Emancipatory pedagogy?: Women's bodies and the creative process in dance

Frontiers

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 124-140

  Green, Jill ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0039847518     PISSN: 01609009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3347114     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Jill Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body in Dance Education," Dance Research Journal 31:2 (1999): 30-101.
2. Michel Foucault's idea of "surveillance" is explored in his Disciple and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans., Alan Sheridan (New York: Vintage, 1979).
3. Elizabeth Ellsworth, "Why Doesn't This Feel Empowering? Working Through the Repressive Myths of Critical Pedagogy," in Feminisms and Critical Pedagogy, Carmen Luke and Jennifer Gore, eds. (New York: Routledge, 1992), 90-119.
4. I refer to body-awareness approaches and modalities that I used to help students become aware of inner bodily perceptions as "somatic practices." Some of the somatic awareness practices offered during the course include Kinetic Awareness, Feldenkrais Awareness Through Movement, progressive relaxation, visualization and imagery, Ideokinesis, and breathing techniques, among other approaches. I use uppercase titles to identify approaches that have been developed and registered or trademarked as separate systems and use lowercase titles for more general techniques or approaches. My intention is not to apply a specific approach or practice, but to find ways to help students identify the inner messages of the body.
5. Vera John-Steiner, Notebooks of the Mind: Explorations of Thinking (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 219.
6. Morton Bloomberg, "Introduction: Approaches to Creativity," in Creativity: Theory and Research, Morton Bloomberg, ed. (New Haven, Conn.: College and University Press, 1973), 1-5; and John-Steiner, Notebooks of the Mind, 219.
7. Morton Bloomberg, "Introduction: Approaches to Creativity," in Creativity: Theory and Research, Morton Bloomberg, ed. (New Haven, Conn.: College and University Press, 1973), 1-5; and John-Steiner, Notebooks of the Mind, 219.
8. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
9. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
10. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
11. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
12. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
13. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
14. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
15. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
16. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
17. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
18. See Erich Fromm, "The Creative Attitude," in Creativity and Its Cultivation: Addresses Presented at the Interdisciplinary Symposia on Creativity, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, Harold H. Anderson, ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1959), 44-54; Charles M. Johnston, The Creative Imperative: A Four-Dimensional Theory of Human Growth and Planetary Evolution (Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts, 1986); Abraham H. Maslow, "The Creative Attitude," in Explorations In Creativity, Ross L. Mooney and Taher A. Razik, eds. (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 43-54; Abraham H. Maslow, Toward a Psychology Of Being (New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1999); Rollo May, "Creativity and Encounter," in The Creative Imagination, Hendrik M. Ruitenback, ed. (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), 283-92; Rollo May, The Courage to Create (New York: Norton, 1975); Sidney J. Parnes, "Aha!" in Perspectives in Creativity, Irving A. Taylor and Jacob W. Getzels, eds. (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1975), 224-48; Morris I. Stein, Stimulating Creativity: Vol. 1. Individual Procedures (New York: Academic Press, 1974); Ellis Paul Torrance, "Nurture of Creative Talents," in Explorations in Creativity, Mooney and Razik, eds., 185-93; Ellis Paul Torrance, Claire B. Clements, and Kathy Goff, "Mind-Body Learning Among the Elderly: Arts, Fitness, Incubation," The Educational Forum 54:1 (1989): 123-36; and Ellis Paul Torrance and J. Pansy Torrance, Is Creativity Teachable? (Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1973).
19. See Livia Pohlman, "Creativity, Gender and the Family: A Study Of Creative Writers," The Journal of Creative Behavior 30:1 (1996): 1-24. Pohlman includes the work of Teresa M. Amabile, The Social Psychology of Creativity (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983); and Mihaly Csikszentmihalayi, "Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity," in The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, Robert J. Sternberg, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press), 1988), 325-29. See also Mary Clare Powell, "On Creativity and Social Change," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:1 (1994): 21-32; anc. Peter Wesenberg, "Bridging the Individual-Social Divide: A New Perspective for Understanding and Stimulating Creativity in Organizations," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:3 (1994): 177-92.
20. See Livia Pohlman, "Creativity, Gender and the Family: A Study Of Creative Writers," The Journal of Creative Behavior 30:1 (1996): 1-24. Pohlman includes the work of Teresa M. Amabile, The Social Psychology of Creativity (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983); and Mihaly Csikszentmihalayi, "Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity," in The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, Robert J. Sternberg, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press), 1988), 325-29. See also Mary Clare Powell, "On Creativity and Social Change," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:1 (1994): 21-32; anc. Peter Wesenberg, "Bridging the Individual-Social Divide: A New Perspective for Understanding and Stimulating Creativity in Organizations," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:3 (1994): 177-92.
21. See Livia Pohlman, "Creativity, Gender and the Family: A Study Of Creative Writers," The Journal of Creative Behavior 30:1 (1996): 1-24. Pohlman includes the work of Teresa M. Amabile, The Social Psychology of Creativity (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983); and Mihaly Csikszentmihalayi, "Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity," in The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, Robert J. Sternberg, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press), 1988), 325-29. See also Mary Clare Powell, "On Creativity and Social Change," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:1 (1994): 21-32; anc. Peter Wesenberg, "Bridging the Individual-Social Divide: A New Perspective for Understanding and Stimulating Creativity in Organizations," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:3 (1994): 177-92.
22. See Livia Pohlman, "Creativity, Gender and the Family: A Study Of Creative Writers," The Journal of Creative Behavior 30:1 (1996): 1-24. Pohlman includes the work of Teresa M. Amabile, The Social Psychology of Creativity (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983); and Mihaly Csikszentmihalayi, "Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity," in The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, Robert J. Sternberg, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press), 1988), 325-29. See also Mary Clare Powell, "On Creativity and Social Change," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:1 (1994): 21-32; anc. Peter Wesenberg, "Bridging the Individual-Social Divide: A New Perspective for Understanding and Stimulating Creativity in Organizations," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:3 (1994): 177-92.
23. See Livia Pohlman, "Creativity, Gender and the Family: A Study Of Creative Writers," The Journal of Creative Behavior 30:1 (1996): 1-24. Pohlman includes the work of Teresa M. Amabile, The Social Psychology of Creativity (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983); and Mihaly Csikszentmihalayi, "Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity," in The Nature of Creativity: Contemporary Psychological Perspectives, Robert J. Sternberg, ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press), 1988), 325-29. See also Mary Clare Powell, "On Creativity and Social Change," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:1 (1994): 21-32; anc. Peter Wesenberg, "Bridging the Individual-Social Divide: A New Perspective for Understanding and Stimulating Creativity in Organizations," The Journal of Creative Behavior 28:3 (1994): 177-92.
24. Pohlman, "Creativity, Gender, and the Family," 1.
25. Jill Green, "Choreographing a Postmodern Turn: The Creative Process and Somatics," Impulse 4:4 (1996): 267-75. In this article I address a reconceptualization of the creative process in light of an earlier investigation into the relationship between somatic practice (body-mind systems of movement) and creativity. The article explores an analysis of creativity through a posthumanistic lens. From this position, somatic and creative pedagogical work may be tools for personal change, but are also inseparable from sociopolitical change.
26. Pseudonyms were used in this study.
27. Don Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom (Berkeley, Calif.: North Atlantic Books and Somatic Resources, 1992).
28. Contact Improvisation is a dance form, starred in the late sixties and early seventies, that is very popular in dance venues and classes today. It is "most frequently performed as a duet, in silence, with dancers supporting each others' weight while in motion. Unlike wrestlers, who exert their strength to control a partner, contact improvisers use momentum to move in concert with a partner's weight, rolling, suspending, lurching together" (Cynthia J. Novack, Sharing the Dance: Contact Improvisation and American Culture, [Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990], 8). Sometimes, however, Contact Improvisation is performed in groups, using additional music, while the dancers improvise their movement and share weight together.
29. Lee Quinby, Freedom, Foucault, and the Subject of America (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1991), 12.
30. See Frigga Haug, et al., Female Sexualization (London: Verso, 1987); Jane Gallop, Thinking Through the Body (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994); Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body"; Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom; Susan W. Stinson, "Body of Knowledge," Educational Theory 45:1 (1995): 43-54; and Donna Wilshire, "The Uses of Myth, Image, and the Female Body in Re-visioning Knowledge," in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo, eds., (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 92-114.
31. See Frigga Haug, et al., Female Sexualization (London: Verso, 1987); Jane Gallop, Thinking Through the Body (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994); Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body"; Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom; Susan W. Stinson, "Body of Knowledge," Educational Theory 45:1 (1995): 43-54; and Donna Wilshire, "The Uses of Myth, Image, and the Female Body in Re-visioning Knowledge," in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo, eds., (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 92-114.
32. See Frigga Haug, et al., Female Sexualization (London: Verso, 1987); Jane Gallop, Thinking Through the Body (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994); Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body"; Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom; Susan W. Stinson, "Body of Knowledge," Educational Theory 45:1 (1995): 43-54; and Donna Wilshire, "The Uses of Myth, Image, and the Female Body in Re-visioning Knowledge," in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo, eds., (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 92-114.
33. See Frigga Haug, et al., Female Sexualization (London: Verso, 1987); Jane Gallop, Thinking Through the Body (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994); Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body"; Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom; Susan W. Stinson, "Body of Knowledge," Educational Theory 45:1 (1995): 43-54; and Donna Wilshire, "The Uses of Myth, Image, and the Female Body in Re-visioning Knowledge," in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo, eds., (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 92-114.
34. See Frigga Haug, et al., Female Sexualization (London: Verso, 1987); Jane Gallop, Thinking Through the Body (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994); Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body"; Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom; Susan W. Stinson, "Body of Knowledge," Educational Theory 45:1 (1995): 43-54; and Donna Wilshire, "The Uses of Myth, Image, and the Female Body in Re-visioning Knowledge," in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo, eds., (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 92-114.
35. See Frigga Haug, et al., Female Sexualization (London: Verso, 1987); Jane Gallop, Thinking Through the Body (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994); Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body"; Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom; Susan W. Stinson, "Body of Knowledge," Educational Theory 45:1 (1995): 43-54; and Donna Wilshire, "The Uses of Myth, Image, and the Female Body in Re-visioning Knowledge," in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo, eds., (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 92-114.
36. See Frigga Haug, et al., Female Sexualization (London: Verso, 1987); Jane Gallop, Thinking Through the Body (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988); bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994); Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body"; Johnson, Body: Recovering Our Sensual Wisdom; Susan W. Stinson, "Body of Knowledge," Educational Theory 45:1 (1995): 43-54; and Donna Wilshire, "The Uses of Myth, Image, and the Female Body in Re-visioning Knowledge," in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, Alison M. Jaggar and Susan R. Bordo, eds., (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989), 92-114.
37. See, for example, Roger I. Simon and Donald Dippo, "On Critical Ethnographic Work," Anthropology and Education Quarterly 17:4 (1986): 195-202; and Peter McLaren, Life In Schools: An Introduction To Critical Pedagogy In the Foundations of Education (New York: Longman, 1994).
38. See, for example, Roger I. Simon and Donald Dippo, "On Critical Ethnographic Work," Anthropology and Education Quarterly 17:4 (1986): 195-202; and Peter McLaren, Life In Schools: An Introduction To Critical Pedagogy In the Foundations of Education (New York: Longman, 1994).
39. Foucault, Discipline and Punishment, and Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: Vol. 1. An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (New York: Vintage, 1980). Arthur Frank, "Bringing Bodies Back In: A Decade Review," Theory, Culture & Society 7:1 (1990): 132.
40. Foucault, Discipline and Punishment, and Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: Vol. 1. An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (New York: Vintage, 1980). Arthur Frank, "Bringing Bodies Back In: A Decade Review," Theory, Culture & Society 7:1 (1990): 132.
41. Foucault, Discipline and Punishment, and Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: Vol. 1. An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (New York: Vintage, 1980). Arthur Frank, "Bringing Bodies Back In: A Decade Review," Theory, Culture & Society 7:1 (1990): 132.
42. Elizabeth Grosz, Volatile Bodies: Towards a Corporeal Feminism (Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994), 187.
43. hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 139.
44. hooks, Teaching to Transgress, 193.
45. Lois McNay, Foucault and Feminism: Power, Gender, and the Self (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1993), 27.
46. Patricia Ann Lather, Getting Smart: Feminist Research and Pedagogy With/In the Postmodern (New York: Routledge, 1991), 144.
47. Powell, "On Creativity and Social Change," 30.
48. Powell, "On Creativity and Social Change," 30.
49. See Green, "Somatic Authority and the Myth of the Ideal Body," for a discussion about the specific bodily issues that emerged from this project.