Patronage, party, and state: The politicization of Islam in Turkey

Middle East Journal

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 39-56

  Ayata, Sencer ^a  

^a MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039956122     PISSN: 00263141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Henry Allen, The Turkish Transformation (New York: Greenwood Press, 1955), pp. 172, 173.
2. Donald Webster, The Turkey of Atatürk (New York: AMS Press, 1973), pp. 126-33.
3. Kemal Karpat, Turkey's Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1959), p. 271.
4. Serif Mardin, "Center-Periphery Relations: A Key to Turkish Politics," in Engin Akarli, ed., Political Participation in Turkey (Istanbul: Bogazici University Publications, 1975).
5. Ergun Özbudun, "Islam and Politics in Modern Turkey: The Case of the National Salvation Party," in Barbara F. Stowasser, ed., The Islamic Impulse (Washington, DC: The Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1987), p. 143; Ilter Turan, "Religion and Political Culture in Turkey," in Richard Tapper, ed., Islam in Modern Turkey (London: I.E. Tauris, 1991), pp. 43-5.
6. Ergun Özbudun, "Islam and Politics in Modern Turkey: The Case of the National Salvation Party," in Barbara F. Stowasser, ed., The Islamic Impulse (Washington, DC: The Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 1987), p. 143; Ilter Turan, "Religion and Political Culture in Turkey," in Richard Tapper, ed., Islam in Modern Turkey (London: I.E. Tauris, 1991), pp. 43-5.
7. Feroz Ahmad, The Turkish Experiment in Democracy, 1950-1975 (London: C. Hurst and Co., 1977), pp. 132-3.
8. Taha Akyol, "Sagin Tabani Tavani Yenilesmeye Zorluyor" (The social bases of the right urges the leadership to change), in Hidir Goktas and Ruşen Cakir, eds., Vatan Millet ve Pragmatizm (Motherland, Nation and Pragmatism) (Istanbul: Metis Guncel, 1991); Nazli Ilicak, "Sagda Vitrinlerle Birlikte Fikirler de Degisiyor" (In the right, ideas change as windows change) in Goktas and Cakir, ibid., pp. 77-9.
9. Taha Akyol, "Sagin Tabani Tavani Yenilesmeye Zorluyor" (The social bases of the right urges the leadership to change), in Hidir Goktas and Ruşen Cakir, eds., Vatan Millet ve Pragmatizm (Motherland, Nation and Pragmatism) (Istanbul: Metis Guncel, 1991); Nazli Ilicak, "Sagda Vitrinlerle Birlikte Fikirler de Degisiyor" (In the right, ideas change as windows change) in Goktas and Cakir, ibid., pp. 77-9.
10. Erik J. Zürcher, Turkey: A Modern History (London: I.E. Tauris, 1993), pp. 243-4.
11. Feroz Ahmad, "Islamic Reassertion in Turkey," Third World Quarterly 10, no 2. (1988). pp. 750-69.
12. Karpat, Turkey's Politics, pp. 274-78.
13. Faik Bulut, Tarikat Sermayesinin Yakselişi (The Rise of Tarikat Capital) (Ankara: Öteki Yayìnevi, 1995), pp. 376-90.
14. Üstün Ergüder, "The Motherland Party, 1983-1989," in Metin Heper and Jacob M. Landau, eds., Political Parties and Democracy in Turkey (London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 1991), p. 160.
15. Birol Yeşilada, "Turkish Foreign Policy toward the Middle East," in Atila Eralp, et al., eds., The Political and Socioeconomic Transformation of Turkey, pp. 169-92.
16. Orhan Turkdogan, "Aydin Muhalefeti: Yeni Sol ve Yeni Sagin Olusumu" (The opposition of the intellectuals: The formation of the new right and the new left), Turkiye Gunlugu (Sayi 16, Guz, 1991), p. 29.
17. Feride Acar, "The True Path Party, 1983-1989," in Heper and Landau, Political Parties, pp. 188-201.
18. Devlet Istatistik Enstitüsü (DIE) (The State Institute of Statistics), Mahalli Idareler Seçimi Sonuçlari (The Results of Local Elections [1994]) (Ankara, Turkey, 1994).
19. The factual and statistical information about the religious schools and religious functionaries was obtained directly from personal conversations with authorities in the Directorate of Religious Affairs (DRA) and from DRA archives, Ankara, 1994.
20. (ÖSYM, 1994).
21. DRA, 1994.
22. Ibid.
23. Ismail Kara, "Cumhuriyet Turkiye'sinde Dini Yayinciligin Gelisimi Uzerine Birkac Not" (A few notes on the development of religious publications in Turkey), Toplum ve Bilim (Society and Science), no 29-30 (1985), pp. 77-9.
24. Iştar Tarhanli, Musluman Toplum Laik Devlet (Muslim Society, Secular State) (Istanbul: AFA, 1993), p. 138.
25. DRA, 1994.
26. Sencer Ayata, "Traditional Sufi Orders on the Periphery: Kadiri and Naksibendi Islam in Konya and Trabzon," in Tapper, Islam in Modern Turkey, pp. 236-9.
27. Serif Mardin, "The Naksibendi Order in Turkish History," in Tapper, Islam in Modern Turkey, pp. 121-45.
28. Ayşe Saktanber, "Becoming the 'Other' as a Muslim in Turkey: Turkish Women vs. Islamist Women," New Perspectives on Turkey 11 (Fall, 1994), pp. 99-134.
29. Gencay Saylan, Islamiyet ve Siyaset (Islam and Politics) (Ankara: V Yayinlari, 1987), pp. 85-104.
30. Ruşen Cakir, Ayet ve Slogan (The Verse and the Slogan) (Istanbul: Metis, 1990), pp. 125-40.
31. Birol Yesilada, "Islamic Fundamentalism in Turkey and the Saudi Connection," in UFSI Field Staff Reports, Africa/Middle East, No. 18, 1988; Uǧur Mumcu, Rabita (Istanbul: Tekin Yayinevi, 1987), pp. 173-92.
32. Birol Yesilada, "Islamic Fundamentalism in Turkey and the Saudi Connection," in UFSI Field Staff Reports, Africa/Middle East, No. 18, 1988; Uǧur Mumcu, Rabita (Istanbul: Tekin Yayinevi, 1987), pp. 173-92.
33. Sami Zubaida, Islam, the People and the State (London: I.B. Tauris, 1993), p. 50.
34. Ruşen Cakir, Ne Seriat ne Demokrasi (Neither Seriat nor Democracy) (Istanbul: Metis, 1994), pp. 51-9.
35. Jacob M. Landau, "National Salvation Party in Turkey," Asian and African Studies 11, no. 8 (1976). pp. 64-72; Türker Alkan, "The National Salvation Party in Turkey," in Metin Heper and Raphael Israeli, eds., Islam and Politics in the Modern Middle East (London: Croom Helm, 1984), pp. 102-10.
36. Jacob M. Landau, "National Salvation Party in Turkey," Asian and African Studies 11, no. 8 (1976). pp. 64-72; Türker Alkan, "The National Salvation Party in Turkey," in Metin Heper and Raphael Israeli, eds., Islam and Politics in the Modern Middle East (London: Croom Helm, 1984), pp. 102-10.
37. John L. Esposito, The Islamic Threat Myth or Reality? (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).
38. DIE, Mahalli Idareler Seçimi Sonuçlari.
39. Çáǧlar Keyder and Ayşe Oncu, Istanbul and the Concept of World Cities (Istanbul: Friederich Ebert Vakfi, 1993), p. 30.
40. Ellis Goldberg, "Smashing Idols and the State: The Protestant Ethic and Egyptian Sunni Radicalism," in Juan R. I. Cole, ed., Comparing Muslim Societies: Knowledge and the State in a World Civilization (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992), p. 226.
41. Bruce Mazlish, "The Breakdown of Connections and Modern Development," World Development 19, no. 1 (1991), p. 32.
42. José Casanova, Public Religions in the Modern World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), p. 211.
43. Besir Atalay, Sanayilesme ve Sosyal Degisme (Industrialization and Social Change) (Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teskilati [State Planning Organization], 1983), p. 150; Özbudun, "Islam and Politics," p. 144; James Brown, "Islamic Fundamentalism and Turkey," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 16 (Fall, 1988), p. 239.
44. Besir Atalay, Sanayilesme ve Sosyal Degisme (Industrialization and Social Change) (Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teskilati [State Planning Organization], 1983), p. 150; Özbudun, "Islam and Politics," p. 144; James Brown, "Islamic Fundamentalism and Turkey," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 16 (Fall, 1988), p. 239.
45. Besir Atalay, Sanayilesme ve Sosyal Degisme (Industrialization and Social Change) (Ankara: Devlet Planlama Teskilati [State Planning Organization], 1983), p. 150; Özbudun, "Islam and Politics," p. 144; James Brown, "Islamic Fundamentalism and Turkey," Journal of Political and Military Sociology 16 (Fall, 1988), p. 239.