Which communications revolution is it, anyway?

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 75, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 9-13

  Stephens, Mitchell ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0040094199     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769909807500103     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. G. R. Driver, Semitic Writing: From Pictograph to Alphabet (London: British Academy, 1976), 2-3; Raymond Williams, ed., Contact: Human Communication and Its History (London: Thames and Hudson, 1981), 112-13.
2. G. R. Driver, Semitic Writing: From Pictograph to Alphabet (London: British Academy, 1976), 2-3; Raymond Williams, ed., Contact: Human Communication and Its History (London: Thames and Hudson, 1981), 112-13.
3. It would be interesting to attempt a similar analysis of the development of printing where it originated: in China.
4. Some would count earlier prose romances in Europe and elsewhere as novels; some would not count Don Quixote; see Richard M. Eastman, A Guide to the Novel (San Francisco: Chandler, 1965). My point is not much affected by this dispute. Perhaps the novel had an even longer infancy; perhaps it was even longer in the womb. Either way it was quite slow in developing.
5. Mitchell Stephens, A History of News (Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1997).
6. Our understanding of this point begins, of course, with the work of Marshall McLuhan.
7. Lucien Febvre and Henri-Jean Martin, The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing, 1450-1800, trans. by David Gerard (London, 1976), 77; see Charles Beaulieux, "Manuscripts et Imprimés en France, XVe-XVIe Siècle," in Mélanges Offerts a Émile Chatelain (Paris: 1910), 53.
8. Lucien Febvre and Henri-Jean Martin, The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing, 1450-1800, trans. by David Gerard (London, 1976), 77; see Charles Beaulieux, "Manuscripts et Imprimés en France, XVe-XVIe Siècle," in Mélanges Offerts a Émile Chatelain (Paris: 1910), 53.
9. Jonathan J. G. Alexander, ed., The Painted Page: Italian Renaissance Book Illumination, 1450-1550 (NY: Prestel, 1995), 36, 78; Febvre and Martin, 26, 57, 79-80.
10. Febvre and Martin, The Coming of the Book, 249, 255.
11. Marshall McLuhan, Gutenberg Galaxy (Toronto: Button, 1992), 254.
12. Alexander Pope, Selected Poetry and Prose, ed. William K. Wimsatt, 2d ed. (NY: 1972), 439.
13. Febvre and Martin, The Coming of the Book, 30; see Johannes Trithemius, In Praise of Scribes, ed. Klaus Arnold (Lawrence, KS: Coronado Press, 1974), 63.
14. Febvre and Martin, The Coming of the Book, 30; see Johannes Trithemius, In Praise of Scribes, ed. Klaus Arnold (Lawrence, KS: Coronado Press, 1974), 63.
15. Henry Petroski, The Pencil: A History of Design and Circumstance (NY: Knopf, 1990), 178-79.
16. See William Chase Greene, "The Spoken and the Written Word," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 60 (1951): 23-59.
17. The Philosophical Works of Francis Bacon, ed. John M. Robertson (Freeport, NY: Ayer, 1970), 300.
18. Gary Wolf, "Steve Jobs: The Next Insanely Great Thing," Wired, February 1996.
19. Statistics from John Carey, "The Interactive Television Puzzle," Technology Paper, Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, 1994, based on information from the Electronic Industries Association and the United States Department of Commerce. Some limited commercial television operations had flickered to life, using sets that "would soon be museum pieces," before the United States entered World War II; Erik Barnouw, Tube of Plenty: The Evolution of American Television (NY: Oxford, 1990). Carey chooses 1947 as the first full year of the introduction of full-scale commercial television.
20. Statistics from John Carey, "The Interactive Television Puzzle," Technology Paper, Freedom Forum Media Studies Center, 1994, based on information from the Electronic Industries Association and the United States Department of Commerce. Some limited commercial television operations had flickered to life, using sets that "would soon be museum pieces," before the United States entered World War II; Erik Barnouw, Tube of Plenty: The Evolution of American Television (NY: Oxford, 1990). Carey chooses 1947 as the first full year of the introduction of full-scale commercial television.
21. These international figures are from a study coordinated by Roper Starch Worldwide, cosponsored by the Discovery Channel, in 1995; see also, Robert Kubey and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Television and the Quality of Life: How Viewing Shapes Everyday Experience (Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum and Assoc., 1990), xi.
22. Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, "Encounter with the Printed Text in the Age of Incunabula" (lecture at the City University of New York Graduate Center, 19 April 1996).
23. Rabelais, "Letter to Pantagruel," book II, chapter VII.