Postsocialism as a return: Notes on a discursive strategy

East European Politics and Societies

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 377-389

  Lagerspetz, Mikko ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0039446520     PISSN: 08883254     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0888325499013002019     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Zygmunt Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity (London and New York: Routledge, 1993); Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History?" The National Interest (Summer 1989): 3-18; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992); Francis Fukuyama, "The Modernizing Imperative. The USSR as an Ordinary Country," The National Interest (Spring 1993): 10-18; Jürgen Habermas, "What does Socialism Mean Today? The Rectifying Revolution and the Need for New Thinking on the Left," New Left Review 183 (September - October 1990): 3-21.
2. Zygmunt Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity (London and New York: Routledge, 1993); Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History?" The National Interest (Summer 1989): 3-18; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992); Francis Fukuyama, "The Modernizing Imperative. The USSR as an Ordinary Country," The National Interest (Spring 1993): 10-18; Jürgen Habermas, "What does Socialism Mean Today? The Rectifying Revolution and the Need for New Thinking on the Left," New Left Review 183 (September - October 1990): 3-21.
3. Zygmunt Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity (London and New York: Routledge, 1993); Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History?" The National Interest (Summer 1989): 3-18; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992); Francis Fukuyama, "The Modernizing Imperative. The USSR as an Ordinary Country," The National Interest (Spring 1993): 10-18; Jürgen Habermas, "What does Socialism Mean Today? The Rectifying Revolution and the Need for New Thinking on the Left," New Left Review 183 (September - October 1990): 3-21.
4. Zygmunt Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity (London and New York: Routledge, 1993); Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History?" The National Interest (Summer 1989): 3-18; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992); Francis Fukuyama, "The Modernizing Imperative. The USSR as an Ordinary Country," The National Interest (Spring 1993): 10-18; Jürgen Habermas, "What does Socialism Mean Today? The Rectifying Revolution and the Need for New Thinking on the Left," New Left Review 183 (September - October 1990): 3-21.
5. Zygmunt Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity (London and New York: Routledge, 1993); Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History?" The National Interest (Summer 1989): 3-18; Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1992); Francis Fukuyama, "The Modernizing Imperative. The USSR as an Ordinary Country," The National Interest (Spring 1993): 10-18; Jürgen Habermas, "What does Socialism Mean Today? The Rectifying Revolution and the Need for New Thinking on the Left," New Left Review 183 (September - October 1990): 3-21.
6. Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity, 168-69. Accordingly, Bauman sees socialism as a version of a modernist "dictatorship over needs," and quotes Ferenc Fehér, Agnes Heller, and György Márkus, Dictatorship over Needs (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989).
7. Bauman, Intimations of Postmodernity, 168-69. Accordingly, Bauman sees socialism as a version of a modernist "dictatorship over needs," and quotes Ferenc Fehér, Agnes Heller, and György Márkus, Dictatorship over Needs (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989).
8. Klaus Müller, "From Post-Communism to Post-Modernity? Economy and Society in Eastern European Transformations," in Bruno Grancelli, ed., Social Change and Modernization: Lessons from Eastern Europe (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1995): 265-93; Klaus Müller, "Vom Post-Kommunismus zur Post-Modernität? Zur Erklärung sozialen Wandels in Osteuropa," Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsycholo-gie 47:1 (1995): 37-64.
9. Klaus Müller, "From Post-Communism to Post-Modernity? Economy and Society in Eastern European Transformations," in Bruno Grancelli, ed., Social Change and Modernization: Lessons from Eastern Europe (Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1995): 265-93; Klaus Müller, "Vom Post-Kommunismus zur Post-Modernität? Zur Erklärung sozialen Wandels in Osteuropa," Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsycholo-gie 47:1 (1995): 37-64.
10. E.g., Marek Bankowicz, "Bulgaria: The Continuing Revolution," in Sten Berglund and Jan Åke Dellenbrant, eds., The New Democracies in Eastern Europe. 2d ed. (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1994), 142-68; Marianna Butenschön, Estland, Lettland, Litauen. Das Baltikum auf dem langen Weg in die Freiheit (München and Zürich: Piper, 1992); Tamás Fleischer, "Expectations and Realities in Connection with the Sustainable Development of Eastern Europe," in Martin Sumners, ed., Economic Alternatives for Eastern Europe, vol. 2 (London: New Economics Foundation, 1993).
11. E.g., Marek Bankowicz, "Bulgaria: The Continuing Revolution," in Sten Berglund and Jan Åke Dellenbrant, eds., The New Democracies in Eastern Europe. 2d ed. (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1994), 142-68; Marianna Butenschön, Estland, Lettland, Litauen. Das Baltikum auf dem langen Weg in die Freiheit (München and Zürich: Piper, 1992); Tamás Fleischer, "Expectations and Realities in Connection with the Sustainable Development of Eastern Europe," in Martin Sumners, ed., Economic Alternatives for Eastern Europe, vol. 2 (London: New Economics Foundation, 1993).
12. E.g., Marek Bankowicz, "Bulgaria: The Continuing Revolution," in Sten Berglund and Jan Åke Dellenbrant, eds., The New Democracies in Eastern Europe. 2d ed. (Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1994), 142-68; Marianna Butenschön, Estland, Lettland, Litauen. Das Baltikum auf dem langen Weg in die Freiheit (München and Zürich: Piper, 1992); Tamás Fleischer, "Expectations and Realities in Connection with the Sustainable Development of Eastern Europe," in Martin Sumners, ed., Economic Alternatives for Eastern Europe, vol. 2 (London: New Economics Foundation, 1993).
13. Václav Havel, "Politics and Conscience," in Václav Havel, Open Letters. Selected Writings 1965-1990. ed. Paul Wilson (New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 249-71. The essay was originally written in 1984.
14. See Alexandras Shtromas, "How Political Are the Social Movements in the Baltic Republics?" Nationalities Papers 18:2 (Fall 1990): 15.
15. G. M. Tamás, "The Legacy of Dissent Irony, Ambiguity, Duplicity," Uncaptive Minds 7: 2(26) (1994): 19-34.
16. Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band I, 3 (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1980), 1232; cited in Iring Fetscher, Überlebensbedingungen der Menschheit (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1991), 7.
17. Walter Benjamin, Gesammelte Schriften, Band I, 3 (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1980), 1232; cited in Iring Fetscher, Überlebensbedingungen der Menschheit (Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1991), 7.
18. See Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (London: Allen Lane, 1981 ). It seems that the diverse insights offered by the social-constructionist approach have not yet been fully exploited in the research into the post-socialist change. For an attempt, see Mikko Lagerspetz, Constructing Post-Communism. A Study in the Estonian Social Problems Discourse (Turku: Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Ser. B, Tom. 214, 1996).
19. See Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (London: Allen Lane, 1981 ). It seems that the diverse insights offered by the social-constructionist approach have not yet been fully exploited in the research into the post-socialist change. For an attempt, see Mikko Lagerspetz, Constructing Post-Communism. A Study in the Estonian Social Problems Discourse (Turku: Annales Universitatis Turkuensis, Ser. B, Tom. 214, 1996).
20. Claus Offe, Varieties of Transition: The East European and East German Experience (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996).
21. Lagerspetz, Constructing Post-Communism, 66-79.
22. "Materials of the International Scientific Conference on Legal Assessment of the USSR-German Pacts of August 23 and September 28,1939," Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences / Social Sciences 39:2 (1990): 198-99.
23. Karl Mannheim, Ideology and Utopia. An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge (London and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979), esp. 188 f. The English edition of the volume was originally published in 1936.
24. Lagerspetz, Constructing Post-Communism, 73-76.
25. On logical, juridical, and moral problems connected with restitution, cf., e.g., John Bornemann, Writing the German Nation: Law and Narrations of History, working papers on Transition from State Socialism #91.2, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University (1991); Offe, Varieties of Transition, 105-30.
26. For a discussion of this issue, as well as well-informed points of view, see Anatol Lieven, The Baltic Revolution. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994), 302-15; or Paul Kolstoe, Russians in the Former Soviet Republics (London: Hurst and Co., 1995), 120-42.
27. For a discussion of this issue, as well as well-informed points of view, see Anatol Lieven, The Baltic Revolution. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994), 302-15; or Paul Kolstoe, Russians in the Former Soviet Republics (London: Hurst and Co., 1995), 120-42.
28. Eric J. Hobsbawm, "The Nation as Invented Tradition," in John Hutchinson and Anthony D. Smith, eds., Nationalism (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 76-83.
29. Ladislav Holy, The Little Czech and the Great Czech Nation. National Identity and the Post-Communist Transformation of Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 127.
30. Enn Haabsaar, "Uus vaade Eesti ja Vana-Vene varasemale ajaloole," with an English summary: "A New View to the Older History of Estonia and Old Russia," Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences 45:2 (1996): 151-82.
31. Jan Zaprudnik, Belarus. At a Crossroads in History (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1993), 10.
32. Lieven, The Baltic Revolution, 48.
33. Zenon E. Kohut, "History as a Battleground: Russian-Ukrainian Relations and Historical Consciousness in Contemporary Ukraine," in S. Frederick Starr, ed., The Legacy of History in Russia and the New States of Eurasia (Armonk, N.Y. and London: M. E. Sharpe, 1994), 123-45.
34. Renata Salecl, "The Crisis of Identity and the Struggle for New Hegemony in the Former Yugoslavia," in Ernesto Laclau, ed., The Making of Political Identities (London and New York: Verso, 1994), 205-32.
35. Salecl, "The Crisis of Identity", 228-31.
36. Holy, The Little Czech, 153; Andrei Kozyrev, "Russia: A Chance for Survival," Foreign Affairs 71:2 (1992): 1-16.
37. Holy, The Little Czech, 153; Andrei Kozyrev, "Russia: A Chance for Survival," Foreign Affairs 71:2 (1992): 1-16.
38. Tony Judt, "The Past is Another Country: Myth and Memory in Postwar Europe," Daedalus 121:4 (Fall 1992): 83-119.
39. This habitual failure of the western commentators on "Eastern European undemocratic political tradition" to recognize similar shortcomings in the pre-war politics of their own countries is, of course, absent from Judt's article.
40. Lennart Meri, Presidendikõned (Tartu: Ilmamaa, 1997), 328-29. See also Mikko Lagerspetz, "The Cross of the Virgin Mary's Land: A Study in the Construction of Estonia's 'Return to Europe'" Finnish Review of Eastern European Studies (forthcoming).
41. Lennart Meri, Presidendikõned (Tartu: Ilmamaa, 1997), 328-29. See also Mikko Lagerspetz, "The Cross of the Virgin Mary's Land: A Study in the Construction of Estonia's 'Return to Europe'" Finnish Review of Eastern European Studies (forthcoming).
42. Holy, The Little Czech, 203.
43. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs, 72:3 (1993): 22-49; Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996). Huntington depicts the historical regions of Western and Eastern Christianity and Islam as belonging to three distinct civilizations. The borders between them are "the battle lines of the future." The fact, that even Catholicism for many years was considered by political scientists a factor unfavorable for democratic development should make one cautious towards cultural determinism of this kind; this point was made in Lauri Karvonen Demokratisering (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1997), 124. For a piece of scholarly work from Eastern Europe, that both sees the postcommunist development essentially as a return to Europe, and accepts Huntingdon's theory as its main point of departure, see Marju Lauristin, "Contexts of Transition," in Marju Lauristin and Peeter Vihalemm, eds., Return to the Western World. Cultural and Political Perspectives on the Estonian Post-Communist Transition (Tartu: Tartu University Press, 1997), 25-40, and other articles in the same volume.
44. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs, 72:3 (1993): 22-49; Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996). Huntington depicts the historical regions of Western and Eastern Christianity and Islam as belonging to three distinct civilizations. The borders between them are "the battle lines of the future." The fact, that even Catholicism for many years was considered by political scientists a factor unfavorable for democratic development should make one cautious towards cultural determinism of this kind; this point was made in Lauri Karvonen Demokratisering (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1997), 124. For a piece of scholarly work from Eastern Europe, that both sees the postcommunist development essentially as a return to Europe, and accepts Huntingdon's theory as its main point of departure, see Marju Lauristin, "Contexts of Transition," in Marju Lauristin and Peeter Vihalemm, eds., Return to the Western World. Cultural and Political Perspectives on the Estonian Post-Communist Transition (Tartu: Tartu University Press, 1997), 25-40, and other articles in the same volume.
45. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs, 72:3 (1993): 22-49; Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996). Huntington depicts the historical regions of Western and Eastern Christianity and Islam as belonging to three distinct civilizations. The borders between them are "the battle lines of the future." The fact, that even Catholicism for many years was considered by political scientists a factor unfavorable for democratic development should make one cautious towards cultural determinism of this kind; this point was made in Lauri Karvonen Demokratisering (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1997), 124. For a piece of scholarly work from Eastern Europe, that both sees the postcommunist development essentially as a return to Europe, and accepts Huntingdon's theory as its main point of departure, see Marju Lauristin, "Contexts of Transition," in Marju Lauristin and Peeter Vihalemm, eds., Return to the Western World. Cultural and Political Perspectives on the Estonian Post-Communist Transition (Tartu: Tartu University Press, 1997), 25-40, and other articles in the same volume.
46. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs, 72:3 (1993): 22-49; Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996). Huntington depicts the historical regions of Western and Eastern Christianity and Islam as belonging to three distinct civilizations. The borders between them are "the battle lines of the future." The fact, that even Catholicism for many years was considered by political scientists a factor unfavorable for democratic development should make one cautious towards cultural determinism of this kind; this point was made in Lauri Karvonen Demokratisering (Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1997), 124. For a piece of scholarly work from Eastern Europe, that both sees the postcommunist development essentially as a return to Europe, and accepts Huntingdon's theory as its main point of departure, see Marju Lauristin, "Contexts of Transition," in Marju Lauristin and Peeter Vihalemm, eds., Return to the Western World. Cultural and Political Perspectives on the Estonian Post-Communist Transition (Tartu: Tartu University Press, 1997), 25-40, and other articles in the same volume.