Complementing Kohlberg: Mapping the ethical reasoning used by managers for their own dilemma cases

Human Relations

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 23-49

  Snell, Robin Stanley ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Dilemmas; Ethical; Managers; Moral; Reasoning

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040155751     PISSN: 00187267     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/001872679604900102     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. ARGYRIS, C., & SCHON, D. Theory in practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974.
2. ARGYRIS, C. Reasoning, learning and action. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1982.
3. ARGYRIS, C. Overcoming organizational defenses: Facilitating organizational learning. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1990.
4. BASINGER, K. S., & GIBBS, J. C. Validation of the sociomoral reflection objective measure - Short form. Psychological Reports, 1987, 61, 139-146.
5. BLUM, L. A. Gilligan and Kohlberg: Implications for moral theory. Ethics, April 1988, 98, 472-491.
6. BOND, M. H. (Ed.). The psychology of the Chinese people. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
7. BURGOYNE, J. G., & HODGSON, V. E. Natural learning and managerial action: A phenomenological study in a field setting. Journal of Management Studies, 1983, 20(3), 387-401.
8. CHENG, S. W., & LEI, T. Performance of Taiwanese Students on Kohlberg's Moral Judgement Inventory. Paper presented at the IACCP-ICP Joint Asian Regional Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, August 1981.
9. CHERN, Y. H. Moral judgement development in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Education (Kaoshung Normal College), 1978, 98-159 (In Chinese).
10. COLBY, A., KOHLBERG, L., GIBBS, J., & LIEBERMAN, M. A Longitudinal Study of Moral Development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Series #200, 1983, 48(1,2), 1-107.
11. COLBY, A., & KOHLBERG, L. The measurement of moral judgement: Theoretical foundations and research validations and standard issue scoring manual (Vols. 1 and 2). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
12. DERRY, R. Moral reasoning in work-related conflicts. In W. C. Fredrick & L. E. Preston (Eds.), Business ethics: Research issues and empirical studies. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1991.
13. EASTERBY-SMITH, M. P. V., THORPE, R., & LOWE, A. Management research: An introduction. London: Sage Publications, 1991.
14. FISHER, D., MERRON, K., & TORBERT, W. R. Human development and managerial effectiveness. Group and Organization Studies, 1987, 12(3), 257-273.
15. FLANAGAN, J. C. The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 1954, 1, 327-358.
16. GIBBS, J. C., ARNOLD, K. D., MORGAN, R. L., SCHWARTZ, E. S., GAVAGHAN, M. P., & TAPPAN, M. B. Construction and validation of a multiple-choice measure of moral reasoning. Child Development, 1984, 55, 527-536.
17. GIBBS, J. C., & WIDAMAN, K. F. Social intelligence: Measuring the development of sociomoral reflection. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982.
18. GIBBS, J. C., BASINGER, K. S., & FULLER, R. Moral maturity: Measuring the development of sociomoral reflection. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992.
19. GILLIGAN, C. In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.
20. HIGGINS, A., & GORDON, F. Work climate and socio-moral development in two worker-owned companies (Chap. 10). In M. W. Berkovitz & F. Oser (Eds.), Moral education theory and application. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1985.
21. JACKALL, R. Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
22. KOHLBERG, L. The Development of Modes of Moral Thinking and Choice in the Years 10 to 16. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Chicago, University of Chicago, 1958.
23. KOHLBERG, L. Stage and sequence: The cognitive developmental approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin, (Eds.), Handbook of socialization theory and research. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969, pp. 347-480.
24. KOHLBERG, L. Continuities in childhood and adult moral development revisited. In P. B. Baltes & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Lifespan developmental psychology: Personality and socialization. New York: Academic Press, 1973.
25. KOHLBERG, L. Essays on moral development. Volume one: The philosophy of moral development. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981.
26. KOHLBERG, L., LEVINE, C., & HEWER, A. Moral stages: A current formulation and a response to critics. New York: Karger, Basel, 1983.
27. KOHLBERG, L., & RYNCARZ, R. A. Beyond justice reasoning: Moral development and consideration of a seventh stage. (Chap. 8). In C. N. Alexander, and E. J. Langer (Eds.), Higher stages of human development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
28. LAU, S-K., & KUAN, H-C. The ethos of the Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1988.
29. MACLAGAN, P. W. The concept of responsibility: Some implications for organizational behaviour and development. Journal of Management Studies, 1983, 20(4), 411-423.
30. MACLAGAN, P. W. Moral behaviour in organizations: The contribution of management education and development. British Journal of Management, 1990, 1(1), 17-26.
31. MACLAGAN, P. W. From moral ideals to moral action: Lessons for management development. Management Education and Development, 1991, 22(1), 3-14. (a)
32. MACLAGAN, P. W. "Having" and "being" in organizations. Management Education and Development, 1991, 22(3), 234-241. (b)
33. MACLAGAN, P. W. Some Thoughts on Individuals' Moral Development in Business Organizations. Paper presented at the Tokyo Conference, The ethics of business in a global economy. Institute of Moralogy, Chiba, Japan, September 10-12, 1991. Paper available from School of Management, University of Hull. (c)
34. MACLAGAN, P. W., & SNELL, R. S. Some implications for management development of research into managers' moral dilemmas. British Journal of Management, 1992, 3(3), 157-168.
35. MADSEN, R. Morality and power in a Chinese village. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
36. McGUIRE, J. W. Managerial motivation and ideology. In W. C. Frederick & L. E. Preston (Eds.), Business ethics: Research issues and empirical studies. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1991.
37. RAELIN, J. A. The Persean ethic: Consistency of belief and action in managerial practice. Human Relations, 1993, 46(5), 575-621.
38. REDDING, S. G. (1990). The spirit of Chinese capitalism. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1990.
39. REST, J. Development in judging moral issues. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1979.
40. REST, J. Morality. In J. Flavel & E. Markman (Eds.), Cognitive development volume 3. In P. Mussen (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology. New York: Wiley, 1983.
41. ROKEACH, M. Beliefs, attitudes and values. New York: Free Press, 1973.
42. SANDERS, P. Phenomenology: A new way of viewing organizational research. Academy of Management Review, 1982, 7(3) 353-360.
43. SCHWARTZ, H. Narcissistic process and corporate decay. New York: New York University, 1990.
44. SMITH, R. The Chinese Road to Capitalism. New Left Review, May-June 1993, 799, 55-99.
45. SNELL, R. S. Developing skills for ethical management. London: Chapman & Hall, 1993.
46. SNELL, R. S., & MACLAGAN, P. W. Towards a Diagnostic Instrument to Facilitate Managers' Moral Development. Conference proceedings, Business ethics - Contributing to business success, Sheffield, Sheffield Business School, April 23-24, 1992.
47. SOPER, K. Postmodernism, subjectivity and the question of value. New Left Review, March-April 1991, 186.
48. TOFFLER, B. L. Tough choices: Managers talk ethics. Chichester: Wiley, 1986.
49. TREVINO, L. K. Ethical decision making in organizations: A person-situation interaetionist model. Academy of Management Review, 1986, 11(3), 601-617.
50. TREVINO, L. K., & YOUNGBLOOD, S. A. Bad apples in bad barrels: A causal analysis of ethical decision-making behaviour. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1990, 75, 378-385.
51. TREVINO, L. K. Moral reasoning and business ethics: Implications for research, education, and management. Journal of Business Ethics, 1992, 11, 445-459.
52. WATERS, J. A. Integrity management: Learning and implementing ethical principles in the workplace. In S. Srivastva et al., (Eds.), Executive integrity: The search for high human values in organizational life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1988.
53. WATERS, J. A., BIRD, F., & CHANT, P. D. Everyday moral issues experienced by managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 1986, 5, 373-384.
54. WEBER, J. Managers' moral reasoning: Assessing their responses to three moral dilemmas. Human Relations, 1990, 43(7), 687-702.
55. WEBER, J. Adapting Kohlberg to enhance the assessment of managers' moral reasoning. Business Ethics Quarterly, 1991, 1(3), 293-318.
56. WEBER, J. Exploring the relationship between personal values and moral reasoning. Human Relations, 1993, 46(4), 435-463.