메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 59-66

Dominance, diversity and grazing in tallgrass restoration: Ecology has much to contribute to debates over the role of grazing in restoration - and much to learn from the results of experiments in restorative grazing

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0040017976     PISSN: 15434060     EISSN: 15434079     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0000091710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing the conceptual basis for restoration
    • Allen, E. B., W. W. Covington, and D. A. Falk. 1997. Developing the conceptual basis for restoration. Restoration Ecology 5:275-276.
    • (1997) Restoration Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 275-276
    • Allen, E.B.1    Covington, W.W.2    Falk, D.A.3
  • 2
    • 0028994975 scopus 로고
    • Herbivore-induced species replacement in grasslands: Is it driven by herbivory tolerance or avoidance?
    • Anderson, V. J. and D. D. Briske. 1995. Herbivore-induced species replacement in grasslands: Is it driven by herbivory tolerance or avoidance? Ecological Applications 5:1014-1024.
    • (1995) Ecological Applications , vol.5 , pp. 1014-1024
    • Anderson, V.J.1    Briske, D.D.2
  • 3
    • 51849180749 scopus 로고
    • Rise of the grassland biome, Central North America
    • Axelrod, D. I. 1985. Rise of the grassland biome, Central North America. Botanical Review 51:163-201
    • (1985) Botanical Review , vol.51 , pp. 163-201
    • Axelrod, D.I.1
  • 6
    • 84986797928 scopus 로고
    • Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities
    • Belsky, A. J. 1992. Effects of grazing, competition, disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities. Journal of Vegetation Science 3:187-200.
    • (1992) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.3 , pp. 187-200
    • Belsky, A.J.1
  • 7
    • 0039513702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer browsing impacts at thorn creek woods nature preserve and goodenow grove forest preserve, Will county, Illinois
    • Unpublished
    • Bowles, M., T. Bell, and J. McBride. 1996. Deer browsing impacts at Thorn Creek Woods Nature Preserve and Goodenow Grove Forest Preserve, Will County, Illinois. Report to the Forest Preserve District of Will County. Unpublished.
    • (1996) Report to the Forest Preserve District of Will County
    • Bowles, M.1    Bell, T.2    McBride, J.3
  • 8
    • 0039513700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flower production inside and outside deer exclosures at thorn creek woods nature preserve and goodenough grove forest preserve, Will county, Illinois
    • Unpublished
    • Bowles, M., T. Bell, and J. McBride. 1997. Flower production inside and outside deer exclosures at Thorn Creek Woods Nature Preserve and Goodenough Grove Forest Preserve, Will County, Illinois. Report to the Forest Preserve District of Will County. Unpublished.
    • (1997) Report to the Forest Preserve District of Will County
    • Bowles, M.1    Bell, T.2    McBride, J.3
  • 9
    • 0028994934 scopus 로고
    • Effects of foraging behavior and spatial scale on diet selectivity: A test with fox squirrels
    • Brown, J. S. and R. A. Morgan. 1995. Effects of foraging behavior and spatial scale on diet selectivity: a test with fox squirrels. Oikos 74:122-136.
    • (1995) Oikos , vol.74 , pp. 122-136
    • Brown, J.S.1    Morgan, R.A.2
  • 10
    • 0028179911 scopus 로고
    • Directions in conservation biology
    • Caughley, G. 1992. Directions in conservation biology. Journal of Animal Ecology 63:215-244.
    • (1992) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 215-244
    • Caughley, G.1
  • 11
    • 0023518845 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of disturbances in tallgrass prairie: A field experiment
    • Collins, S. L. 1987. Interaction of disturbances in tallgrass prairie: a field experiment. Ecology 68:1243-1250.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1243-1250
    • Collins, S.L.1
  • 12
    • 0017806329 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs
    • Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199: 1302-1310.
    • (1978) Science , vol.199 , pp. 1302-1310
    • Connell, J.H.1
  • 13
    • 0026565050 scopus 로고
    • Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the richness of ecological communities: A theoretical perspective
    • Cornell, H. V. and J. Lawton. 1992. Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the richness of ecological communities: A theoretical perspective. Journal of Animal Ecology 61:1-12.
    • (1992) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.61 , pp. 1-12
    • Cornell, H.V.1    Lawton, J.2
  • 15
    • 0002647120 scopus 로고
    • Climatic instability, time lags, and community disequilibrium
    • J. Diamond and T. J. Case, Editors. Harper & Row, New York
    • Davis, M. B. 1986. Climatic instability, time lags, and community disequilibrium. Pages 269-284 in J. Diamond and T. J. Case, Editors. Community ecology. Harper & Row, New York.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 269-284
    • Davis, M.B.1
  • 16
    • 0002639864 scopus 로고
    • Tertiary prairie grasses and other herbs from the High Plains
    • Elias, M. K. 1942. Tertiary prairie grasses and other herbs from the High Plains. Geological Society of America Special Paper 41:1-176
    • (1942) Geological Society of America Special Paper , vol.41 , pp. 1-176
    • Elias, M.K.1
  • 17
    • 0008260607 scopus 로고
    • On the ecology of the vegetation of Breckland, IL general effects of rabbits on the vegetation
    • Farrow, E. Pickworth. 1917. On the ecology of the vegetation of Breckland, IL General effects of rabbits on the vegetation. Journal of Ecology 5:1-18.
    • (1917) Journal of Ecology , vol.5 , pp. 1-18
    • Farrow, E.P.1
  • 18
    • 0028163499 scopus 로고
    • The biogeochemistry of a north-temperate grassland with native ungulates: Nitrogen dynamics in Yellowstone National Park
    • Frank, D. A., R.S. Inouye, N. Huntly G. W. Minshall, and J. E. Anderson. 1994. The biogeochemistry of a north-temperate grassland with native ungulates: nitrogen dynamics in Yellowstone National Park. Biogeochemistry 26:163-188.
    • (1994) Biogeochemistry , vol.26 , pp. 163-188
    • Frank, D.A.1    Inouye, R.S.2    Huntly, N.3    Minshall, G.W.4    Anderson, J.E.5
  • 19
    • 0027867925 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production by native large herbivores in Yellowstone National Park
    • Frank, D.A. and S. J. McNaughton. 1993. Evidence for the promotion of aboveground grassland production by native large herbivores in Yellowstone National Park. Oecologia 96:157-161.
    • (1993) Oecologia , vol.96 , pp. 157-161
    • Frank, D.A.1    McNaughton, S.J.2
  • 20
  • 21
    • 0002888418 scopus 로고
    • Response of mammalian communities to environmental changes during the late quarternary
    • J. Diamond and T.J. Case, editors. Harper and Row, New York
    • Graham, R. W. 1986. Response of mammalian communities to environmental changes during the late Quarternary. Pp. 300-313 in J. Diamond and T.J. Case, editors. Community ecology. Harper and Row, New York.
    • (1986) Community Ecology , pp. 300-313
    • Graham, R.W.1
  • 23
    • 0029660725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bison grazing, fire, and topography on floristic diversity in tallgrass prairie
    • Hartnett, D. C., K. R. Hickman, and L. E. Rischer Walter. 1996. Effects of bison grazing, fire, and topography on floristic diversity in tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management 49:413-420.
    • (1996) Journal of Range Management , vol.49 , pp. 413-420
    • Hartnett, D.C.1    Hickman, K.R.2    Rischer Walter, L.E.3
  • 25
    • 0000681057 scopus 로고
    • Species preference of Hereford and Santa Bertrudis cattle on southern New Mexico range
    • Herbel, C. H. and A. B. Nelson. 1966. Species preference of Hereford and Santa Bertrudis cattle on southern New Mexico range. Journal of Range Management 35:177-181.
    • (1966) Journal of Range Management , vol.35 , pp. 177-181
    • Herbel, C.H.1    Nelson, A.B.2
  • 27
    • 0001871925 scopus 로고
    • Lightning fires in North Dakota grasslands and in pine-savanna lands of South Dakota and Montana
    • Higgins, K. F. 1984. Lightning fires in North Dakota grasslands and in pine-savanna lands of South Dakota and Montana. Journal of Range Management, 37: 100-103.
    • (1984) Journal of Range Management , vol.37 , pp. 100-103
    • Higgins, K.F.1
  • 28
    • 0030417343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of ecosystems by ungulates
    • Hobbs, N. T. 1996. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:695-713.
    • (1996) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.60 , pp. 695-713
    • Hobbs, N.T.1
  • 29
    • 0026313217 scopus 로고
    • Fire and grazing in the tallgrass prairie: Contingent effects on nitrogen budgets
    • Hobbs, N. T., D. S. Schimel, C. E. Owensby, and D. S. Ojima. 1991. Fire and grazing in the tallgrass prairie: contingent effects on nitrogen budgets. Ecology 72:1374-1382.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 1374-1382
    • Hobbs, N.T.1    Schimel, D.S.2    Owensby, C.E.3    Ojima, D.S.4
  • 30
    • 0028163209 scopus 로고
    • Managing species diversity in tallgrass prairies: Assumptions and implications
    • Howe, H. F. 1994a. Managing species diversity in tallgrass prairies: Assumptions and implications. Conservation Biology 8:691-704.
    • (1994) Conservation Biology , vol.8 , pp. 691-704
    • Howe, H.F.1
  • 31
    • 0028180821 scopus 로고
    • Response of early-and late-flowering plants to fire season in experimental prairies
    • Howe, H. F. 1994b. Response of early-and late-flowering plants to fire season in experimental prairies. Ecological Applications 4:121-133.
    • (1994) Ecological Applications , vol.4 , pp. 121-133
    • Howe, H.F.1
  • 32
    • 0028978314 scopus 로고
    • Succession and fire season in experimental prairie plantings
    • Howe, H. F. 1995. Succession and fire season in experimental prairie plantings. Ecology 76:1917-1925.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1917-1925
    • Howe, H.F.1
  • 33
    • 0033007776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of Zizia aurea to seasonal mowing and fire in a restored prairie
    • In press
    • Howe, H. F. 1999. Response of Zizia aurea to seasonal mowing and fire in a restored prairie. American Midland Naturalist. In press.
    • (1999) American Midland Naturalist
    • Howe, H.F.1
  • 35
    • 0032820519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of birds and rodents on synthetic tallgrass communities
    • In press
    • Howe, H. F. and J. S. Brown. 1999. Effects of birds and rodents on synthetic tallgrass communities. Ecology. In press.
    • (1999) Ecology
    • Howe, H.F.1    Brown, J.S.2
  • 38
    • 37049178830 scopus 로고
    • Tree dispersion, abundance, and diversity in a tropical dry forest
    • Hubbell, S. P. 1979. Tree dispersion, abundance, and diversity in a tropical dry forest. Science 213:1299-1309.
    • (1979) Science , vol.213 , pp. 1299-1309
    • Hubbell, S.P.1
  • 39
    • 0003130122 scopus 로고
    • Diversity of canopy trees in a neotropical forest and implications for conservation
    • S. L. Sutton, T. C. Whitmore, and A. C. Chadwick, Editors. Blackwell Scientific, London
    • Hubbell, S. P. and R. B. Foster. 1983. Diversity of canopy trees in a neotropical forest and implications for conservation. Pages 25-41 in S. L. Sutton, T. C. Whitmore, and A. C. Chadwick, Editors. Tropical rain forest: Ecology and Management. Blackwell Scientific, London.
    • (1983) Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management , pp. 25-41
    • Hubbell, S.P.1    Foster, R.B.2
  • 40
    • 0023469653 scopus 로고
    • Effects of refuging consumers (pikas: Ochotoma princeps) on subalpine vegetation
    • Huntly, N. 1987. Effects of refuging consumers (pikas: Ochotoma princeps) on subalpine vegetation. Ecology 68:274-283.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 274-283
    • Huntly, N.1
  • 41
    • 0026395612 scopus 로고
    • Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems
    • Huntly, N. 1991. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 22:477-504.
    • (1991) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.22 , pp. 477-504
    • Huntly, N.1
  • 42
    • 0001942144 scopus 로고
    • A general hypothesis of species diversity
    • Huston, M. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. American Naturalist 113: 81-101.
    • (1979) American Naturalist , vol.113 , pp. 81-101
    • Huston, M.1
  • 43
    • 85041145819 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Huston, M. A. 1994. Biological Diversity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Biological Diversity
    • Huston, M.A.1
  • 44
    • 0020451088 scopus 로고
    • Brunhes-Matuyma magnetic reversal dated at 790,000 years B. P. by marine-astronomical correlation
    • Johnson, R. G. 1982. Brunhes-Matuyma magnetic reversal dated at 790,000 years B. P. by marine-astronomical correlation. Quaternary Research 17:135-147.
    • (1982) Quaternary Research , vol.17 , pp. 135-147
    • Johnson, R.G.1
  • 45
    • 69549101531 scopus 로고
    • Restoration ecology: Ecological restoration as a technique for basic research
    • W. R. Jordan III, M. E. Gilpin, and J. D. Aber, editors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Jordan, W. R. III, M. E. Gilpin, and J. D. Aber. 1987. Restoration ecology: ecological restoration as a technique for basic research. Pages 3-22 In W. R. Jordan III, M. E. Gilpin, and J. D. Aber, editors. Restoration ecology: a synthetic approach to ecological research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1987) Restoration Ecology: A Synthetic Approach to Ecological Research , pp. 3-22
    • Jordan W.R. III1    Gilpin, M.E.2    Aber, J.D.3
  • 47
    • 0000257706 scopus 로고
    • Detritus accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie
    • Knapp, A. K. and T. R. Seastedt. 1986. Detritus accumulation limits productivity of tallgrass prairie. Bioscience 36:662-668.
    • (1986) Bioscience , vol.36 , pp. 662-668
    • Knapp, A.K.1    Seastedt, T.R.2
  • 48
    • 0011473022 scopus 로고
    • Columbia University Press, New York
    • Kurten, B. 1971. The age of mammals. Columbia University Press, New York.
    • (1971) The Age of Mammals
    • Kurten, B.1
  • 51
  • 53
    • 0001577967 scopus 로고
    • Variables influencing food habits of white-tailed deer on the George reserve
    • McCullough, D. R. 1985. Variables influencing food habits of white-tailed deer on the George Reserve. Journal of Mammalogy 66:682-692.
    • (1985) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.66 , pp. 682-692
    • McCullough, D.R.1
  • 54
    • 0002032030 scopus 로고
    • Serengeti migratory wildebeest: Facilitation of energy flow by grazing
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1976. Serengeti migratory wildebeest: facilitation of energy flow by grazing. Science 191: 445-467.
    • (1976) Science , vol.191 , pp. 445-467
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 55
    • 0000754269 scopus 로고
    • Serengeti grassland ecology: The role of composite environmental factors and contingency in community organization
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1983. Serengeti grassland ecology: the role of composite environmental factors and contingency in community organization. Ecological Monographs 53:291-320.
    • (1983) Ecological Monographs , vol.53 , pp. 291-320
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 56
    • 0021557847 scopus 로고
    • Grazing lawns: Animals in herds, plant form, and coevolution
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1984. Grazing lawns: animals in herds, plant form, and coevolution. American Naturalist 124:863-886.
    • (1984) American Naturalist , vol.124 , pp. 863-886
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 57
    • 0000754275 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: The Serengeti
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: the Serengeti. Ecological Monographs 53:291-330.
    • (1985) Ecological Monographs , vol.53 , pp. 291-330
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 58
    • 0001866136 scopus 로고
    • Grasses and grazers, science and management
    • McNaughton, S. J. 1993. Grasses and grazers, science and management. Ecological Applications 3:17-20.
    • (1993) Ecological Applications , vol.3 , pp. 17-20
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 59
    • 0030698729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by African grazers
    • McNaughton, S. J., F. F. Banyikwa, and M. M. McNaughton. 1997. Promotion of the cycling of diet-enhancing nutrients by African grazers. Science 278:1798-1800.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1798-1800
    • McNaughton, S.J.1    Banyikwa, F.F.2    McNaughton, M.M.3
  • 60
    • 0024254783 scopus 로고
    • A generalized model of the effects of grazing by large herbivores on grassland community structure
    • Milchunas, D. G., O. E. Sala, and W. K. Lauenroth. 1988. A generalized model of the effects of grazing by large herbivores on grassland community structure. American Naturalist 132:87-106.
    • (1988) American Naturalist , vol.132 , pp. 87-106
    • Milchunas, D.G.1    Sala, O.E.2    Lauenroth, W.K.3
  • 61
    • 0027332466 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments
    • Milchunas, D. G. and W. K. Laurenroth. 1993. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecological Monographs 63:327-366.
    • (1993) Ecological Monographs , vol.63 , pp. 327-366
    • Milchunas, D.G.1    Laurenroth, W.K.2
  • 62
    • 0001292689 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of white-tailed deer on endangered and threatened vascular plants
    • Miller, S. G., S. P. Bratton, and J. Hadidian. 1992. Impacts of white-tailed deer on endangered and threatened vascular plants. Natural Areas Journal 12:67-74.
    • (1992) Natural Areas Journal , vol.12 , pp. 67-74
    • Miller, S.G.1    Bratton, S.P.2    Hadidian, J.3
  • 63
    • 0031839679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of mortality in a Colorado Desert plant community
    • Miriti, M. N., H.F. Howe, and S.J. Wright. 1998. Spatial patterns of mortality in a Colorado Desert plant community. Plant Ecology 36: 41-51.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.36 , pp. 41-51
    • Miriti, M.N.1    Howe, H.F.2    Wright, S.J.3
  • 64
    • 0038921267 scopus 로고
    • The changing climate
    • Geophysics study committee, Editor. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C.
    • Mitchell, J. M. Jr. 1977. The changing climate. Pages 51-58 In Geophysics study committee, Editor. Energy and climate. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C.
    • (1977) Energy and Climate , pp. 51-58
    • Mitchell J.M., Jr.1
  • 65
    • 0030613839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of spatial scale on the functional response of fox squirrels
    • Morgan, R. A., J. S. Brown, and J. M. Thorson. 1997. The effect of spatial scale on the functional response of fox squirrels. Ecology 78:1087-1097.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1087-1097
    • Morgan, R.A.1    Brown, J.S.2    Thorson, J.M.3
  • 67
  • 68
    • 0003144584 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of man's impact on plant species diversity
    • W. Holzner, M. J. A. Werger, and I. Ikusima (editors), Dr. W. Junk, The Hague
    • Peet, R. K., D. C. Glenn Lewin, and J. Walker Wolf. 1983. Prediction of man's impact on plant species diversity. Pages 41-54 In W. Holzner, M. J. A. Werger, and I. Ikusima (editors), Man's impact on vegetation. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.
    • (1983) Man's Impact on Vegetation , pp. 41-54
    • Peet, R.K.1    Glenn Lewin, D.C.2    Walker Wolf, J.3
  • 70
    • 0032406571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems
    • Proulx, M. and A. Mazumder. 1998. Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems. Ecology 79:2581-2592.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2581-2592
    • Proulx, M.1    Mazumder, A.2
  • 71
    • 0002763259 scopus 로고
    • Seven forms of rarity and their frequency in the flora of the British Isles
    • M. Soule, editor, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts
    • Rabinowitz, D., S. Cairns, and T. Dillon. 1986. Seven forms of rarity and their frequency in the flora of the British Isles. Pages 182-204 in M. Soule, editor, Conservation Biology. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
    • (1986) Conservation Biology , pp. 182-204
    • Rabinowitz, D.1    Cairns, S.2    Dillon, T.3
  • 73
    • 0029668174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patch assessment in fox squirrels: The role of resource density, patch size, and patch boundaries
    • Schmidt, K. A. and J. S. Brown. 1996. Patch assessment in fox squirrels: the role of resource density, patch size, and patch boundaries. American Naturalist 147:360-380.
    • (1996) American Naturalist , vol.147 , pp. 360-380
    • Schmidt, K.A.1    Brown, J.S.2
  • 74
    • 0021581430 scopus 로고
    • Holocene mammalian biogeography and climatic change in the eastern and central United States
    • H. E. Wright, Jr., Editor. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
    • Semken, H. A. Jr. 1983. Holocene mammalian biogeography and climatic change in the eastern and central United States. Pages 182-207 in H. E. Wright, Jr., Editor. Late-Quaternary environments of the United States. Vol. 2. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
    • (1983) Late-quaternary Environments of the United States , vol.2 , pp. 182-207
    • Semken H.A., Jr.1
  • 76
    • 0002176677 scopus 로고
    • C3/ C4 production shift on seasonal burns - Northern mixed prairie
    • Steuter, A. A. 1987. C3/ C4 production shift on seasonal burns - Northern Mixed Prairie. Journal of Range Management 40:27-31.
    • (1987) Journal of Range Management , vol.40 , pp. 27-31
    • Steuter, A.A.1
  • 77
    • 0007409255 scopus 로고
    • A synthesis approach to research and management planning: The conceptual development and implementation
    • Steuter, A. A., C. E. Grygiel, and M. E. Biondini. 1990. A synthesis approach to research and management planning: the conceptual development and implementation. Natural Areas Journal 10:61-68.
    • (1990) Natural Areas Journal , vol.10 , pp. 61-68
    • Steuter, A.A.1    Grygiel, C.E.2    Biondini, M.E.3
  • 78
    • 0000598984 scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer browsing: Species preferences and implications for central Illinois forests
    • Strole, T. A. and R. C. Anderson. 1992. White-tailed deer browsing: species preferences and implications for central Illinois Forests. Natural Areas Journal 12:139-144.
    • (1992) Natural Areas Journal , vol.12 , pp. 139-144
    • Strole, T.A.1    Anderson, R.C.2
  • 79
    • 0024882720 scopus 로고
    • Impacts of white-tailed deer on forest regeneration in northwestern Pennsylvania
    • Tighlman, N. G. 1989. Impacts of white-tailed deer on forest regeneration in northwestern Pennsylvania. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:524-532.
    • (1989) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.53 , pp. 524-532
    • Tighlman, N.G.1
  • 80
    • 0023508771 scopus 로고
    • Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients
    • Tilman, D. 1987. Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients. Ecological Monographs 57: 189-214.
    • (1987) Ecological Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 189-214
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 81
    • 0002088413 scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of fire, bison (Bison bison) grazing and plant community composition on tallgrass prairie
    • Vinton, M. A., D. C. Hartnett, E. J. Finck, and J. M. Briggs. 1993. Interactive effects of fire, bison (Bison bison) grazing and plant community composition on tallgrass prairie. American Midland Naturalist 129:10-18.
    • (1993) American Midland Naturalist , vol.129 , pp. 10-18
    • Vinton, M.A.1    Hartnett, D.C.2    Finck, E.J.3    Briggs, J.M.4
  • 83
    • 0003160449 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the late Miocene ungulate fauna in North America
    • M. H. Nitecki, Editor, University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Webb, S. D. 1983. The rise and fall of the late Miocene ungulate fauna in North America. Pages 267-306 in M. H. Nitecki, Editor, Coevolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1983) Coevolution , pp. 267-306
    • Webb, S.D.1
  • 84
    • 0021632089 scopus 로고
    • Ten million years of extinctions in North America
    • P. S. Martin and R. G. Klein, Editors. University of Arizona Press, Tucson
    • Webb, S. D. 1984. Ten million years of extinctions in North America. Pages 189-210 IN P. S. Martin and R. G. Klein, Editors. Quaternary extinctions: A prehistoric revolution. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
    • (1984) Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution , pp. 189-210
    • Webb, S.D.1
  • 85
    • 0002178133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient cycling in grasslands: An ecologists perspective
    • R. E. Joost and C. A. Roberts, Editors. Potash and Phosphate Institute, Manhattan, KS
    • Wedin, D. 1996. Nutrient cycling in grasslands: An ecologists perspective. Pages 29-44 IN R. E. Joost and C. A. Roberts, Editors. Nutrient Cycling in Forage Systems. Potash and Phosphate Institute, Manhattan, KS.
    • (1996) Nutrient Cycling in Forage Systems , pp. 29-44
    • Wedin, D.1
  • 86
    • 0029849624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands
    • Wedin, D. A. and D. Tilman. 1996. Influence of nitrogen loading and species composition on the carbon balance of grasslands. Science 274:1720-1723.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1720-1723
    • Wedin, D.A.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 89
    • 0029788043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of breed on botanical composition of cattle diets on Chihuahuan desert range
    • Winder, J.A., D.A. Walker, and C. C. Bailey. 1996. Effect of breed on botanical composition of cattle diets on Chihuahuan desert range. Journal of Range Management 49:209-181
    • (1996) Journal of Range Management , vol.49 , pp. 209-1181
    • Winder, J.A.1    Walker, D.A.2    Bailey, C.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.