Review of the systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the Sabethini (Diptera: Culicidae)

Systematic Entomology

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 129-150

  Judd, Darlene D ^a,b,c  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b DEPARTMENT OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (United States)

^c SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARBOVIRUS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; SABETHINI; TRIPTEROIDES; WYEOMYIA;

EID: 0039378207     PISSN: 03076970     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.1996.d01-1.x     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. Arnett, Jr, R.H. (1949) Notes on the distribution, habits, and habitats of some Panama culicines (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 57, 233-251.
2. Baisas, F.E. & Ubaldo-Pagayon, A. (1953 [1952]) Notes on Philippine mosquitoes. XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Monographs of the Institute of Science and Technology, Manila, No. 2, 198 pp.
3. Belkin, J.N. (1950) Mosquitoes of the genus Tripteroides in the Solomon Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 100, 201-274.
4. Belkin, J.N. (1962) The Mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae), Vol. 1. University of California Press, Los Angeles, 608 pp.
5. Belkin, J.N. (1968) Mosquito studies (Diptera, Culicidae). VII. The Culicidae of New Zealand. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 3(1), 1-182.
6. Belkin, J.N., Heineman, S.J. & Page, W.A. (1970) Mosquito Studies (Diptera, Culicidae). XXI. The Culicidae of Jamaica. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 6 (1), 1-458.
7. Bonne-Wepster, J. & Bonne. C. (1921) Notes on South American mosquitoes in the British Museum. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 9, 1-26.
8. Bradshaw, W.E. (1980) Thermoperiodism and the thermal environment of the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii. Oecologia, 46, 13-17.
9. Carpenter, J.M. (1988) Choosing among equally parsimonious cladograms. Cladistics, 4, 291-296.
10. Coddington, J.A. (1988) Cladistic tests of adaptational hypotheses. Cladistics, 4, 3-22.
11. Correa, R.R. & Ramalho G.R. (1956) Revisao de Phoniomyia Theobald, 1903 (Diptera, Culicidae, Sabethini). Folia Clinica et Biologica, 25, 1-176.
12. Croizat, L., Nelson, G. & Rosen, D.E. (1974) Centers of origin and related concepts. Systematic Zoology, 23, 265-287.
13. Delfinado, M.D. & Hodges, E.R. (1968) Three new species of the genus Tripteroides, subgenus Tripteroides Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 70, 361-375.
14. Dyar, H.G. (1906a [1905]) On the classification of the Culicidae. Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington, 7, 188-191.
15. Dyar, H.G. (1906b) The classification of mosquitoes. Science, 23, 233-244.
16. Dyar, H.G. (1919) A revision of the American Sabethini of the Sabethes group by the male genitalia. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 7, 114-142.
17. Dyar, H.G. (1924) Phoniomyia and Dendromyia Theobald (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 12, 107-113.
18. Dyar, H.G. (1925) The mosquitoes of Panama (Diptera, Culicidae). Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 13, 101-195.
19. Dyar, H.G. (1928) The Mosquitoes of the Americas. Publ. 387, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, 618 pp.
20. Dyar, H.G. & Knab, F. (1906) Class I, Hexapoda. Order IV, Diptera. The larvae of Culicidae classified as independent organisms. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 14, 169-230.
21. Dyar, H.G. & Knab, F. (1907) On the classification of the mosquitoes. The Canadian Entomologist, 39, 47-50.
22. Dyar, H.G. & Shannon, R.C. (1924) Entomology. The subfamilies, tribes, and genera of American Culicidae. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 14, 472-486.
23. Edwards, F.W. (1912) A synopsis of the species of African Culicidae, other than Anopheles. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 3, 1-53.
24. Edwards, F.W. (1921) Mosquito notes. II. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12, 69-80.
25. Edwards, F.W. (1922a [1921]) A revision of the genus Harpagomyia de Meij. (Diptera, Culicidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 11, 496-503.
26. Edwards, F.W. (1922b) A synopsis of adult oriental culicine (including Megarhinine and Sabethine) mosquitoes. Part II. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 10, 430-475.
27. Edwards, F.W. (1922c) Mosquito notes. III. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 13, 75-102.
28. Edwards, F.W. (1923) Mosquito notes. IV. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 1-9.
29. Edwards, F.W. (1924) A synopsis of the adult mosquitos of the Australasian Region. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 14, 351-401.
30. Edwards, F.W. (1926) Mosquito notes. VI. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 17, 101-131.
31. Edwards, F.W. (1930a) Mosquito notes. IX. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 21, 287-306.
32. Edwards, F.W. (1930b) Mosquito notes. X. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 21, 541-545.
33. Edwards, F.W. (1932) Diptera fam. Culicidae. In Genera Insectorum (ed. by P. Wytsman). Brussels, fasc., 194, 258 pp.
34. Edwards, F.W. (1941) Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region. III. Culicine Adults and Pupae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 499 pp.
35. Farris, J.S. (1969) A successive approximations approach to character weighting. Systematic Zoology, 26, 269-276.
36. Farris, J.S. (1982) Outgroups and parsimony. Systematic Zoology, 31, 328-334.
37. Farris, J.S. (1983) The logical basis of phylogenetic analysis. In Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Advances in Cladistics 2 (ed. by N. Platnick & V. Funk), pp. 7-36. Columbia University Press, New York.
38. Farris, J.S. (1988) Hennig86. Reference: documentation for version 1.5. Published by the author, Port Jefferson Station, New York.
39. Farris, J.S. (1989) The retention index and the rescaled consistency index. Cladistics, 5, 417-419.
40. Foster, W.A. & Taylor, R.M. (1991) The butterfly of mosquitoes. Natural History, 7, 40-43.
41. Frank, J.H. & Curtis, G.A. (1977a) On the bionomics of bromeliad-inhabitating mosquitoes. III. The probable strategy of larval feeding in Wyeomyia vanduzeei and Wy. medioalbipes. Mosquito News, 37, 200-206.
42. Frank, J.H. & Curtis, G.A. (1977b) On the bionomics of bromeliad-inhabitating mosquitoes. IV. Egg mortality of Wyeomyia vanduzeei caused by rainfall. Mosquito News, 37, 239-245.
43. Frank, J.H. & Lounibos, L.P. (1987) Phytotelmata: swamps or island? Florida Entomologist, 70, 14-20.
44. Frank, J.H., Curtis and G.A., Evans, H.T. (1976) On the bionomics of bromeliad-inhabitating mosquitoes. I. Some factors influencing oviposition by Wyeomyia vanduzeei. Mosquito News, 36, 25-30.
45. Frank, J.H., Curtis and G.A., Evans, H.T. (1977) On the bionomics of bromeliad-inhabitating mosquitoes. II. The relationship of bromeliad size to the number of immature Wyeomyia vanduzeei and Wy. medioalbipes. Mosquito News, 37, 180-192.
46. Frank, J.H., Lynn, H.C. & Goff, J.M. (1985) Diurnal oviposition by Wyeomyia mitchellii and, W. vanduzeei (Diptera: Culicidae). Florida Entomologist, 68, 493-496.
47. Galindo, P., Carpenter, S.J. & Trapido, H. (1951) Ecological observations on forest mosquitoes of an endemic yellow fever area in Panama. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 31, 98-137.
48. Galindo, P., de Rodaniche, E. & Trapido, H. (1956) Experimental transmission of yellow fever by Central American species of Haemagogus and Sabethes chloropterus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 5, 1022-1031.
49. Galindo, P. & Trapido, H. (1957) Forest mosquitoes associated with sylvan yellow fever in Nicaragua, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 6, 145-152.
50. Goloboff, P.A. (1993) Estimating character weights during tree search. Cladistics, 9, 83-91.
51. Hancock, R.G., Foster, W.A. & Yee, W.L. (1990a) Courtship behavior of the mosquito Sabethes cyaneus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 3, 401-416.
52. Hancock, R.G., Yee, W.L. & Foster, W.A. (1990b) Tests of Sabethes cyaneus leg paddle function in mating and flight. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 6, 733-735.
53. Harbach, R.E. (1991a) A new subgenus of the genus Sabethes (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 23, 1-9.
54. Harbach, R.E. (1991b) Ontogeny of the larval stage of Sabethes chloropterus, with special reference to setal development and phylogenetic implications for the family Culicidae (Diptera). Mosquito Systematics, 23, 10-24.
55. Harbach, R.E. (1992 [1991]) Neotype designation, generic realignment and description of Dendromyia schnusei Martini (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 23, 175-181.
56. Harbach, R.E. (1994) The subgenus Sabethinus of Sabethes (Diptera: Culicidae. Systematic Entomology, 19, 207-234.
57. Harbach, R. E. & Knight, K. L. (1980) Taxonomists' glossary of mosquito anatomy. Plexus Publishing, Inc., Marlton, NJ, 415 pp.
58. Harbach, R.E. & Petersen, J.L. (1992) Two species previously confused under the concept of Sabethes tarsopus in Central America (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 24, 102-124.
59. Harbach, R.E. & Peyton, E.L. (1990a) A new subgenus in Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae), with the reclassification and redescription of the type species, Sabethes fernandezyepezi. Mosquito Systematics, 22, 15-23.
60. Harbach, R.E. & Peyton, E.L. (1990b) Transfer of the subgenus Davismyia from Wyeomyia to Sabethes and description of the type species, Miamyia petrocchiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 22, 149-159.
61. Harbach, R.E. & Peyton, E.L. (1992 [1991])- A new subgenus of Wyeomyia (Diptera: Culicidae), with the reclassification and redescription of Wyeomyia (Davismyia) arborea, Wyeomyia (Dendromyia) tarsata and Sabethes (Sabethes) carrilloi. Mosquito Systematics, 23, 92-109.
62. Harbach, R.E. & Peyton, E.L. (1993) Morphology and evolution of the larval maxilla and its importance in the classification of the Sabethini (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 25, 1-16.
63. Harrison, B.A. & Bickley, W.E. (1990) Occurrence of mesopostnotal setae and scales in the family Culicidae. Mosquito Systematics, 22, 131-143.
64. Hennig, W. (1966a) Phylogenetic systematics. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 263 pp.
65. Hennig, W. (1966b) The Diptera fauna of New Zealand as a problem in systematics and zoogeography. Pacific Insects, 9, 1-81.
66. Howard, L.O., Dyar, H.G. & Knab, F. (1913 [1912]) The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies. Plates. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC. Publ. 159, Vol. 2, 150 plates.
67. Howard, L.O., Dyar, H.G. & Knab. F. (1915) The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies. Systematic Description. Part, I. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC. Publ. 159, Vol. 3, 523 pp.
68. Howard, L.O., Dyar, H.G. & Knab. F. (1917) The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies. Systematic description. Part II. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC. Publ. 159, pp. 525-1064.
69. Istock, C.A., Wasserman S.S. & Zimmer. H. (1975) Ecology and evolution of pitcher-plant mosquito: 1. Population dynamics and laboratory responses to food and population density. Evolution, 29, 296-312.
70. Istock, C.A., Zisfein, J. & Vavra, K.J. (1976) Ecology and evolution of the pitcher-plant mosquito. 2. The substructure of fitness. Evolution, 30, 535-547.
71. Jacobson, E. (1909) Ein moskito als gast und diebischer Schmarotzer der Crematogaster difformis Smith und eine andere schmarotzende fliege. Tijdschrift fur Entomologie, 52, 158-164.
72. Knight, K.L. & Stone, A. (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae), 2nd edn. Entomological Society of America (Thomas Say Foundation), 6, 1-611.
73. Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae, Vol. II. University of São Paulo, Brasil, São Paulo, pp. 553-1112.
74. Lane, J. & Cerqueira, N.L. (1942) Os sabetineos da Amêrica (Diptera, Culicidae). Arquivos de Zoología, 3, 473-849.
75. Lane, J. & Forattini, O.P. (1952) New data on Sabethini (Diptera, Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 54, 254-257.
76. Lee, D.J. (1946) Notes on Australian mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). Part VI. The genus Tripteroides in the Australasian region. Proceedings of Linnaean Society of New South Wales, 70, 219-275.
77. Levi-Castillo, R. (1955) Phoniomyia esmeraldasi, a new mosquito from Ecuador. Revista Ecuatorana de Entomologia y Parasitologia, 2, 389-391.
78. Linley, J.R., Lounibos, L.P. & Linley, P.A. (1990) Fine structure of the egg of Trichoprosopon digitatum (Diptera: Culicidae) and its relationship to egg raft formation. Journal of Medical Entomology, 27, 578-585.
79. Lounibos, L.P. (1991) A mother superior. Natural History, 7, 46-48.
80. Lounibos, L.P. & Bradshaw, W.E. (1975) A second diapause in Wyeomyia smithii: seasonal incidence and maintenance by photoperiod. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, 215-221.
81. Lounibos, L.P. & Machado-Allison, C.E. (1983) Oviposition and egg brooding by the mosquito Trichoprosopon digitatum in cacao husks. Ecological Entomology, 8, 475-478.
82. Lounibos, L.P & Machado-Allison, C.E. (1986) Mosquito maternity: egg brooding in the life cycle of Trichoprosopon digitatum. In Evolution of Insect Life Cycles (ed. by F. Taylor & R. Karban), pp. 173-184. Springer, New York.
83. Lounibos, L.P. & Machado-Allison, C.E. (1987) Notes: Female brooding protects mosquito eggs from rainfall. Biotropica, 19, 83-85.
84. Lutz, A. (1904) Quandro dos generos da familia Culicidae and Catalogo dos Culicideos Braxileiros e Sul-Americanos. In: Mosquitoes do Brasil (ed. by C. Bourroul), pp. 78. Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia.
85. Machado-Allison, R., Barrera R., Frank, J.H., Delgado, L. & Gomez-Cova. C. (1985) Mosquito communities in Venezuelan phytotelmata. In: Ecology of Mosquitoes: Proceedings of a Workshop (ed. by L.P. Lounibos, J.R. Rey & J.H. Frank), pp. 79-93. Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, Florida.
86. Maddison, D.R. (1991) The discovery and importance of multiple islands of most-parsimonious trees. Systematic Zoology, 40, 315-328.
87. Marks, E.N. (1960) Taxonomy and biology of some Papuan Culicidae. I. Genus Topomyia. Pacific Insects, 2(1), 91-98.
88. Mattingly, P.F. (1971) Contributions to the mosquito fauna of SE Asia. XII. Illustrated keys to the genera of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 7 (4), 1-84.
89. Mattingly, P.F (1974) Mosquito eggs XXVI. Further descriptions of sabethine eggs. Mosquito Systematics, 6, 231-238.
90. Mattingly, P.F. (1980) An interim reclassification of the genus Tripteroides with particular reference to the Australasian subgenera. Mosquito Systematics, 12, 164-171.
91. Mattingly, P.F. (1981) Medical entomology studies. XIV. The subgenera Rachionotomyia, Tricholeptomyia and Tripteroides (Mabinii Group) of genus Tripteroides in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 17(5), 1-147.
92. McAlpine, J.F., Peterson B.V., Shewell G.E., Teskey H.J., Vockeroth J.R. & Wood, D.M. (1981) Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. 1. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Monograph no. 27. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Hull, Quebec, 674 pp.
93. Mickevich, M.F. (1978) Taxonomic congruence. Systematic Zoology, 27, 143-158.
94. Miyamoto, M.M. (1985) Consensus cladograms and general classifications. Cladistics, 1, 186-189.
95. Mogi, M. & Mokry, J. (1980) Distribution of Wyeomyia smithii (Diptera, Culicidae) eggs in pitcher plants in Newfoundland, Canada. Tropical Medicine, 22, 1-12.
96. Pagel, M.D. & Harvey, P.H. (1988) Recent developments in the analysis of comparative data. Quarterly Review of Biology, 63, 413-440.
97. Pagel, M.D. & Harvey, P.H. (1991) The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, 239 pp.
98. Peyton, E.L., Roberts D.R., Pinheiro P.P., Vargas, R. & Balderama, F. (1983) Mosquito collections from a remote unstudied area of southeastern Bolivia. Mosquito Systematics, 15, 61-89.
99. Platnick, N.I., Griswold, C.E. & Coddington, J.A. (1991) On missing entries in cladistic analysis. Cladistics, 7, 337-344.
100. Ramalingam, S. (1975) A new species of Topomyia from Peninsular Malaysia (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 7, 185-192.
101. Sinclair, B.L., Cumming, J.M., & Wood, D.M. (1994) Homology and phylogenetic implications of male genitalia in Diptera - Lower Brachycera. Entomologica Scandinavica, 24, 407-432.
102. Swofford, D.L. (1993) PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 3.1.1. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
103. Theobald, F.V. (1903) A Monograph of the Culicidae or mosquitoes, Vol. 3, London, 359 pp.
104. Thurman, E.H.B. (1959) A contribution to a revision of the Culicidae of Northern Thailand, University of Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin A-100, 182 pp.
105. Ward, R.A. (1992) Third supplement to 'A Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World' (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosquito Systematics, 24, 177-230.
106. Watrous, L.E. & Wheeler, Q.D. (1981) The out-group comparison method of character analysis. Systematic Zoology, 30, 1-11.
107. Wheeler, W.C., Cartwright, P. & Hayashi, C.Y. (1993) Arthropod phylogeny: a combined approach. Cladistics, 9, 1-39.
108. Williston, S.W. (1906)The classification of the Culicidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 38, 384-388.
109. Wood, D.M. (1991) Homology and phylogenetic implications of male genitalia in Diptera. The ground plan. In Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Dipterology (ed. by L. Weismann, I. Orszagh & A.C. Pont). SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, The Netherlands.
110. Zavortink, T.J. (1979a) Mosquito studies XXXV. The new sabethine genus Johnbelkinia and a preliminary reclassification of the composite genus Trichoprosopon. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 17(1), 1-61.
111. Zavortink, T.J. (1979b) A reclassification of the sabethine genus Trichoprosopon. Mosquito Systematics, 11, 255-257.
112. Zavortink, T.J. (1981) Species complexes in the genus Trichoprosopon. Mosquito Systematics, 13, 82-85.
113. Zavortink, T.J. (1986 [1985]) Zinzala, a new subgenus of Wyeomyia with two new species from pitcher-plants in Venezuela (Diptera, Culicidae, Sabethini). Wassman Journal of Biology, 43, 46-59.
114. Zavortink, T.J., Roberts D.R. & Hoch, A.L. (1983) Trichoprosopon digitatum - morphology, biology, and potential medical importance. Mosquito Systematics, 15, 141-149.