Against Russophobia

World Policy Journal

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 25-32

  Lieven, Anatol ^a  

^a CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040193582     PISSN: 07402775     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/07402775-2001-1004     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. See, for example, the attitudes toward Russia reflected in Ariel Cohen, Thomas Moore, John Hillen, John Sweeney, James Phillips, and James Przystup, "Making the World Safe for America," in Issues '96: The Candidate's Briefing Book (Washington, D.C., Heritage Foundation).
2. The classic study of this tradition remains John Howard Gleason, The Genesis of Russophobia in Great Britain: A Study of the Interaction of Policy and Opinion (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950).
3. A favorite example of mine - and one beloved of anti-Russian geopoliticians then and now - is captain Fred Burnaby, a British Guards officer who traveled extensively in the Ottoman Empire and Central Asia, and wrote some brilliantly vivid accounts of his experiences with a strongly anti-Russian cast. Burnaby was later killed fighting with a British expedition to the Sudan. What was he doing there, one may ask? Well, he was trying to introduce Christian civilization to the Sudanese with the help of the Maxim gun and the Martini-Henry rifle. This of course bore no relationship whatsoever in his own mind to Russia's introduction of Christian civilization in Central Asia with the help of slightly different brands of armaments. See his A Ride to Khiva, first published London 1877 (republished, London: Century Hutchinson, 1983).
4. Richard Pipes, "Russia's Past, Russia's Future," Commentary, June 1996. See also his "A Nation with One Foot Stuck in the Past," Sunday (London) Times, October 20, 1996. For a similar historicist view, see Mark Galeotti, The Age of Anxiety: Security and Politics in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia (New York: Longman, 1995), esp. pp.3-24.
5. Richard Pipes, "Russia's Past, Russia's Future," Commentary, June 1996. See also his "A Nation with One Foot Stuck in the Past," Sunday (London) Times, October 20, 1996. For a similar historicist view, see Mark Galeotti, The Age of Anxiety: Security and Politics in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia (New York: Longman, 1995), esp. pp.3-24.
6. Richard Pipes, "Russia's Past, Russia's Future," Commentary, June 1996. See also his "A Nation with One Foot Stuck in the Past," Sunday (London) Times, October 20, 1996. For a similar historicist view, see Mark Galeotti, The Age of Anxiety: Security and Politics in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia (New York: Longman, 1995), esp. pp.3-24.
7. For a milder version of such thinking, see Laurent Murawiec, "Putin's Precursors," The National Interest, no. 60 (summer 2000), in which the Putin regime is slotted into a desperately simplistic theory of a division between "Westernizers" and Slavophiles" that allegedly runs continuously from the eighteenth century through the era of the Soviet Union to the present.
8. Henry Kissinger, "Mission to Moscow: Clinton Must Lay the Groundwork for a New Relationship with Russia," Washington Post, May 15, 2000.
9. George Will, "Eastward-Ho - And Soon," Washington Post, June 13, 1996.
10. Interview with Gene Randall on CNN, February 26, 2000.
11. "The World Must Not Look Away," editorial, Los Angeles Times, September 19, 2000.
12. Maura Reynolds, "War Has No Rules for Russian Forces Fighting in Chechnya," and Robyn Dixon, "Chechnya's Grimmest Industry," Los Angeles Times, September 17 and 18, 2000, respectively.
13. Maura Reynolds, "War Has No Rules for Russian Forces Fighting in Chechnya," and Robyn Dixon, "Chechnya's Grimmest Industry," Los Angeles Times, September 17 and 18, 2000, respectively.
14. For the contrast between Brzezinski's approach to human rights abuses in Russia and in China, or in the states of Central Asia he wishes to turn into anti-Russian allies, see, for example, his testimony to the Senate Finance Committee's hearing on Trade Relations with China, July 9, 1998, or his interview in Cyber-Caravan: News and Analysis from Central Asia and the Caucasus, vol. 1, no. 2, February 18, 1998.
15. Dominic Lieven, Empire: The Russian Empire and Its Rivals (London: Macmillan, 2000).
16. See my essay, "Nightmare in the Caucasus," Washington Quarterly vol. 23 (winter 2000).
17. See Mark Bowden, Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1999).
18. "Russia and Its Neighbours: Frost and Friction," Economist, September 30, 2000.
19. See, for example, Konstantin Truyevtsev, "Ben Laden v Kontekste Chechni," Nezavisimaya Gazeta, November 30, 1999.
20. Owen Harries, "America Should Practice the Foreign Policy It Preaches," International Herald Tribune, August 24, 1999.