Extraction, cleanup, and fractionation methods

Chemical Analysis

Volumn 151, Issue , 1999, Pages 17-61

  Seiber, James N ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039723312     PISSN: 00692883     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. J. W. Biggar, and J. N. Seiber, eds., Fate of Pesticides in the Environment, Chapter 5, Publication 3320, Agricultural Experiment Station, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ. California, Oakland, CA, 1987.
2. L. R. Snyder, and J. J. Kirkland, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, 1979, pp. 248-251.
3. B. T. Bowman, and W. K. Sans, The aqueous solubility of twenty-seven insecticides and related compounds. J. Environ. Sci. Health, 6, 625-634 (1979).
4. W. Y. Shiu, K. C. Ma, D. Mackay, J. N. Seiber, and R. D. Wauchope, Solubilities of pesticide chemicals in water. Part I. Environmental physical chemistry, Rev. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 116, 1-13 (1990).
5. W. Y. Shiu, K. C. Ma, D. Mackay, J. N. Seiber, and R. D. Wauchope, Solubilities of pesticide chemicals in water. Part II. Data compilation. Rev. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 116, 15-187 (1990).
6. W. J. Lyman, W. F. Reehl, and D. H. Rosenblatt, Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1982.
7. F. A. Gunther, W. E. Westlake, and P. S. Jaglan, Reported solubilities of 738 pesticide chemicals in water, Residue Rev. 20, 1-148 (1968).
8. S. P. Wasik, M. M. Miller, Y. B. Tewari, W. E. May, W. J. Sonnefeld, H. DeVoe, and W. H. Zoller, Determination of the vapor pressure, aqueous solubility, and octanol-water partition coefficient of hydrophobic substances by coupled generator column/liquid chromatographic methods, Res. Rev. 85, 29-42 (1983).
9. F. N. A. Rummens, and F. J. A. Louman, Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of thiocarbamate herbicides, J. Agric. Food Chem. 18, 1161-1164 (1970).
10. C. T. Chiou, R. L. Malcolm, T. I. Brinton, and D. E. Kile, Water solubility enhancement of some organic pollutants and pesticides by dissolved humic and fulvic acids, Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 501-508 (1986).
11. R. P. Schwarzenbach, P. M. Gschwend, and D. M. Imboden, Environmental Organic Chemistry, Wiley, New York, 1993, Chapter 7.
12. A. Leo, C. Hansch, and D. Elkins, Partition coefficients and their uses, Chem. Rev. 71, 525-621 (1971).
13. C. Hansch, and A. J. Leo, Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology, Wiley, New York, (1979).
14. USDHHS, Pesticide Analytical Manual, 1994 and prior versions, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.
15. L. R. Suntio, W. Y. Shiu, D. Mackay, J. N. Seiber, and D. E. Glotfelty, Critical review of Henry's law constants for pesticides. Rev. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 103, 1-59 (1988).
16. Y. H. Kim, J. E. Woodrow, and J. N. Seiber, Evaluation of a gas chromatographic method for calculating vapor pressures with organophosphorus pesticides, J. Chromatogr. 314, 37-53 (1984).
17. N. N. Melnikov, Chemistry of pesticides, Res. Rev. 36, 1-427 (1971).
18. W. F. Spencer, and M. M. Cliath, Measurement of pesticide vapor pressures, Res. Rev. 85, 57-71 (1983).
19. D. Mackay, and A. W. Wolkoff, Rate of evaporation of low-solubility contaminants from water bodies to atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol. 7, 611-614 (1972).
20. J. C. Sagebiel, J. N. Seiber, and J. E. Woodrow, Comparison of headspace and gas-stripping methods for determining the Henry's Law constant (H) for organic compounds of low to intermediate H, Chemosphere 25, 1736-1768 (1992).
21. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Official Methods of Analysis, 1st suppl. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists Inc., Arlington, VA, 1990, pp. 8-12.
22. A. A. Boyd-Boland, M. Chai, Y. Luo, Z. Zhang, M. Yang, J. Rawliszyn, and T. Goreck, New solvent-free sample preparation techniques, Environ. Sci. Technol. 28, 569A (1994).
23. J. E. Woodrow, M. S. Majewski, and J. N. Seiber, Accumulative sampling of trace pesticides and other organics in surface water using XAD-4 resin, J. Environ. Sci. Health 21 (2), 143-164 (1986).
24. J. N. Seiber, J. E. Woodrow, Methods for studying pesticide atomospheric dispersal and fate at treated areas, Res. Rev. 85, 217-229 (1983).
25. R. L. Jolley, and I. H. Suffet, Concentration techniques for isolating organic constituents environmental water samples, in I. H Suffet, and Malaiyandi, eds., Organic Pollutants in Water, ACS Symposium Series, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, (1987).
26. B. C. Turner, and D. E. Glotfelty, Field sampling of pesticide vapors with Polyurethane foam, Anal. Chem. 49, 7 (1977).
27. L. H. Keith, and W.A. Telliard, Priority pollutants: A perspective view. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 416-417 (1979).
28. L. H. Keith, ed., Compilation of EPA's Sampling and Analysis Methods, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, 1992.
29. B. Kolb, Applied Headspace Gas Chromatography, Heyden, London, 1982.
30. J. E. Woodrow, and J. N. Seiber, Two chamber methods for the determination of pesticide flux from contaminated soil and water Chemosphere 23, 291-304 (1991).
31. J. E. Woodrow, M. M. McChesney, and J. N. Seiber, Determination of ethylene oxide in spices using headspace gas chromatography J. Agric. Food. Chem. 43, 2126-2129 (1995).
32. Environmental Protection Agency, Manual of Methods for Pesticides in Human and Environmental Samples, Washington, DC (1980).
33. M. A. Luke, J. E. Froberg, and H. T. Matsumoto, Extraction and cleanup of organochlorine organophosphate, organonitrogen, and hydrocarbon pesticides in produce for determination by gas-liquid chromatography, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Intl. 58, 1020-1026 (1975).
34. S. M. Lee, M. L. Papathakis, H. C. fong, G. F. Hunter, and J. E. Carr, Multipesticide residue method for fruits and vegetables: California Department of Food and Agriculture, Fresinius J. Anal. Chem. 399, 376-383 (1991).
35. H. Steinwandter, Universal extraction and cleanup methods, in Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, J. Sherma ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 1989, Chapter 2, pp. 35-73.
36. Office of Technology Assessment, Pesticide Residues in Food. Technologies for Detection. U.S. Congress, OTA-F-398. Washington, DC, Oct. 1988.
37. 14C treated rice root tissue, in Bound and Conjugated Pesticide Residues, D. D. Kaufman, G. G. Still, G. D. Paulson, and S. K. Brandal, eds., ACS Symposium Series 29, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1976.
38. D. E. Pack, Paraquat, in Analytical Methods for Pesticides, Plant Growth Regulators, and Food Additives, G. Zweig, ed., Academic Press, New York, 1967 Chapter 32, pp. 473-481.
39. J. N. Seiber, and J. E. Woodrow, Sampling and analysis of airborne residues of paraquat in treated cotton field environments. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 10 133-149 (1981).
40. S. U. Khan, Supercritical fluid extraction of bound pesticide residues from soil and food commodoties, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 43, 1718 (1995).
41. G. Zweig, and J. Sherma, eds., Sample preparation, in Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, Vol. VI, Academic Press, New York, 1972, pp. 1-38.
42. J. N. Seiber, Conventional pesticide analytical methods: Can they be improved? in Office of Technology Assessment, Pesticide Residues in Food Technologies for Detection. U.S. Congress, OTA-F-398, Washington, DC, Oct. 1988, pp. 142-152.
43. J. R. Pearson, F. D. Aldrich, and A. W. Stone, Identification of the aldrin artifact. J. Agric. Food Chem., 15, 938-939.
44. L. D. Sawyer, The development of analytical methods for pesticide residues, in Pesticide Residues in Foods. Technologies for Detection, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, OTA-F-358, Washington, DC, Oct. 1988, pp. 112-122.
45. L. D. Sawyer, B. M. McMahon, W. H. Newsome, and G. A. Parker, Pesticide and industrial chemical residues, in Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed., Arlington, VA, 1990, Chapter 10.
46. M. A. Luke, The evolution of a multiresidue pesticide method, in 8th Intl. Cong. of Pesticide Chemistry: Options 2000, N. N. Ragsdale, P. C. Kearney, and J. R. Plimmer, eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1995, 174-182.
47. P. A. Mills, et al., Rapid method for chlorinated pesticide residues in non-fatty foods. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Intl. 46, 186-191 (1963).
48. P. A. Mills, Detection and semiquantitative estimation of chlorinated organic pesticide residues in foods by paper chromatography, J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem. 42, 738-740 (1959).
49. M. A. Luke, J. E. Froberg, G. M. Doose, and H. T. Masumoto, Improved multiresidue gas chromatographic determination of organophosphorus, organonitrogen, and organohalogen pesticides in produce using flame photometric and electrolytic conductivity detectors, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Intl. 64, 1187-1195 (1981).
50. M. Beroza, M. N. Inscoe, and M. C. Bowman, Distribution of pesticides in immiscible binary solvent systems for cleanup and identification and its application in the extraction of pesticides from milk, Res. Rev. 30, 1-62.
51. T. Cairns, M. A. Luke, K. S. Chiu, D. Navarro, and E. Siegmund, Multiresidue pesticide analysis by ion-trap technology: a clean-up approach for mass spectral analysis, Rapid Commun. Mass Spec. 7, 1070-1076 (1993).
52. R. T. Krause, Multiresidue method for determining N-methylcarbamate insecticides in crops using high performance liquid chromatography. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 63, 1114-1124 (1980).
53. E. Q. Laws, and D. J. Webley, The determination of organophosphorous insecticides in vegetables, Analyst, 86, 249-255 (1961).
54. J. Sherma, and T. M. Shafik, A multiclass, multiresidue method for pesticides in air. Arch. Env. Contamin. Toxicol. 3, 55 (1975).
55. J. N. Seiber, D. E. Glotfelty, A. D. Lucas, M. M. McChesney, J. C. Sagebiel and T. A. Wehner, A multiresidue method by high performance liquid chromatography-based fractionation and gas chromatographic determination of trace levels of pesticides in air and water. Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 19, 583-592 (1990).
56. J. N. Seiber, M. M. McChesney, R. Kon, and R. A. Leavitt, Analysis of glyphosate residues in kiwi fruit and asparagus using high performance liquid chromatography of derivatized glyphosate as a cleanup step, J. Agric. Food Chem. 32, 678-681 (1984).
57. S. J. Lehotay, K. I. Eller, Development of a method of analysis for 46 pesticides in fruits and vegetables, by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography / ion trap spectrometry, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Intl. 78, 821-830 (1995).
58. S. J. Lehotay, N. Aharonson, E. Pfeil, and M. A. Ibrahim, Development of a sample preparation technique for supercritical fluid extraction for multiresidue analysis of pesticides in produce, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Intl. 78, 831-840 (1995).
59. J. J. Johnson, E. E. Sturino, and S. Bourne, An Automated Gas Chromatographic System for Pesticide Residue Analysis, Report, 905/4-77-001 EPA, (1977).
60. D. L. Stallings, R. C. Tindle, and J. L. Johnson, Cleanup of pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in fish extracts by gel permeation chromatography. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 55, 32-38 (1972).
61. D. M. Holstege, D. L. Scharberg, E. R. Richardson, and G. Moller, Multiresidue screen for organophosphorus insecticides using gel permeation chromatography - silica gel cleanup, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 74, 394-399 (1991).
62. B. E. Kropscott, C. N. Peck, and H. G. Lento, The role of robotic automation in the laboratory, in Office of Technology Assessment, Pesticide Residues in Foods: Technologies for Detection U.S. Congress, OTA-F-398, Washington, DC, Oct. 1988. pp. 163-170.
63. R. W. Storherr, and R. R. Watts, A sweep co-distillation cleanup method for organophosphate pesticides I. Recoveries from fortified crops, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 48, 1154-1158 (1965).
64. B. G. Luke, Sweep codistillation: recent developments and applications, in Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators, J. Sherma. ed., Academic Press, San Diego, 1989, Vol. XVII, Chapter 3, pp. 75-117.
65. Y. Kimura, V. L. Miller, A modified analytical method for microgram amounts of metaldehyde in plant material, J. Agric. Food Chem. 12, 249 (1964).
66. H. A. McLeod, Low temperature apparatus for cleanup of biological sample extracts, Anal. Chem. 44, 1328 (1972).
67. T. E. Archer, and D. G. Crosby, Dehydrohalogenation of toxaphene, Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 1, 70-75 (1966).
68. H. A. Moye, and P. A. St. John, A critical comparison of pre-column and post-column fluorogenic labeling for the HPLC analysis of pesticide residues, in Pesticide Analytical Methodology, J. Harvey, Jr., J and G. Zweig, eds., ACS Symposium Series 136, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (1980) Chapter 6, pp. 89-102.
69. J. R. Pardue, Multiresidue method for the chromatographic determination of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in raw agricultural products, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Intl. 78, 856-862 (1995).
70. M. L. Langhorst, and L. A. Shadoff, Determination of parts-per-trillion concentrations of tetra-, hexa-, hepta-, and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in human milk samples, Anal. Chem. 52, 2037-2044 (1980).
71. R. E. Clement, Utratrace dioxin and dibenzofuran analysis: 30 years of advances, Anal. Chem. 63, 1130A-1139A (1991).