Structure of wood

Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 228-231

  Vincent, Julian Fv ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039992344     PISSN: 13590286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-0286(98)80095-8     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. Persson K. Modelling of wood mechanical properties by a micromechanical approach. Report TVSM-3020. 1997;University of Lund, Lund, There are at least two other groups which are developing models of the mechanical behaviour of wood from the starting point of the properties of lignin and cellulose in the cell wall. This thesis is the first published material on this topic. All the approaches seem similar; however, perhaps this one has a more idealised model for the arrangement and shape of the cells.
2. Zhang S.Y. Wood specific gravity mechanical property relationship at species level. Wood Sci Tech. 31:1997;181-191.
3. Cave I.D. Theory of X-ray measurement of microfibril angle in wood. 1. The condition for reflection X-ray diffraction by materials with fibre type symmetry. Wood Sci Tech. 31:1997;143-152.
4. Cave I.D. Theory of X-ray measurement of microfibril angle in wood. 2. The diffraction diagram - X-ray diffraction by materials with fibre type symmetry. Wood Sci Tech. 31:1997;225-234.
5. Prodhan A, Aunada R, Ohtani J, Abe H, Fukazawa K. Orientation of microfibrils and microtubules in developing tension wood fibers of Japanese ash (Fraxinus mandshurica varjaponica). Planta. 196:1995;577-585.
6. Wegst U.G.K. The mechanical properties of natural materials [PhD Thesis]. 1996;Cambridge University, Cambridge, Parts of this thesis have been published in conjunction with MF Ashby. However, the analysis of performance of wooden structures has not been published and this thesis is a prime exemplar of the superiority of wood-based materials, and especially bamboo, for their mechanical performance. Topics covered are rowing oar, high-jump pole, bows (for arrows and violins) and the design parameters for bamboo as a structural material.
7. Persson K, Petersson H, Stefansson F. Cell structure modelling for determination of mechanical properties of wood. Jeronimidis G, Vincent J.F.V. Proceedings of the II Conference on Plant Biomechanics; Reading. 1997;171-177. Reading.
8. Wimmer R, Lucas B.N. Comparing mechanical properties of secondary wall and cell corner middle lamella in spruce wood. IAWA J. 18:1997;77-88.
9. Wimmer R, Lucas B.N., Tsui T.Y., Oliver WC. Longitudinal hardness and Young's modulus of spruce tracheid secondary walls using nanoindentation technique. Wood Sci Tech. 31:1997;131-141.
10. Petersson H. Fracture mechanics - an integral view from micro- to macro-structure. Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Wood Mechanics. 1996;511-528.
11. Lucas P.W., Tan H.T.W., Cheng P.Y. The toughness of secondary cell wall and woody tissue. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B. 352:1997;341-352 This is one of a number of papers by Lucas developing the use of scissors to measure fracture properties. The test is deceptively simple and very reliable. The mode of fracture is closely controlled (out-of-plane shearing - commonly performed as a trouser-tear test) so the technique is 'respectable' although not widely used. It has the great advantages that it can be carried out on small specimens, that there is little or no spare strain energy in other parts of the specimen, and that the specimen requires very little preparation for the test. This also means that specimens which would normally defeat tensile fracture testing with the impossibility of mounting can be tested with relative ease. Even wet filter paper!
12. Ashby M.F., Easterling K.E., Harryson R, Maiti S.K. The fracture toughness of woods. Proc R Soc Lond A. 398:1985;261-280.
13. Felby C, Pedersen L.S., Nielsen B.R. Enhanced auto adhesion of wood fibers using phenol oxidases. Holzforschung. 51:1997;281-286.
14. Boeglin N, Triboulot P, Masson D. A feasibility study on boards from wood and plastic waste: bending properties, dimensional stability and recycling of the board. Holz Werkst. 55:1997;3-16.
15. Wegst U.G.K., Ashby M.F. Evaluation and selection of natural materials. Jeronimidis G, Vincent J.F.V. Proceedings of the II Conference on Plant Biomechanics, Reading. 1997;259-265. Reading.
16. Matsunaga M, Sugiyama M, Minato K, Norimoto M. Physical and mechanical properties required for violin bow materials. Holzforsch. 50:1996;511-517.
17. Sirr S.A., Waddle J.R. CT analysis of bowed stringed instruments. Radiol. 203:1997;801-805.
18. Yano H, Furuta Y, Nakagawa H. Materials for guitar back plates made from sustainable forest resources. J Acoust Soc Amer. 101:1997;1112-1119.
19. Kolesik P, Mills A, Sedgley M. Anatomical characteristics affecting the musical performance of clarinet reed made from Arundo donax L. (Graminae). Ann Bot. 81:1998;151-155.
20. Hepburn H.G. The mechanical properties of tobacco plants with modified lignin [PhD Thesis]. 1997;University of Reading, Reading, This thesis includes an extensive analysis and model of the lignified plant cell wall (not strictly wood as found in trees) which develops the mechanical properties from the molecular scale, by considering the way in which the molecules interact. This is in distinction to the more statistical 'fibrous composite' model of Preston and his followers. The model is particularly effective where the amount of lignin is relatively low, accounting for the change in properties with water content much more effectively than previous models. At high lignin content the more established composite model is approximated.
21. Niskanen K, Leskela M. Model simulations give new insights into paper strength. Paper Timber. 79:1997;317-323.
22. Yu Y.Z., Karenlampi P. On crack stability in paper toughness testing. J Mater Sci. 32:1997;6513-6517.