990).
33. David H. J. Morgan, Family Connections: An Introduction to Family Studies (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1996), pp. 193-7.
34. John Gillis, A World of Their Own Making.
35. Hugh Cunningham, The Children of the Poor: Representations of Childhood since the Seventeenth Century (Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1991 ), p. 17.
36. Anna Davin, Growing Up Poor: School and Street in London 1870-1914 (Rivers Oram Press, London, 1995); Diana Gittins, The Child in Question (Macmillan, London, 1997).
37. Anna Davin, Growing Up Poor: School and Street in London 1870-1914 (Rivers Oram Press, London, 1995); Diana Gittins, The Child in Question (Macmillan, London, 1997).
38. For example, R. Samuel and P. Thompson (eds), The Myths We Live By (Routledge, London, 1990); Joanna Bourke, Working Class Cultures in Britain 1890-1960, (Routledge, London, 1994); D. Bertaux and P. Thompson, Between Generations: Family Models, Myths and Memories (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993).
39. For example, R. Samuel and P. Thompson (eds), The Myths We Live By (Routledge, London, 1990); Joanna Bourke, Working Class Cultures in Britain 1890-1960, (Routledge, London, 1994); D. Bertaux and P. Thompson, Between Generations: Family Models, Myths and Memories (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993).
40. For example, R. Samuel and P. Thompson (eds), The Myths We Live By (Routledge, London, 1990); Joanna Bourke, Working Class Cultures in Britain 1890-1960, (Routledge, London, 1994); D. Bertaux and P. Thompson, Between Generations: Family Models, Myths and Memories (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993).
41. Seccombe, Weathering the Storm, p. 157.
42. John Gillis, For Better, For Worse: British Marriages, 1600 to the Present (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1985).
43. A. James Hammerton, Cruelty and Companionship: Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Married Life (Routledge, London, 1992); Shani d'Cruze, Crimes of Outrage: Sex, Violence and Victorian Working Women (UCL Press, London, 1998); Margaret Arnot, 'Infant Death, Child Care and the State: The Baby Farming Scandal and the First Infant Life Protection Legislation of 1872', in Continuity and Change, 9 (1994); Louise Jackson, 'Child Sexual Abuse and the Law: London 1870-1914', unpublished PhD, 1997.
44. A. James Hammerton, Cruelty and Companionship: Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Married Life (Routledge, London, 1992); Shani d'Cruze, Crimes of Outrage: Sex, Violence and Victorian Working Women (UCL Press, London, 1998); Margaret Arnot, 'Infant Death, Child Care and the State: The Baby Farming Scandal and the First Infant Life Protection Legislation of 1872', in Continuity and Change, 9 (1994); Louise Jackson, 'Child Sexual Abuse and the Law: London 1870-1914', unpublished PhD, 1997.
45. A. James Hammerton, Cruelty and Companionship: Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Married Life (Routledge, London, 1992); Shani d'Cruze, Crimes of Outrage: Sex, Violence and Victorian Working Women (UCL Press, London, 1998); Margaret Arnot, 'Infant Death, Child Care and the State: The Baby Farming Scandal and the First Infant Life Protection Legislation of 1872', in Continuity and Change, 9 (1994); Louise Jackson, 'Child Sexual Abuse and the Law: London 1870-1914', unpublished PhD, 1997.
46. A. James Hammerton, Cruelty and Companionship: Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Married Life (Routledge, London, 1992); Shani d'Cruze, Crimes of Outrage: Sex, Violence and Victorian Working Women (UCL Press, London, 1998); Margaret Arnot, 'Infant Death, Child Care and the State: The Baby Farming Scandal and the First Infant Life Protection Legislation of 1872', in Continuity and Change, 9 (1994); Louise Jackson, 'Child Sexual Abuse and the Law: London 1870-1914', unpublished PhD, 1997.
47. Margaret Forster, Hidden Lives: A Family Memoir (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1996).
48. Hilde Lindemann Nelson (ed.), Feminism and Families (Routledge, London, 1997), p. 2.