Still the English patient? Closures and inventions in the English school

International Affairs

Volumn 77, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 931-942

  Hall, Ian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039890617     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.00226     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Roy E. Jones, 'The English school of international relations: a case for closure', Review of International Studies 7: 1, 1981, pp. 1-13. Jones's critique was complemented by an attempt by Michael Nicholson to decode what he called 'The enigma of Martin Wight', Review of International Studies 7: 1, 1981, pp. 15-22.
2. Roy E. Jones, 'The English school of international relations: a case for closure', Review of International Studies 7: 1, 1981, pp. 1-13. Jones's critique was complemented by an attempt by Michael Nicholson to decode what he called 'The enigma of Martin Wight', Review of International Studies 7: 1, 1981, pp. 15-22.
3. The website's address is http://www.ukc.ac.uk/politics/englishschool/buzan.htm.
4. Barry Buzan, 'The English school as research program: an overview and proposal for reconvening', http://www.ukc.ac.uk/politics/englishschool/buzan.htm. One example of American recognition can be found in Stephen D. Krasner's Sovereignty: organized hypocrisy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), which includes a considered critique of the school (pp. 44-56). Among the international contingent are Canadians (Robert Jackson), Danes (Ole Waever), and Scots (Andrew Linklater).
5. Barry Buzan, 'The English school as research program: an overview and proposal for reconvening', http://www.ukc.ac.uk/politics/englishschool/buzan.htm. One example of American recognition can be found in Stephen D. Krasner's Sovereignty: organized hypocrisy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), which includes a considered critique of the school (pp. 44-56). Among the international contingent are Canadians (Robert Jackson), Danes (Ole Waever), and Scots (Andrew Linklater).
6. Hidemi Suganami, 'C. A. W. Manning and the study of International Relations', Review of International Studies 27: 1, 2001, p. 100.
7. Jones, op. cit., pp. 1, 3. As Jones pointed out, the concern with 'international society' was reflected in the titles of the members' books: Manning, The nature of international society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1963); Bull, The anarchical society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Purnell, The society of states: an introduction to international politics (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973); Donelan, ed., The reason of states: a study in international political theory (London: Allen & Unwin, 1978).
8. Jones, op. cit., pp. 1, 3. As Jones pointed out, the concern with 'international society' was reflected in the titles of the members' books: Manning, The nature of international society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1963); Bull, The anarchical society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Purnell, The society of states: an introduction to international politics (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973); Donelan, ed., The reason of states: a study in international political theory (London: Allen & Unwin, 1978).
9. Jones, op. cit., pp. 1, 3. As Jones pointed out, the concern with 'international society' was reflected in the titles of the members' books: Manning, The nature of international society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1963); Bull, The anarchical society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Purnell, The society of states: an introduction to international politics (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973); Donelan, ed., The reason of states: a study in international political theory (London: Allen & Unwin, 1978).
10. Jones, op. cit., pp. 1, 3. As Jones pointed out, the concern with 'international society' was reflected in the titles of the members' books: Manning, The nature of international society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1963); Bull, The anarchical society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Purnell, The society of states: an introduction to international politics (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973); Donelan, ed., The reason of states: a study in international political theory (London: Allen & Unwin, 1978).
11. Jones, op. cit., pp. 1, 3. As Jones pointed out, the concern with 'international society' was reflected in the titles of the members' books: Manning, The nature of international society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1963); Bull, The anarchical society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1977); Purnell, The society of states: an introduction to international politics (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973); Donelan, ed., The reason of states: a study in international political theory (London: Allen & Unwin, 1978).
12. Jones, op. cit., pp. 1, 12.
13. Sheila Grader, 'The English school of international relations: evidence and evaluation', Review of International Studies 14: 1, 1988, pp. 29-44.
14. This idea surfaces, for example, in N. J. Rengger, 'Serpents and doves in classical international theory', Millennium: Journal of International Studies 17: 2, 1988, pp. 215-25.
15. Rick Fawn and Jeremy Larkins, eds, International society after the Cold War: anarchy and order reconsidered (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996), p. xi.
16. Buzan and Little, International systems, p. 28.
17. Dunne, Inventing international society, pp. xi, 1.
18. Brian C. Schmidt, The political discourse of anarchy: a disciplinary history of International Relations (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1998).
19. Zimmern discusses the necessity of 'sociable' relations between states in his Spiritual values in world affairs (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939), p. 148. See also Schwarzenberger's extensive discussion of 'international society' in Power politics: an introduction to the study of international relations and post-war planning (London: Jonathan Cape, 1941).
20. Zimmern discusses the necessity of 'sociable' relations between states in his Spiritual values in world affairs (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939), p. 148. See also Schwarzenberger's extensive discussion of 'international society' in Power politics: an introduction to the study of international relations and post-war planning (London: Jonathan Cape, 1941).
21. Williams to Butterfield, 13 June 1960, Butterfield Papers 531(iii)/W305; Butterfield to Williams, 1 July 1960, Butterfield Papers 531(iii)/W309, Cambridge University Library.
22. Butterfield to Bull, 29 August 1978, Bull MSS temporary file number 4/1, Bodleian Library, Oxford.
23. Dunne, op. cit., p. 37.
24. Butterfield to Williams, 1 July 1960, Butterfield Papers 531(iii)/W309.
25. Dunne, op. cit., pp. 13, 182.
26. Roger Epp, 'Martin Wight: International Relations as a realm of persuasion', in F. A. Beer and R. Hariman, eds, Post-realism: the rhetorical turn in International Relations (East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press, 1996), p. 122.
27. Jonathan Haslam, The vices of integrity: E. H. Carr 1892-1982 (London: Verso, 1999), pp. 207-9.
28. Dunne, op. cit., p. 5.
29. 'Discussion on the objects of the Committee', 20 September 1959, British Committee Papers 5, Royal Institute of International Affairs.
30. Dunne, op. cit., p. 183.
31. Hedley Bull, 'Recent American contributions to the theory of international politics', 8-11 January 1965, Butterfield Papers 331.
32. Herbert Butterfield, Untitled paper on scientific method in international theory, April 1968, Butterfield Papers 109/2.
33. Hedley Bull, 'International theory: the case for the classical approach', World Politics 3, 1966, pp. 361-77.
34. F. S. Northedge, The international political system (London: Faber & Faber, 1976), p. 321.
35. C. A. W. Manning, The university teaching of the social sciences: International Relations (Geneva: UNESCO, 1954), pp. 33, 69.
36. Ibid., pp. 56, 67.
37. Whether this group constitutes a 'school' remains open to question. It almost certainly is the case, as Suganami has argued, that endless argument over who is 'in' or 'out' of the English school will achieve little (Suganami, op. cit., p. 100). As I have tried to demonstrate, however, there are a number of good reasons for regarding Manning, Northedge and the rest, as a school of sorts. The 'English school' does, however, seem to be an inappropriate label - the 'LSE school' would perhaps be the most fitting sobriquet.
38. Dunne, op. cit., p. xi; Andrew Linklater, 'The transformation of political community: E. H. Carr, critical theory and international relations', Review of International Studies 23, 1997, pp. 321-38.
39. Dunne, op. cit., p. xi; Andrew Linklater, 'The transformation of political community: E. H. Carr, critical theory and international relations', Review of International Studies 23, 1997, pp. 321-38.
40. See, for example, Dunne and Wheeler's introduction to their edited book Human rights in global politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 1-28, and Linklater's Beyond realism and Marxism: critical theory and International Relations (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990).
41. See, for example, Dunne and Wheeler's introduction to their edited book Human rights in global politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 1-28, and Linklater's Beyond realism and Marxism: critical theory and International Relations (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990).
42. Jackson, Global covenant, pp. 83, 92-5.
43. Hedley Bull, 'International Relations as an academic pursuit', in Kai Alderson and Andrew Hurrell, eds, Hedley Bull on international society (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000), p. 261.
44. W. A. Lewis, M. Scott, C. Legum and M. Wight, Attitude to Africa (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1951).
45. Jackson, op. cit., p. 408.
46. Ibid., p. 57.
47. Keens-Soper, Europe in the world, p. xi.
48. Ibid., p. 56.
49. Ibid., p. 173.
50. Ibid., p. 72.
51. Barry Buzan, 'From international system to international society: structural realism and regime theory meet the English school', International Organization 47: 3, 1993, p. 327.
52. Buzan and Little, op. cit., p. 1.
53. Ibid., p. 408.
54. See Martin Wight's Systems of states, Hedley Bull, ed., (Leicester: Leicester University Press/London: LSE, 1977) and Adam Watson's The evolution of international society: a comparative historical analysis (London, New York: Routledge, 1992).
55. See Martin Wight's Systems of states, Hedley Bull, ed., (Leicester: Leicester University Press/London: LSE, 1977) and Adam Watson's The evolution of international society: a comparative historical analysis (London, New York: Routledge, 1992).
56. Herbert Butterfield, 'The moral framework of International Relations', unpublished paper, Butterfield Papers 110.
57. Buzan and Little, op. cit., pp. 203-9.
58. Elie Kedourie, 'Arnold J. Toynbee: history as paradox', Encounter 42: 5, 1974, p. 58.
59. See, for example, Wight's 'The origins of our states-system: chronological limits', in his Systems of states, pp. 129-52, in which he locates the 'dividing line' between the medieval 'papal monarchy' and the modern international system at the Council of Constance, 1414-18 (p. 131).
60. Herbert Butterfield, 'Marxist history', in his History and human relations (London: Collins, 1951), p. 66.
61. Keens-Soper was a student of both Bull and Wight at the LSE, and a member of the British Committee.
62. Dunne has attempted to ally constructivism and the English school in 'The social construction of international society', European Journal of International Relations 1: 3, 1995, pp. 367-89.
63. See, for instance, Roger Epp's 'The English school on the frontiers of international society: a hermeneutic recollection', Review of International Studies 24, Special Issue, 1998, p. 48.
64. Murray Forsyth, 'The classical tradition of international relations', Political Studies 26: 3, 1978, pp. 411-16.