Chinese press coverage of political and economic restructuring of East Central Europe

Asian Survey

Volumn 37, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 927-943

  Tubilewicz, Czeslaw ^a  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039921233     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2645614     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. "East Central Europe" denotes Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (the Czech Republic and Slovakia after January 1, 1993), East Germany (ceased to exist in October 1990), Hungary, Romania, Poland, and Yugoslavia (split since 1991-92 into Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, and the Yugoslav Federal Republic).
2. Richard H. Solomon, Mao's Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971), pp. 268-329; Jeanne L. Wilson, "'The Polish Lesson': China and Poland 1980-1990," Studies in Comparative Communism 23:3-4 (Autumn/Winter 1990) pp. 259-68.
3. Richard H. Solomon, Mao's Revolution and the Chinese Political Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971), pp. 268-329; Jeanne L. Wilson, "'The Polish Lesson': China and Poland 1980-1990," Studies in Comparative Communism 23:3-4 (Autumn/Winter 1990) pp. 259-68.
4. Nina P. Halpern, "Learning from Abroad: Chinese Views of the East European Economic Experience, January 1977-June 1981," Modern China 11:1 (January 1985), pp. 102-04.
5. "Jingji Lilun yu Jingji Guanli" [Economic theory and management] (March 28, 1989) in Joint Publications Research Service, China Report (JPRS/CAR) (June 30, 1989), pp. 30-32.
6. "Jingji Lilun yu Jingji Guanli" [Economic theory and management] (March 28, 1989) in Joint Publications Research Service, China Report (JPRS/CAR) (June 30, 1989), pp. 30-32.
7. For a study discussing credibility vis à vis Chinese readers' perceptions of print media, see Research Group, Beijing Journalism Association, "An Analysis of Beijing Newspaper Readers," Chinese Sociology and Anthropology 18:3-4 (Spring-Summer 1986), p. 109.
8. See, among others, Brantly Womack, "Editor's Introduction: Media and the Chinese Public," Chinese Sociology and Anthropology 18:3-4 (Spring-Summer 1986), pp. 9, 12; and Allen S. Whiting, China Eyes Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), p. 10.
9. See, among others, Brantly Womack, "Editor's Introduction: Media and the Chinese Public," Chinese Sociology and Anthropology 18:3-4 (Spring-Summer 1986), pp. 9, 12; and Allen S. Whiting, China Eyes Japan (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), p. 10.
10. For example, see Hu Yaobang, "On the Party's Journalism Work," in Chinese Sociology and Anthropology 18:3-4 (Spring-Summer 1986), p. 176.
11. Judy Polumbaum, "The Tribulations of China's Journalists After a Decade of Reform," in Voices of China: The Interplay of Politics and Journalism, ed. Chin-Chuan Lee (New York: Guilford Press, 1990), pp. 33, 38.
12. See, for example, Hsiao Ching-Chang and Yang Mei-Rong, "Don't Force Us to Lie: The Case of the World Economic Herald," in ibid., pp. 120-21; and David Shambaugh, "China in 1990: The Year of Damage Control" Asian Survey 31:1 (January 1991), p. 42.
13. See, for example, Hsiao Ching-Chang and Yang Mei-Rong, "Don't Force Us to Lie: The Case of the World Economic Herald," in ibid., pp. 120-21; and David Shambaugh, "China in 1990: The Year of Damage Control" Asian Survey 31:1 (January 1991), p. 42.
14. Ching Chi Jih Pao, December 11, 1989, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, China Report (FBIS/CHI) (December 13, 1989), p. 7.
15. Ching Chi Jih Pao, December 11, 1989, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, China Report (FBIS/CHI) (December 13, 1989), p. 7.
16. Renmin Ribao [People's daily], February 8, 1989, in FBIS/CHI (February 15, 1989), pp. 8-9; Ma Yunliang, "Bolan de 'Yuanzhuo Huiyi'" [Polish Roundtable Conference], Banyue Tan [Fortnightly review], no. 5 (March 10, 1989), pp. 56-57; Zhong Shi, "Meyou Banfa Zhong de Banfa: Bolan Jushi de Yige Zhongyao Zhuanzhe" [The solution in a no-solution situation: The important turn in the Polish situation], Guoji Zhanwang [World outlook], no. 10 (1989), pp. 3-4; and Zi Xu, Bolan "'Yuanzhuo Huiyi' Dacheng Xieyi" [The agreements reached at the Polish Roundtable Conference], Xuanchuan Shouce [Propaganda pamphlet], no. 10 (May 16, 1989), p. 59.
17. Renmin Ribao [People's daily], February 8, 1989, in FBIS/CHI (February 15, 1989), pp. 8-9; Ma Yunliang, "Bolan de 'Yuanzhuo Huiyi'" [Polish Roundtable Conference], Banyue Tan [Fortnightly review], no. 5 (March 10, 1989), pp. 56-57; Zhong Shi, "Meyou Banfa Zhong de Banfa: Bolan Jushi de Yige Zhongyao Zhuanzhe" [The solution in a no-solution situation: The important turn in the Polish situation], Guoji Zhanwang [World outlook], no. 10 (1989), pp. 3-4; and Zi Xu, Bolan "'Yuanzhuo Huiyi' Dacheng Xieyi" [The agreements reached at the Polish Roundtable Conference], Xuanchuan Shouce [Propaganda pamphlet], no. 10 (May 16, 1989), p. 59.
18. Renmin Ribao [People's daily], February 8, 1989, in FBIS/CHI (February 15, 1989), pp. 8-9; Ma Yunliang, "Bolan de 'Yuanzhuo Huiyi'" [Polish Roundtable Conference], Banyue Tan [Fortnightly review], no. 5 (March 10, 1989), pp. 56-57; Zhong Shi, "Meyou Banfa Zhong de Banfa: Bolan Jushi de Yige Zhongyao Zhuanzhe" [The solution in a no-solution situation: The important turn in the Polish situation], Guoji Zhanwang [World outlook], no. 10 (1989), pp. 3-4; and Zi Xu, Bolan "'Yuanzhuo Huiyi' Dacheng Xieyi" [The agreements reached at the Polish Roundtable Conference], Xuanchuan Shouce [Propaganda pamphlet], no. 10 (May 16, 1989), p. 59.
19. Renmin Ribao [People's daily], February 8, 1989, in FBIS/CHI (February 15, 1989), pp. 8-9; Ma Yunliang, "Bolan de 'Yuanzhuo Huiyi'" [Polish Roundtable Conference], Banyue Tan [Fortnightly review], no. 5 (March 10, 1989), pp. 56-57; Zhong Shi, "Meyou Banfa Zhong de Banfa: Bolan Jushi de Yige Zhongyao Zhuanzhe" [The solution in a no-solution situation: The important turn in the Polish situation], Guoji Zhanwang [World outlook], no. 10 (1989), pp. 3-4; and Zi Xu, Bolan "'Yuanzhuo Huiyi' Dacheng Xieyi" [The agreements reached at the Polish Roundtable Conference], Xuanchuan Shouce [Propaganda pamphlet], no. 10 (May 16, 1989), p. 59.
20. Renmin Ribao [People's daily], February 8, 1989, in FBIS/CHI (February 15, 1989), pp. 8-9; Ma Yunliang, "Bolan de 'Yuanzhuo Huiyi'" [Polish Roundtable Conference], Banyue Tan [Fortnightly review], no. 5 (March 10, 1989), pp. 56-57; Zhong Shi, "Meyou Banfa Zhong de Banfa: Bolan Jushi de Yige Zhongyao Zhuanzhe" [The solution in a no-solution situation: The important turn in the Polish situation], Guoji Zhanwang [World outlook], no. 10 (1989), pp. 3-4; and Zi Xu, Bolan "'Yuanzhuo Huiyi' Dacheng Xieyi" [The agreements reached at the Polish Roundtable Conference], Xuanchuan Shouce [Propaganda pamphlet], no. 10 (May 16, 1989), p. 59.
21. See Hou Fengjing, "Hot Currents Boil Beneath the Surface: A Report on Political Democratization in Hungary," Shijie Jingji Daobao [World economic herald], November 21, 1988, in JPRS/CAR (January 25, 1989), pp. 1-2; Tong Chuan, "Political Pluralism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and Yugoslavia," Guoji Zhanwang, February 23, 1989, in JPRS/CAR (June 14, 1989), pp. 1-3; and Xi Xu, "Kadaer Xiatai Chuncui Shi Jiankang Yuanyin Ma?" [Is Kadar's fall from power purely because of health reasons?], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 11 (June 1, 1989), pp. 58-59.
22. See Hou Fengjing, "Hot Currents Boil Beneath the Surface: A Report on Political Democratization in Hungary," Shijie Jingji Daobao [World economic herald], November 21, 1988, in JPRS/CAR (January 25, 1989), pp. 1-2; Tong Chuan, "Political Pluralism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and Yugoslavia," Guoji Zhanwang, February 23, 1989, in JPRS/CAR (June 14, 1989), pp. 1-3; and Xi Xu, "Kadaer Xiatai Chuncui Shi Jiankang Yuanyin Ma?" [Is Kadar's fall from power purely because of health reasons?], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 11 (June 1, 1989), pp. 58-59.
23. See Hou Fengjing, "Hot Currents Boil Beneath the Surface: A Report on Political Democratization in Hungary," Shijie Jingji Daobao [World economic herald], November 21, 1988, in JPRS/CAR (January 25, 1989), pp. 1-2; Tong Chuan, "Political Pluralism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and Yugoslavia," Guoji Zhanwang, February 23, 1989, in JPRS/CAR (June 14, 1989), pp. 1-3; and Xi Xu, "Kadaer Xiatai Chuncui Shi Jiankang Yuanyin Ma?" [Is Kadar's fall from power purely because of health reasons?], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 11 (June 1, 1989), pp. 58-59.
24. See Hou Fengjing, "Hot Currents Boil Beneath the Surface: A Report on Political Democratization in Hungary," Shijie Jingji Daobao [World economic herald], November 21, 1988, in JPRS/CAR (January 25, 1989), pp. 1-2; Tong Chuan, "Political Pluralism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and Yugoslavia," Guoji Zhanwang, February 23, 1989, in JPRS/CAR (June 14, 1989), pp. 1-3; and Xi Xu, "Kadaer Xiatai Chuncui Shi Jiankang Yuanyin Ma?" [Is Kadar's fall from power purely because of health reasons?], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 11 (June 1, 1989), pp. 58-59.
25. See Hou Fengjing, "Hot Currents Boil Beneath the Surface: A Report on Political Democratization in Hungary," Shijie Jingji Daobao [World economic herald], November 21, 1988, in JPRS/CAR (January 25, 1989), pp. 1-2; Tong Chuan, "Political Pluralism in the USSR, Eastern Europe, and Yugoslavia," Guoji Zhanwang, February 23, 1989, in JPRS/CAR (June 14, 1989), pp. 1-3; and Xi Xu, "Kadaer Xiatai Chuncui Shi Jiankang Yuanyin Ma?" [Is Kadar's fall from power purely because of health reasons?], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 11 (June 1, 1989), pp. 58-59.
26. See Wen Youren, "Bolan Jushi de Yanbian Jiqi Qianjing, Part One" [The evolution and future of the situation in Poland], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 23 (December 1, 1989), pp. 40-47; and Wen Youren, "Bolan Zhengju de Yanbian" [The evolution of the Polish political situation], Banyue Tan, no. 19 (October 10, 1989), pp. 59-61.
27. See Wen Youren, "Bolan Jushi de Yanbian Jiqi Qianjing, Part One" [The evolution and future of the situation in Poland], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 23 (December 1, 1989), pp. 40-47; and Wen Youren, "Bolan Zhengju de Yanbian" [The evolution of the Polish political situation], Banyue Tan, no. 19 (October 10, 1989), pp. 59-61.
28. Che Hongqing, "Bolan: Lishi de Jujiaodian" [Poland: The focus point of history], Jinri Sulian Dongou (JSD) [USSR and Eastern Europe today], no. 6 (1989), pp. 6-9.
29. Zou Guochang, "A Special Party Congress," Liaowang [Outlook] (October 23, 1989), in JPRS/CAR (February 7, 1990), pp. 18-19; and Shu Shan, "Dongdan, Jubian de Xiongnali" [Turbulent and drastically changed Hungary], Banyue Tan, no. 20 (October 25, 1989), pp. 52-54.
30. Zou Guochang, "A Special Party Congress," Liaowang [Outlook] (October 23, 1989), in JPRS/CAR (February 7, 1990), pp. 18-19; and Shu Shan, "Dongdan, Jubian de Xiongnali" [Turbulent and drastically changed Hungary], Banyue Tan, no. 20 (October 25, 1989), pp. 52-54.
31. Zou Guochang, "A Special Party Congress," Liaowang [Outlook] (October 23, 1989), in JPRS/CAR (February 7, 1990), pp. 18-19; and Shu Shan, "Dongdan, Jubian de Xiongnali" [Turbulent and drastically changed Hungary], Banyue Tan, no. 20 (October 25, 1989), pp. 52-54.
32. Rui Bian, "Xifan Tuixing 'Heping Yanbian' de Zhanlue Mubiao" [The strategic goal of the West pursuing "peaceful evolution"], ibid., no. 19 (October 10, 1989), pp. 56-59; and "Xifan Tuixing 'Heping Yanbian' de Shoufa" [The methods of the West's "peaceful evolution"], ibid., nos. 20 and 21 (October 25 and November 10, 1989), pp. 57-59 and 56-57.
33. Rui Bian, "Xifan Tuixing 'Heping Yanbian' de Zhanlue Mubiao" [The strategic goal of the West pursuing "peaceful evolution"], ibid., no. 19 (October 10, 1989), pp. 56-59; and "Xifan Tuixing 'Heping Yanbian' de Shoufa" [The methods of the West's "peaceful evolution"], ibid., nos. 20 and 21 (October 25 and November 10, 1989), pp. 57-59 and 56-57.
34. Rui Bian, "Xifan Tuixing 'Heping Yanbian' de Zhanlue Mubiao."
35. Tian Juanbao, "Jiekesiluofake" [Czechoslovakia], JSD, no. 3 (1990), pp. 17-21.
36. See, among others, Dan Lin, "Changes in Albania as Viewed from Its Diplomatic Activities," Renmin Ribao, June 9, 1990, in JPRS/CAR (June 11 1990), pp. 8-9; Lu Mao, "Albania in Crucial Stage of Reform," Shijie Zhishi (January 16, 1991), in JPRS/CAR (March 12, 1991), pp. 21-23; and Qian Tao, "1990 Niande Dongou: Hunluan Dongdang, Qianjing Nanbu" [1990 Eastem Europe: Chaos, future is difficult to predict], JSD, no. 2 (1991), pp. 1-10.
37. See, among others, Dan Lin, "Changes in Albania as Viewed from Its Diplomatic Activities," Renmin Ribao, June 9, 1990, in JPRS/CAR (June 11 1990), pp. 8-9; Lu Mao, "Albania in Crucial Stage of Reform," Shijie Zhishi (January 16, 1991), in JPRS/CAR (March 12, 1991), pp. 21-23; and Qian Tao, "1990 Niande Dongou: Hunluan Dongdang, Qianjing Nanbu" [1990 Eastem Europe: Chaos, future is difficult to predict], JSD, no. 2 (1991), pp. 1-10.
38. See, among others, Dan Lin, "Changes in Albania as Viewed from Its Diplomatic Activities," Renmin Ribao, June 9, 1990, in JPRS/CAR (June 11 1990), pp. 8-9; Lu Mao, "Albania in Crucial Stage of Reform," Shijie Zhishi (January 16, 1991), in JPRS/CAR (March 12, 1991), pp. 21-23; and Qian Tao, "1990 Niande Dongou: Hunluan Dongdang, Qianjing Nanbu" [1990 Eastem Europe: Chaos, future is difficult to predict], JSD, no. 2 (1991), pp. 1-10.
39. See, among others, Dan Lin, "Changes in Albania as Viewed from Its Diplomatic Activities," Renmin Ribao, June 9, 1990, in JPRS/CAR (June 11 1990), pp. 8-9; Lu Mao, "Albania in Crucial Stage of Reform," Shijie Zhishi (January 16, 1991), in JPRS/CAR (March 12, 1991), pp. 21-23; and Qian Tao, "1990 Niande Dongou: Hunluan Dongdang, Qianjing Nanbu" [1990 Eastem Europe: Chaos, future is difficult to predict], JSD, no. 2 (1991), pp. 1-10.
40. See, among others, Dan Lin, "Changes in Albania as Viewed from Its Diplomatic Activities," Renmin Ribao, June 9, 1990, in JPRS/CAR (June 11 1990), pp. 8-9; Lu Mao, "Albania in Crucial Stage of Reform," Shijie Zhishi (January 16, 1991), in JPRS/CAR (March 12, 1991), pp. 21-23; and Qian Tao, "1990 Niande Dongou: Hunluan Dongdang, Qianjing Nanbu" [1990 Eastem Europe: Chaos, future is difficult to predict], JSD, no. 2 (1991), pp. 1-10.
41. Qiang Liang, "Changes in the Rumanian Political Situation," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (April 18, 1990), pp. 6-7; Wang Yixiang, "Luomaniya" [Romania], JSD, no. 3 (1990), pp. 26-31; and Zhang Wensheng and Yang Hua, "Ceausescu and Rumania," Shijie Zhishi (July 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (October 10, 1990), pp. 3-6.
42. Qiang Liang, "Changes in the Rumanian Political Situation," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (April 18, 1990), pp. 6-7; Wang Yixiang, "Luomaniya" [Romania], JSD, no. 3 (1990), pp. 26-31; and Zhang Wensheng and Yang Hua, "Ceausescu and Rumania," Shijie Zhishi (July 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (October 10, 1990), pp. 3-6.
43. Qiang Liang, "Changes in the Rumanian Political Situation," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (April 18, 1990), pp. 6-7; Wang Yixiang, "Luomaniya" [Romania], JSD, no. 3 (1990), pp. 26-31; and Zhang Wensheng and Yang Hua, "Ceausescu and Rumania," Shijie Zhishi (July 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (October 10, 1990), pp. 3-6.
44. Qiang Liang, "Changes in the Rumanian Political Situation," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (April 18, 1990), pp. 6-7; Wang Yixiang, "Luomaniya" [Romania], JSD, no. 3 (1990), pp. 26-31; and Zhang Wensheng and Yang Hua, "Ceausescu and Rumania," Shijie Zhishi (July 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (October 10, 1990), pp. 3-6.
45. Qiang Liang, "Changes in the Rumanian Political Situation," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (April 18, 1990), pp. 6-7; Wang Yixiang, "Luomaniya" [Romania], JSD, no. 3 (1990), pp. 26-31; and Zhang Wensheng and Yang Hua, "Ceausescu and Rumania," Shijie Zhishi (July 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (October 10, 1990), pp. 3-6.
46. See, for example, Tang Ping, "Sulian, Dongou Guojia Kunnan Zhongzhong" [Serious economic difficulties of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 8 (April 16, 1990), pp. 56-58; Wang Menghua, "Jubian Houde Dongou Jingji" [Eastern Europe's economy after the drastic changes), Sulian Dongou Wenti (SDW) [Problems of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], no. 1 (1991), pp. 49-52; and Sun Xiyou, "Dongou Jubian Yinian Jingji Meikuang Yuxia" [A year after the changes in Eastern Europe, the economic situation is even worse], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 1 (January 1, 1991), pp. 23-24.
47. See, for example, Tang Ping, "Sulian, Dongou Guojia Kunnan Zhongzhong" [Serious economic difficulties of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 8 (April 16, 1990), pp. 56-58; Wang Menghua, "Jubian Houde Dongou Jingji" [Eastern Europe's economy after the drastic changes), Sulian Dongou Wenti (SDW) [Problems of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], no. 1 (1991), pp. 49-52; and Sun Xiyou, "Dongou Jubian Yinian Jingji Meikuang Yuxia" [A year after the changes in Eastern Europe, the economic situation is even worse], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 1 (January 1, 1991), pp. 23-24.
48. See, for example, Tang Ping, "Sulian, Dongou Guojia Kunnan Zhongzhong" [Serious economic difficulties of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 8 (April 16, 1990), pp. 56-58; Wang Menghua, "Jubian Houde Dongou Jingji" [Eastern Europe's economy after the drastic changes), Sulian Dongou Wenti (SDW) [Problems of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], no. 1 (1991), pp. 49-52; and Sun Xiyou, "Dongou Jubian Yinian Jingji Meikuang Yuxia" [A year after the changes in Eastern Europe, the economic situation is even worse], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 1 (January 1, 1991), pp. 23-24.
49. Li Cong, "Dongou Yixie Guojia Zhuanxiang Zibenzhuyi Qianjing Bingbu Meimiao" [The prospects are not wonderful for those East European countries that turned to capitalism], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 7 (April 1, 1990), pp. 9-12; and Liu Kaiming, "Dongou Xiang Shehui Shichang Jingji Guodu Jiqi Mianlinde Nanti" [Eastern Europe's transition towards social market economy and the related problems], SDW, no. 6 (1990), pp. 63-69.
50. Li Cong, "Dongou Yixie Guojia Zhuanxiang Zibenzhuyi Qianjing Bingbu Meimiao" [The prospects are not wonderful for those East European countries that turned to capitalism], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 7 (April 1, 1990), pp. 9-12; and Liu Kaiming, "Dongou Xiang Shehui Shichang Jingji Guodu Jiqi Mianlinde Nanti" [Eastern Europe's transition towards social market economy and the related problems], SDW, no. 6 (1990), pp. 63-69.
51. Zhong Tong, "'Xiuke Liaofa' Shi Liangyao Ma?" [Is "shock therapy" a good medicine?], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 5 (March 1, 1992), pp. 57-58; and Xiao Bo, "Shi Duizheng Liangyao Ma? 'Xiuke Liaofa' Zai Bolan" [Is it a good medicine for the illness? "Shock therapy" in Poland], Shijie Zhishi, no. 10 (1992), pp. 8-9.
52. Zhong Tong, "'Xiuke Liaofa' Shi Liangyao Ma?" [Is "shock therapy" a good medicine?], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 5 (March 1, 1992), pp. 57-58; and Xiao Bo, "Shi Duizheng Liangyao Ma? 'Xiuke Liaofa' Zai Bolan" [Is it a good medicine for the illness? "Shock therapy" in Poland], Shijie Zhishi, no. 10 (1992), pp. 8-9.
53. Wang Yixiang, "Dongou yu Xiuke Liaofa" [Eastern Europe and shock therapy], JSD, no. 5 (1992), pp. 22-26.
54. Li Cong, "Dongou Yixie Guojia Zhuanxiang Zibenzhuyi Qianjing Bingbu Meimiao; Qian Tao, "1990 Niande Dongou, Dongzhongou: Liming Zhihou"[East Central Europe: After the dawn], JSD, no. 4 (1991), pp. 52-54; and Wang Defeng, "Jubian Houde Dongou" [Eastern Europe after the changes], Banyue Tan, no. 17 (September 10, 1992), pp. 48-50.
55. Li Cong, "Dongou Yixie Guojia Zhuanxiang Zibenzhuyi Qianjing Bingbu Meimiao; Qian Tao, "1990 Niande Dongou, Dongzhongou: Liming Zhihou"[East Central Europe: After the dawn], JSD, no. 4 (1991), pp. 52-54; and Wang Defeng, "Jubian Houde Dongou" [Eastern Europe after the changes], Banyue Tan, no. 17 (September 10, 1992), pp. 48-50.
56. Hu Liansheng, "Luelun Dongou Lishi Jibian de Yuanyin" [Brief discussion of the reasons of the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 1 (1991), pp. 16-20; Bai Ningxiang and Cui Zhiying, "Dongou Jubian de Lishi Jiaoxun" [The lessons drawn from the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 7-9; and Shen Gongxuan, "The Overall Trend of History Will Not Change," Sixiang Zhengzhi Gongzuo Yanjiu [Ideological and political work studies] (February 8, 1992), in JPRS/CAR (June 22, 1992), pp. 1-3.
57. Hu Liansheng, "Luelun Dongou Lishi Jibian de Yuanyin" [Brief discussion of the reasons of the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 1 (1991), pp. 16-20; Bai Ningxiang and Cui Zhiying, "Dongou Jubian de Lishi Jiaoxun" [The lessons drawn from the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 7-9; and Shen Gongxuan, "The Overall Trend of History Will Not Change," Sixiang Zhengzhi Gongzuo Yanjiu [Ideological and political work studies] (February 8, 1992), in JPRS/CAR (June 22, 1992), pp. 1-3.
58. Hu Liansheng, "Luelun Dongou Lishi Jibian de Yuanyin" [Brief discussion of the reasons of the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 1 (1991), pp. 16-20; Bai Ningxiang and Cui Zhiying, "Dongou Jubian de Lishi Jiaoxun" [The lessons drawn from the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 7-9; and Shen Gongxuan, "The Overall Trend of History Will Not Change," Sixiang Zhengzhi Gongzuo Yanjiu [Ideological and political work studies] (February 8, 1992), in JPRS/CAR (June 22, 1992), pp. 1-3.
59. Hu Liansheng, "Luelun Dongou Lishi Jibian de Yuanyin" [Brief discussion of the reasons of the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 1 (1991), pp. 16-20; Bai Ningxiang and Cui Zhiying, "Dongou Jubian de Lishi Jiaoxun" [The lessons drawn from the East European drastic changes], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 7-9; and Shen Gongxuan, "The Overall Trend of History Will Not Change," Sixiang Zhengzhi Gongzuo Yanjiu [Ideological and political work studies] (February 8, 1992), in JPRS/CAR (June 22, 1992), pp. 1-3.
60. See, among others, Gao Zichuan, "Jubian Hou Dongou Xianzhuang yu Weilai Zouxiang Shichang" [The present and future of Eastern Europe's walk toward the market], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 36-40; Chen Xiwei, "Dongou Jubian Yilai Remin Sixiang Qinxu de Bianhua Qingkuan" [The changes in people's morale after the East European changes], SDW, no. 6 (1992), pp. 50-53; Yang Hua, "Socialism Is the Historical Choice of the People of All the Countries of Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (March 20, 1990), pp. 8-10; and Liu Zuxi and Yang Hua, "The Cold War's Profound Impact on Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 16, 1990), in FBIS/CHI (March 30, 1990), pp. 2-5.
61. See, among others, Gao Zichuan, "Jubian Hou Dongou Xianzhuang yu Weilai Zouxiang Shichang" [The present and future of Eastern Europe's walk toward the market], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 36-40; Chen Xiwei, "Dongou Jubian Yilai Remin Sixiang Qinxu de Bianhua Qingkuan" [The changes in people's morale after the East European changes], SDW, no. 6 (1992), pp. 50-53; Yang Hua, "Socialism Is the Historical Choice of the People of All the Countries of Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (March 20, 1990), pp. 8-10; and Liu Zuxi and Yang Hua, "The Cold War's Profound Impact on Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 16, 1990), in FBIS/CHI (March 30, 1990), pp. 2-5.
62. See, among others, Gao Zichuan, "Jubian Hou Dongou Xianzhuang yu Weilai Zouxiang Shichang" [The present and future of Eastern Europe's walk toward the market], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 36-40; Chen Xiwei, "Dongou Jubian Yilai Remin Sixiang Qinxu de Bianhua Qingkuan" [The changes in people's morale after the East European changes], SDW, no. 6 (1992), pp. 50-53; Yang Hua, "Socialism Is the Historical Choice of the People of All the Countries of Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (March 20, 1990), pp. 8-10; and Liu Zuxi and Yang Hua, "The Cold War's Profound Impact on Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 16, 1990), in FBIS/CHI (March 30, 1990), pp. 2-5.
63. See, among others, Gao Zichuan, "Jubian Hou Dongou Xianzhuang yu Weilai Zouxiang Shichang" [The present and future of Eastern Europe's walk toward the market], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 36-40; Chen Xiwei, "Dongou Jubian Yilai Remin Sixiang Qinxu de Bianhua Qingkuan" [The changes in people's morale after the East European changes], SDW, no. 6 (1992), pp. 50-53; Yang Hua, "Socialism Is the Historical Choice of the People of All the Countries of Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (March 20, 1990), pp. 8-10; and Liu Zuxi and Yang Hua, "The Cold War's Profound Impact on Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 16, 1990), in FBIS/CHI (March 30, 1990), pp. 2-5.
64. See, among others, Gao Zichuan, "Jubian Hou Dongou Xianzhuang yu Weilai Zouxiang Shichang" [The present and future of Eastern Europe's walk toward the market], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 36-40; Chen Xiwei, "Dongou Jubian Yilai Remin Sixiang Qinxu de Bianhua Qingkuan" [The changes in people's morale after the East European changes], SDW, no. 6 (1992), pp. 50-53; Yang Hua, "Socialism Is the Historical Choice of the People of All the Countries of Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (March 20, 1990), pp. 8-10; and Liu Zuxi and Yang Hua, "The Cold War's Profound Impact on Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 16, 1990), in FBIS/CHI (March 30, 1990), pp. 2-5.
65. See, among others, Gao Zichuan, "Jubian Hou Dongou Xianzhuang yu Weilai Zouxiang Shichang" [The present and future of Eastern Europe's walk toward the market], SDW, no. 6 (1991), pp. 36-40; Chen Xiwei, "Dongou Jubian Yilai Remin Sixiang Qinxu de Bianhua Qingkuan" [The changes in people's morale after the East European changes], SDW, no. 6 (1992), pp. 50-53; Yang Hua, "Socialism Is the Historical Choice of the People of All the Countries of Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 1, 1990), in JPRS/CAR (March 20, 1990), pp. 8-10; and Liu Zuxi and Yang Hua, "The Cold War's Profound Impact on Eastern Europe," Shijie Zhishi (February 16, 1990), in FBIS/CHI (March 30, 1990), pp. 2-5.
66. "Dongou Yixie Guojia Gongchandangyuan de Zaoyi" [The bitter experience of Communist Party members in some East European countries], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 14 (July 16, 1990), pp. 17, 61; and Wen Shan, "Bozhengfu Zhong 'Chise Fenzi' Jiang Bei Gezhi" [The "reds" in the Polish government will be removed from office], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 13 (July 1, 1991), pp. 24-25.
67. "Dongou Yixie Guojia Gongchandangyuan de Zaoyi" [The bitter experience of Communist Party members in some East European countries], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 14 (July 16, 1990), pp. 17, 61; and Wen Shan, "Bozhengfu Zhong 'Chise Fenzi' Jiang Bei Gezhi" [The "reds" in the Polish government will be removed from office], Xuanchuan Shouce, no. 13 (July 1, 1991), pp. 24-25.
68. See Wang Yixiang, "Dongou Guojia Gongchangang Sanquan de Yuanyin he Jiaoxun" [The reasons and lessons drawn from East European communist parties' loss of power], Jinri Qian Sulian Dongou (JQSD) [Former USSR and Eastern Europe today], no. 1 (1994), pp. 1-6; Gao Fang, "Sulian Dongou Jubian Yuanyin" [The reasons for the Soviet and East European changes], Dongou Zhongya Yanjiu (DZY) [Eastern Europe and Central Asia studies], no. 1 (1993), pp. 3-5; and Yu Sui, "Qian Sulian Dongou Jubian Yinfa de Zaisikao" [Rethinking the reasons leading to changes in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], Zhengdang yu Dangdai Shijie (ZDDS) [Parties and contemporary world], no. 3 (March 1994), pp. 4-7.
69. See Wang Yixiang, "Dongou Guojia Gongchangang Sanquan de Yuanyin he Jiaoxun" [The reasons and lessons drawn from East European communist parties' loss of power], Jinri Qian Sulian Dongou (JQSD) [Former USSR and Eastern Europe today], no. 1 (1994), pp. 1-6; Gao Fang, "Sulian Dongou Jubian Yuanyin" [The reasons for the Soviet and East European changes], Dongou Zhongya Yanjiu (DZY) [Eastern Europe and Central Asia studies], no. 1 (1993), pp. 3-5; and Yu Sui, "Qian Sulian Dongou Jubian Yinfa de Zaisikao" [Rethinking the reasons leading to changes in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], Zhengdang yu Dangdai Shijie (ZDDS) [Parties and contemporary world], no. 3 (March 1994), pp. 4-7.
70. See Wang Yixiang, "Dongou Guojia Gongchangang Sanquan de Yuanyin he Jiaoxun" [The reasons and lessons drawn from East European communist parties' loss of power], Jinri Qian Sulian Dongou (JQSD) [Former USSR and Eastern Europe today], no. 1 (1994), pp. 1-6; Gao Fang, "Sulian Dongou Jubian Yuanyin" [The reasons for the Soviet and East European changes], Dongou Zhongya Yanjiu (DZY) [Eastern Europe and Central Asia studies], no. 1 (1993), pp. 3-5; and Yu Sui, "Qian Sulian Dongou Jubian Yinfa de Zaisikao" [Rethinking the reasons leading to changes in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe], Zhengdang yu Dangdai Shijie (ZDDS) [Parties and contemporary world], no. 3 (March 1994), pp. 4-7.
71. Gou Zenglin, "Bolan Tuanjie Gonghui Zhengfu Kuatai Yuanyin Zaisikao" [Rethinking the collapse of Polish Solidarity government], ZDDS, no. 6 (1994), pp. 26-29; Wang Zhiming, "Shixi Bolan Zuopai Daxuan Huosheng de Zhuyao Yuanyin" [Analysis of main reasons for leftist parties' parliamentary victory], Dangdai Shijie Shehuizhuyi Wenti [Problems of the contemporary world socialism], no. 4 (1993), pp. 71-73; and Zhao Hong, "Dongou Zuopai Huosheng de Yuanyin jiqi Zhence Zuoxiang" [Reasons for East European leftist parties' victories and the direction of their policies], Guoji Zhanwang, no. 15 (1994), pp. 8-9.
72. Gou Zenglin, "Bolan Tuanjie Gonghui Zhengfu Kuatai Yuanyin Zaisikao" [Rethinking the collapse of Polish Solidarity government], ZDDS, no. 6 (1994), pp. 26-29; Wang Zhiming, "Shixi Bolan Zuopai Daxuan Huosheng de Zhuyao Yuanyin" [Analysis of main reasons for leftist parties' parliamentary victory], Dangdai Shijie Shehuizhuyi Wenti [Problems of the contemporary world socialism], no. 4 (1993), pp. 71-73; and Zhao Hong, "Dongou Zuopai Huosheng de Yuanyin jiqi Zhence Zuoxiang" [Reasons for East European leftist parties' victories and the direction of their policies], Guoji Zhanwang, no. 15 (1994), pp. 8-9.
73. Gou Zenglin, "Bolan Tuanjie Gonghui Zhengfu Kuatai Yuanyin Zaisikao" [Rethinking the collapse of Polish Solidarity government], ZDDS, no. 6 (1994), pp. 26-29; Wang Zhiming, "Shixi Bolan Zuopai Daxuan Huosheng de Zhuyao Yuanyin" [Analysis of main reasons for leftist parties' parliamentary victory], Dangdai Shijie Shehuizhuyi Wenti [Problems of the contemporary world socialism], no. 4 (1993), pp. 71-73; and Zhao Hong, "Dongou Zuopai Huosheng de Yuanyin jiqi Zhence Zuoxiang" [Reasons for East European leftist parties' victories and the direction of their policies], Guoji Zhanwang, no. 15 (1994), pp. 8-9.
74. See, among others, Zhao Naibing, "Dongou Guojia Guodu Wenti Shentao" [A discussion of East European states' transition problems], DZY, no. 4 (1993), pp. 16-22; and Gu Daili, "Luomaniya Quyu Wending" [The Romanian situation is stabilizing], ZDDS, no. 4 (April 1994), pp. 13-14.
75. See, among others, Zhao Naibing, "Dongou Guojia Guodu Wenti Shentao" [A discussion of East European states' transition problems], DZY, no. 4 (1993), pp. 16-22; and Gu Daili, "Luomaniya Quyu Wending" [The Romanian situation is stabilizing], ZDDS, no. 4 (April 1994), pp. 13-14.
76. See, for example, Chen Xueyan, "Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria Practice Reform," Beijing Review 31:3 (January 18-24, 1988), pp. 17-19.
77. Allen S. Whiting, Chinese Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy in the 1970s (Ann Arbor Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1979), p. 3.
78. A similar set of factors has been identified by Rozman in his analysis of the Chinese press discussion on the Soviet Union. Gilbert Rozman, The Chinese Debate About Soviet Socialism, 1978-1985 (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1987), pp. 5-6.
79. Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1986), p. 117.
80. Qimao Chen, "New Approaches in China's Foreign Policy: The Post-Cold War Era," Asian Survey 33:3 (March 1993), p. 240.
81. Bernard C. Cohen, The Press and Foreign Policy (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1963), p. 13.