Adolescents' midpoint responses on Likert-type scale items: Neutral or missing values?

International Journal of Public Opinion Research

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 207-215

  Raaijmakers, Quinten A W ^a   Van Hoof, Anne ^a   'T Hart, Harm ^a   Verbogt, Tom F M A ^a   Vollebergh, Wilma A M ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039591344     PISSN: 09542892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Althaus, S. (1996): 'Opinion polls, information effects, and political equality: Exploring ideological biases in collective opinion', Political Communication, 13, 3-21.
2. Ayidiya, S. A. and McClendon, M. J. (1990): 'Response effects in mail surveys', Public Opinion Quarterly, 54, 229-47.
3. Chen, C., Lee, S., and Stevenson, H. W. (1995): 'Response style and cross-cultural comparisons of rating scales among East Asian and North American students', Psychological Science, 6, 170-75.
4. Converse, J. M. (1976): 'Predicting No Opinion in the polls', Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 515-30.
5. Feldman, S. (1989): 'Measuring issue preferences: The problem of response instability', Political Analysis, I, 25-60.
6. Ferber, R. (1966): 'Item nonresponse in a consumer survey', Public Opinion Quarterly, 30, 399-415.
7. Flavell, J. H. (1977): Cognitive development, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall.
8. Francis, J. D. and Busch, L. (1975): 'What we now know about "I don't knows"', Public Opinion Quarterly, 39, 207-18.
9. Gilgen, A. R. and Barnholtz, A. (1992): 'The BEM Sex-Role Inventory as an index of response tendencies to scales in Likert format', Psychological Reports, 71, 796-8.
10. Jennings, M. K. and Markus, G. B. (1988): 'Political involvement in the later years: A longitudinal study', American Journal of Political Science, 32, 302-16.
11. Krosnick, J. A. and Fabrigar, C. R. (1997): 'Designing rating scales for effective measurement in surveys'. In L. Lyberg, P. Biemer, M. Collins, E. de Leeuw, C. Dippo, N. Schwarz, and D. Trewin (eds.), Survey Measurement and Process Quality, New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 141-64.
12. Krosnick, J. A., Narayan, S., and Smith, W. R. (1996): 'Satisficing in surveys: Initial evidence', New Directions for Program Evaluation, 70, 29-44.
13. Lambert, R. D. (1983): 'Question design, response set and the measurement of Left/Right thinking in survey research', Canadian Journal of Political Science, 16, 135-44.
14. Meeus, W. and 't Hart, H. (1993): Jongeren in Nederland [Youth in the Netherlands], Amersfoort, Acco.
15. Middendorp, C. P. (1991): Ideology in Dutch politics. The democratic system reconsidered 1970-1985, Assen/Maastricht, The Netherlands, van Gorcum.
16. Narayan, S. and Krosnick, J. A. (1996): 'Education moderates some response effects in attitude measurement', Public Opinion Quarterly, 60, 58-88.
17. Neimark, E. D. (1975): 'Intellectual development during adolescence'. In F. D. Horowitz (ed.), Review of Child Development Research, Vol. 4, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
18. Presser, S. and Schuman, H. (1980): 'The measurement of a middle position in attitude surveys', Public Opinion Quarterly, 44, 70-85.
19. Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Verbogt, T. F. M. A. and Vollebergh, W. A. M. (1998): 'Moral reasoning and political beliefs of Dutch adolescents and young adults', Journal of Social Issues, 54, 531-46.
20. Rapoport, R. B. (1982): 'Sex differences in attitude expression: A generational explanation', Public Opinion Quarterly, 46, 86-96.
21. Ryan, M. (1980): 'The Likert scale's midpoint in communications research', Journalism Quarterly, 57, 305-13.
22. Schuman, H. and Presser, S. (1977): 'Question wording as an independent variable in survey analysis', Sociological Methods and Research, 6, 151-70.
23. Schwarz, N., Park, D. C., Knauper, B., and Sudman, S. (eds.) (1999): Cognition, Aging, and Self-Reports, Philadelphia, PA, Taylor & Francis Group.
24. Tuohy, A. P. and Stradling, S. G. (1987): 'Maximum salience vs. golden selection proportions in judgemental asymmetry', British Journal of Psychology, 78, 457-64.
25. Vollebergh, W. A. M. (1991): The Limits of Tolerance, Unpublished dissertation, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Utrecht University.
26. Watts, M. W. (1999): 'Are there typical age curves in political behavior? The "age invariance" hypothesis and political socialization', Political Psychology, 20, 477-99.