An economic evaluation of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001

National Tax Journal

Volumn 55, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 133-177

  Gale, William G ^a   Potter, Samara R ^a  

^a BROOKINGS INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039294669     PISSN: 00280283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.17310/ntj.2002.1.08     Document Type: Article

References (222)

1. Altig, David, Alan J. Auerbach, Laurence J. Kotlikoff, Kent A. Smetters, and Jan Walliser. "Simulating Fundamental Tax Reform in the United States." American Economic Review 91 No. 3 (June, 2001): 574-95.
2. Auerbach, Alan J. "The U.S. Fiscal Problem: Where We Are, How We Got Here, and Where We're Going." In NBER Macroeconomics Annual, edited by Stanley Fischer and Julio Rotemberg, 141-75. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
3. Auerbach, Alan J. "Tax Reform, Capital Allocation, Efficiency, and Growth." In Economic Effects of Fundamental Tax Reform, edited by Henry J. Aaron and William G. Gale, 29-73. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1996.
4. Auerbach, Alan J. "Quantifying the Current U.S. Fiscal Imbalance." National Tax Journal 50 No. 3 (September, 1997): 387-98.
5. Auerbach, Alan J., and William G. Gale. "Does the Budget Surplus Justify a Large-Scale Tax Cut?" Tax Notes 82 (March 22, 1999): 1827-50.
6. Auerbach, Alan J., and William G. Gale. "Perspectives on the Budget Surplus." National Tax Journal 53 No 3 (September, 2000): 459-73.
7. Auerbach, Alan J., and William G. Gale. "Tax Cuts and the Budget." Tax Notes 90 (March 26, 2001): 1869-82.
8. Auerbach, Alan J., William G. Gale, and Peter Orszag. "The Budget Outlook and Fiscal Policy Options." Forthcoming.
9. Auerbach, Alan J., Jagadeesh Gokhale, and Laurence J. Kotlikoff. "Social Security and Medicare Policy from the Perspective of Generational Accounting." Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Working Paper 9206. 1992.
10. Auerbach, Alan J., and Kevin A. Hassett. "Uncertainty and Design of Long-Run Fiscal Policy." In Demographic Change and Fiscal Policy, edited by Alan J. Auerbach and Ronald D. Lee, 73-100. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
11. Barro, Robert J. "Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?" Journal of Political Economy 82 No. 6 (November-December, 1974): 1095-1117.
12. Barro, Robert. "On the Determination of the Public Debt." Journal of Political Economy 87 No. 5 (October, 1979): 940-71.
13. Barro, Robert J. "The Ricardian Approach to Budget Deficits." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3 No. 2 (Spring, 1989): 37-54.
14. Barro, Robert J. "A Cross-Country Study of Growth, Saving, and Government." In National Saving and Economic Performance, edited by B. Douglas Bernheim and John B. Shoven, 269-304. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991.
15. Bartlett, Bruce. "The Haunting: Estate Tax Won't Die; Congress: Carryover Basis, a Fiasco of Yesteryear, Would Take Over and Raise Just as Much With More Confusion." Los Angeles Times (August 3, 1999): B7.
16. Becker, Gary S. "The Real Reason We Need A Tax Cut." Business Week (March 19, 2001): 28.
17. Becker, Gary S., and Casey B. Mulligan. "Deadweight Costs and the Size of Government." NBER Working Paper No. 6789. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.
18. Benjamin, Daniel. "Does 401(k) Eligibility Increase Saving? Evidence from Propensity Score Subclassification." London School of Economics. Mimeo, 2001.
19. Bernheim, B. Douglas. "Ricardian Equivalence: An Evaluation of Theory and Evidence." In NBER Macroeconomics Annual, edited by Stanley Fischer, 263-304. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
20. Bernheim, B. Douglas. "A Neoclassical Perspective on Budget Deficits." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3 No. 2 (Spring, 1989): 55-72.
21. Blinder, Alan S. "Temporary Income Taxes and Consumer Spending." Journal of Political Economy 89 No. 1 (February, 1981): 26-53.
22. Blundell, Richard, and Thomas MaCurdy. "Labor Supply: A Review of Alternative Approaches." In Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 3A, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, 1559-695. New York: Elsevier Science, 1999.
23. Board of Trustees, Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. The 2001 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. 2001.
24. Board of Trustees, Federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds. The 2001 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds. 2001.
25. Boskin, Michael J. "Notes on the Tax Treatment of Human Capital." In U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Tax Analysis, Conference on Tax Research 1975, 185-95. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.
26. Boskin, Michael J. "Taxation, Saving, and the Rate of Interest." Journal of Political Economy 86 No. 2 (April, 1978): S3-S27.
27. Bosworth, Barry, and Gary Burtless. "Effects of Tax Reform on Labor Supply, Investment, and Saving." Journal of Economic Perspectives 6 No. 1 (Winter, 1992): 3-25.
28. Brown, Jeffrey R., and Scott J. Weisbenner. "Is a Bird in Hand Worth More than a Bird in the Bush?: Intergenerational Transfers and Savings Behavior." Harvard University. Mimeo, 2001.
29. Bryant, Ralph C., Peter Hooper, and Catherine L. Mann, editors. Evaluating Policy Regimes: New Research in Empirical Macroeconomics. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1993.
30. Burman, Leonard. "Treasury's New Distribution Presentation." Tax Notes 90 (March 26, 2001): 1889-94.
31. Burman, Leonard, and William Gale. "A Golden Opportunity to Simplify the Tax System." Brookings Institution Policy Brief 77 (April, 2001a).
32. Burman, Leonard E., and William G. Gale. "The Estate Tax Is Down, But Not Out." Urban Institute Tax Policy Issues and Options 2 (December, 2001b).
33. Burman, Leonard E., William G. Gale, and David Weiner. "Six Tax Laws Later: How Individuals' Marginal Federal Income Tax Rates Changed Between 1980 and 1995." National Tax Journal 51 No. 3 (September, 1998): 637-52.
34. Burman, Leonard E., Elaine Maag, and Jeff Rohaly. "How the 2001 Tax Cut Will Affect Families and Children." Urban Institute. Mimeo, 2002.
35. Bush, George W. "Address of the President to the Joint Session of Congress." Remarks at the United States Capital. Washington, D.C., February 27, 2001a.
36. Bush, George W. "Remarks by the President to Southwest Michigan First Coalition/Kalamazoo Chamber of Commerce Joint Event on the Economy." Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, March 27, 2001b.
37. Bush, George W. "The President's State of the Union Address." Remarks at the United States Capital. Washington, D.C., January 29, 2002.
38. Calmes, Jackie. "On Spending, Forbes Takes Cue from Bush vs. Richards." Wall Street Journal (November 5, 1999): A20.
39. Calomiris, Charles W., and Kevin A. Hassett. "Marginal Tax Rate Cuts and the Public Tax Debate." National Tax Journal 55 No. 1 (March, 2002): 119-32.
40. Carroll, Robert. "Do Taxpayers Really Respond to Changes in Tax Rates? Evidence from the 1993 Act." U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Tax Analysis Working Paper 79. November, 1998.
41. Carroll, Robert, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Mark Rider, and Harvey S. Rosen. "Entrepreneurs, Income Taxes, and Investment." NBER Working Paper No. 6374. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.
42. Citizens for Tax Justice. "51 Million Taxpayers Won't Get Full Rebates from 2001 Tax Bill." June 1, 2001a.
43. Citizens for Tax Justice. "Income and Federal Taxes, Percentage Distribution of Pretax Income and Federal Taxes, and Average Incomes and Federal Taxes." Mimeo, June 14, 2001b.
44. Congressional Budget Office. "The Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal Years 1988-1992." Part 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1987.
45. Congressional Budget Office. "An Analysis of the President's Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 1996." April, 1995.
46. Congressional Budget Office. "An Economic Model for Long-Run Budget Simulations." July, 1997.
47. Congressional Budget Office. "The Long-Term Budget Outlook." October, 2000.
48. Congressional Budget Office. "The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2002-2011." January, 2001a.
49. Congressional Budget Office. "The Budget and Economic Outlook: An Update." August, 2001b.
50. Congressional Budget Office. "Effective Federal Tax Rates 1979-1997." October, 2001c.
51. Congressional Budget Office. "Uncertainty in Social Security's Long-Term Finances: A Stochastic Analysis." December, 2001d.
52. Congressional Budget Office. "The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2003-2012." January, 2002.
53. Council of Economic Advisers. Economic Report of the President. 1994.
54. Council of Economic Advisers. Economic Report of the President. 2002.
55. Crenshaw, Albert B. "Tax Planning May Be Futile: New Law Will Shift from Year to Year, Then Expire in 2011." Washington Post (June 3, 2001): H2.
56. Cronin, Julie Ann. "U.S. Treasury Distributional Analysis Methodology." U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Tax Analysis Working Paper No. 85. September, 1999.
57. Davis, Al. "New Household Tax Cuts Are Strongly Affected By AMT and Vary Over Time." Tax Notes 92 (July 9, 2001): 293-315.
58. Dornbusch, Rudiger. "National Saving and International Investment: Comment." In National Saving and Economic Performance, edited by B. Douglas Bernheim and John B. Shoven, 220-26. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
59. Dynan, Karen E., Jonathan Skinner, and Stephen P. Zeldes. "Do the Rich Save More?" NBER Working Paper No. 7906. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
60. Dynarski, Susan M." Does Aid Matter? Measuring the Effects of Student Aid on College Attendance and Completion." NBER Working Paper No. 7422. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.
61. Dynarski, Susan M. "Hope for Whom? Financial Aid for the Middle Class and Its Impact on College Attendance." NBER Working Paper No. 7756. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
62. Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001. PL 107-16. 2001.
63. Eissa, Nada. "Taxation and Labor Supply of Married Women: The Tax Reform Act of 1986 as a Natural Experiment." NBER Working Paper No. 5023. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
64. Eissa, Nada. "Labor Supply and the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981." In Empirical Foundations of Household Taxation, edited by Martin Feldstein and James M. Poterba, 5-32. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996a.
65. Eissa, Nada. "Tax Reforms and Labor Supply." In Tax Policy and the Economy, vol. 10, edited by Martin Feldstein and James M. Poterba, 119-51. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996b.
66. Elmendorf, Douglas W., and N. Gregory Mankiw. "Government Debt." In Handbook of Macroeconomics, volume 1c, edited by John B. Taylor and Michael Woodford, 1615-69. New York: Elsevier Science, 1999.
67. Engelhardt, Gary V. "Have 401(k)s Raised Household Saving? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Survey." Syracuse University. Aging Studies Program Paper No. 24, 2001.
68. Engen, Eric, and William G. Gale. "The Effects of 401(k) Plans on Household Wealth: Differences Across Earnings Groups." NBER Working Paper No. 8032. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
69. Engen, Eric, and Jonathan Skinner. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth." NBER Working Paper No. 4223. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.
70. Engen, Eric, and Jonathan Skinner. "Taxation and Economic Growth." National Tax Journal" 49 No. 4 (December, 1996): 617-42.
71. Esenwein, Gregg, and Steve Maguire. "The Rate Reduction Tax Credit (the "Tax Rebate") in PL. 107-16." Congressional Research Services RS20939. June 15, 2001.
72. Evans, Paul. "Interest Rates and Expected Future Budget Deficits in the United States." Journal of Political Economy 95 No. 1 (February, 1987a): 34-58.
73. Evans, Paul. "Do Budget Deficits Raise Nominal Interest Rates? Evidence from Six." Journal of Monetary Economics 20 No. 2 (September, 1987b): 281-300.
74. Feldstein, Martin. "Budget Deficits, Tax Rules, and Real Interest Rates." NBER Working Paper No. 1970. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986a.
75. Feldstein, Martin. "Supply Side Economics: Old Truths and New Claims." American Economic Review 76 No. 2 (May, 1986b): 26-30.
76. Feldstein, Martin. "Tax Policy and International Capital Flows." NBER Working Paper No. 4851. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
77. Feldstein, Martin. "The Effect of Marginal Tax Rates on Taxable Income: A Panel Study of the 1986 Tax Reform Act." Journal of Political Economy 103 No. 3 (June, 1995): 551-72.
78. Feldstein, Martin. Testimony before the U.S. Senate Budget Committee. Washington, D.C., July 23, 1998.
79. Feldstein, Martin. "The President's Tax Cut Proposal." Testimony before U.S. Senate Budget Committee. Washington, D.C., February 13, 2001.
80. Feldstein, Martin, and Philippe Bacchetta. "National Saving and International Investment." In National Saving and Economic Performance, edited by B. Douglas Bernheim and John B. Shoven, 201-20. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.
81. Feldstein, Martin, and Douglas W. Elmendorf. "Budget Deficits, Tax Incentives, and Inflation: A Surprising Lesson from the 1983-1984 Recovery." In Tax Policy and the Economy vol. 3, edited by Lawrence H. Summers, 1-23. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.
82. Feldstein, Martin, and Charles Horioka. "Domestic Savings and International Capital Flows." Economic Journal 90 No. 358 (June, 1980): 314-29.
83. Feldstein, Martin, and Andrew Samwick. "Social Security Rules and Marginal Tax Rates." National Tax Journal" 45 No. 1 (March, 1992): 1-22.
84. Feldstein, Martin, and Andrew Samwick. "The Economics of Prefunding Social Security and Medicare Benefits." NBER Working Paper No. 6055. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.
85. Folster, Stefan, and Magnus Henrekson. "Growth Effects of Government Expenditure and Taxation in Rich Countries." European Economic Review 45 No. 8 (August, 2001): 1501-20.
86. Friedman, Joel, Richard Kogan, and Robert Greenstein. "New Tax-Cut Law Ultimately Costs as Much as Bush Plan: Gimmicks Used to Camouflage $4.1 Trillion Cost in Second Decade." Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. June 27, 2001.
87. Friedman, Milton. A Theory of the Consumption Function. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957.
88. Fuchs, Victor R., Alan B. Krueger, and James M. Poterba. "Economists' Views About Parameters, Values, and Policies: Survey Results in Labor and Public Economics." Journal of Economic Literature 36 No. 3 (September, 1998): 1387-425.
89. Fuerbringer, Jonathan. "U.S. Treasury: No Lending; With Big Budget Surpluses, Some See the End of New Bonds and Notes." New York Times (April 6, 2001): C1.
90. Gale, William G. "Building a Better Budget." American Outlook (May-June, 2001a): 25-7.
91. Gale, William G. "Tax Simplification: Issues and Options." Tax Notes 92 (September 10, 2001b): 1463-83.
92. Gale, William G., Peter Orszag, and Gene Sperling. "The Changing Budget Outlook: Causes and Implications." Tax Notes 93 (November 19, 2001): 1093-98.
93. Gale, William G., and Maria Perozek. "Do Estate Taxes Reduce Saving?" In Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation, edited by William G. Gale, James R. Hines Jr., and Joel Slemrod, 216-247. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
94. Gale, William G., and John Sabelhaus. "Perspectives on the Household Saving Rate." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1 (1991): 181-224.
95. Gale, William G., and John Karl Scholz. "IRAs and Household Saving." American Economic Review 84 No. 5 (December, 1994): 1233-60.
96. Gale, William G., and Joel Slemrod. "Overview." In Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation, edited by William G. Gale, James R. Hines Jr., and Joel Slemrod, 1-64. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
97. Garrison, Charles B., and Feng-Yao Lee. "Taxation, Aggregate Activity and Economic Growth: Further Cross-country Evidence on Some Supply-Side Hypotheses." Economic Inquiry 30 No. 1 (January, 1992): 172-76.
98. General Accounting Office. "Private Pensions: Issues of Coverage and Increasing Contribution Limits for Defined Contribution Plans." GAO-01-846. September, 2001.
99. Gentry, William M., and R. Glenn Hubbard. "Tax Policy and Entry into Entrepreneurship." Columbia University. Mimeo, 2001.
100. Glaeser, Edward L., and Joseph Gyourko. "Urban Decline and Durable Housing." NBER Working Paper No. 8598. November, 2001.
101. Gordon, Roger, H. "Do Tax Rates Encourage Entrepreneurial Acitivity?" IMF Working Paper 97/88. July 1997.
102. Gordon, Roger H., and A. Lans Bovenberg. "Why Is Capital So Immobile Internationally? Possible Explanations and Implications for Capital Income Taxation." American Economic Review 86 No. 5 (December, 1996): 1057-75.
103. Gordon, Roger H., and Joel B. Slemrod. "Are 'Real' Responses to Taxes Simply Income Shifting Between Corporate and Personal Tax Bases?" In Does Atlas Shrug? The Economic Consequences of Taxing the Rich, edited by Joel B. Slemrod, 240-80. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2000.
104. Gravelle, Jane G. "Economic Issues Affecting Across-the-Board Tax Cuts." Tax Notes 90 (January 15, 2001): 367-74.
105. Greenspan, Alan. "Outlook for the Federal Budget and Implications for Fiscal Policy." Testimony before the U.S. Senate Budget Committee. Washington, D.C., January 25, 2001a.
106. Greenspan, Alan. "Federal Reserve Board's Semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress." Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Washington, D.C., February 13, 2001b.
107. Greenspan, Alan. "Federal Reserve Board's Semiannual Monetary Policy Report to the Congress." Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services. Washington, D.C., July 18, 2001c.
108. Greenspan, Alan. "The Economy." Remarks before the Bay Area Council Conference. San Francisco, CA, January 11, 2002.
109. Greenstein, Robert. "Administration Misrepresents Financing of Medicare Trust Fund." Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. August 22, 2001.
110. Grier, Kevin B., and Gordon Tullock. "An Empirical Analysis of Cross-National Economic Growth, 1951-80." Journal of Monetary Economics 24 No. 2 (September, 1989): 259-76.
111. Gruber, Jonathan, and Emmanual Saez. "The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications." NBER Working Paper No. 7512. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
112. Hall, Robert E., and Dale W. Jorgenson. "Tax Policy and Investment Behavior." American Economic Review 57 No. 3 (June, 1967): 391-414.
113. Hassett, Kevin A. Testimony Before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means Hearing on President's Tax Relief Proposals. Washington, D.C., February 13, 2001a.
114. Hassett, Kevin A. "Social Security Reform Can't Wait." Wall Street Journal (July 20, 2001b): A10.
115. Hausman, Jerry A. "Labor Supply: How Taxes Affect Economic Behavior." In How Taxes Affect Economic Behavior, edited by Henry J. Aaron and Joseph A. Pechman, 27-83. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1981.
116. Hausman, Jerry A., and James M. Poterba. "Household Behavior and the Tax Reform Act of 1986." Journal of Economic Perspectives 1 No. 1 (Summer, 1987): 101-19.
117. Heckman, James J. "A Life-Cycle Model of Earnings, Learning, and Consumption." Journal of Political Economy 84 No. 4 Part 2 (August, 1976): S11-44.
118. Heckman, James J., Thomas M. Lyons, and Petra E. Todd. "Understanding Black-White Wage Differentials." American Economic Review 90 No. 2 (May, 2000): 344-9.
119. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas. "The Death Tax: Investment, Employment, and Entrepreneurs." Tax Notes 84 No. 5 (August 2, 1999): 782-92.
120. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas, and Donald Marples. "Distortion Costs of Taxing Wealth Accumulation: Income Versus Estate Taxes." Syracuse University. Mimeo, 2001.
121. Howrey, E. Philip, and Saul H. Hymans. "The Measurement and Determination of Loanable-Funds Saving." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 3 (1978): 655-85.
122. Hubbard, R. Glenn. "The Stimulus the Economy Needs." Wall Street Journal (October 25, 2001): A20.
123. Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. "The Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy Tax Model." December 16, 1997.
124. Internal Revenue Service. "Selected Historical and Other Data." Statistics of Income Bulletin (Fall, 2001): 217-340.
125. Jackson, Howell E. "Could We Invest the Surplus?" Tax Note (February 26, 2001): 1245-6.
126. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Methodology and Issues in Measuring Changes in the Distribution of Tax Burdens." JCS-7-93. June 14, 1993.
127. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Joint Committee on Taxation Tax Modeling Project and 1997 Tax Symposium Papers." JCS-21-97. November 20, 1997.
128. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Distribution of Certain Federal Tax Liabilities by Income Class for Calendar Year 2001." JCX-2-01. February 27, 2001a.
129. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Distributional Effects of the Conference Agreement for H.R. 1836." JCX-52-01. May 26, 2001b.
130. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Estimated Budget Effects of the Conference Agreement for H.R. 1836[1]." JCX-51-01. May 26, 2001c.
131. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Summary of Provisions Contained in the Conference Agreement for H.R. 1836, The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001." JCX-50-01. May 26, 2001d.
132. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Estimated Budget Effects of Possible Modifications to H.R. 1836[1]." #01-1-144R. June 14, 2001e.
133. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Estimated Revenue Effects of a One-Year Extension of Federal Tax Provisions Scheduled to Expire in 2001 and Permanent Extension of Federal Tax Provisions Scheduled to Expire in 2001-2010." JCX-66-01. August 3, 2001f.
134. Joint Committee on Taxation. "Estimated Budget Effects of a Modified Chairman's Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to the Revenue Provisions Contained in H.R. 3090, the 'Economic Security and Recovery Act of 2001,' Scheduled for Markup by the Committee on Ways and Means on October 12, 2001." JCX-70-01. December 12, 2001g.
135. Jones, Larry E., Rodolfo E. Manuelli, and Peter E. Rossi. "Optimal Taxation in Models of Endogenous Growth." Journal of Political Economy 101 No. 3 (June, 1993): 485-517.
136. Judd, Kenneth L. "The Impact of Tax Reform in Modern Dynamic Economies. In Transition Costs of Fundamental Tax Reform, edited by Kevin A. Hassett and R. Glenn Hubbard, 5-53. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 2001.
137. Judd, John P., and Glenn D. Rudebusch. "Taylor's Rule and the Fed: 1970-1997." Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Review 3 (1998): 3-16.
138. Kane, Thomas J. "College Entry by Blacks Since 1970: The Role of College Costs, Family Background, and the Return to Education." Journal of Political Economy 102 No. 5 (October, 1994): 878-911.
139. Kane, Thomas J. "Rising Public College Tuition and College Entry: How Well Do Public Subsidies Promote Access to College?" NBER Working Paper No. 5164. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
140. Kane, Thomas J. "Savings Incentives for Higher Education." National Tax Journal 51 No. 3 (September, 1998): 609-20.
141. Kane, Thomas J. "The Price of Admission: Rethinking How Americans Pay for College. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999.
142. Kaplow, Louis. "A Framework for Assessing Estate and Gift Taxation.""In Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation, edited by William G. Gale, James R. Hines Jr., and Joel Slemrod, 164-204. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
143. Kaufman, Beth Shapiro. "The Estate and Gift Tax: Implications of the 2001 Tax Act." Tax Notes 92 (August 13, 2001): 949-53.
144. Keith, Robert. "The Senate's Byrd Rule Against Extraneous Matter in Reconciliation Measures." Congressional Research Service 97-688 GOV. September 9, 1998.
145. Kiefer, Donald, Robert Carroll, Janet Holtzblatt, Allen Lerman, Janet McCubbin, David Richardson, and Jerry Tempalski. "The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001: Overview and Assessment of Effects on Taxpayers." National Tax Journal 55 No. 1 (March, 2002): 89-118.
146. Killingsworth, Mark R., and James J. Heckman. "Female Labor Supply: A Survey." In Handbook of Labor Economics, vol. 1, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and Richard Layard, 103-204. New York: Elsevier Science, 1986.
147. Kniesner, Thomas J., and James P. Ziliak. "Explicit Versus Implicit Income Insurance." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, forthcoming.
148. Kniesner, Thomas J., and James P. Ziliak. "Tax Reform and Automatic Stabilization." American Economic Review, forthcoming.
149. Kogan, Richard, Robert Greenstein, and Peter Orszag. "Social Security and the Tax Cut." Center for Budget and Policy Priorities. December 13, 2001.
150. Kopczuk, Wojciech, and Joel Slemrod. "The Impact of the Estate Tax on Wealth Accumulation and Avoidance Behavior." In Rethinking Estate and Gift Taxation, edited by William G. Gale, James R. Hines Jr., and Joel Slemrod, 299-343. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
151. Lav, Iris J. "The Estate Tax, 'Double Taxation' and Carry-over Basis." Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. July 7, 2000.
152. Lee, Ronald, and Ryan Edwards. "The Fiscal Impact of Population Aging in the U.S.: Assessing the Uncertainties." University of California-Berkeley. Mimeo, 2001.
153. Lindsey, Lawrence B. The Growth Experiment: How the New Tax Policy Is Transforming the U.S. Economy. New York: Basic Books, 1990.
154. Lindsey, Lawrence B. "Hands Off the Dollar!" The International Economy 15 No. 4 (July-August, 2001): 11.
155. Lindsey, Lawrence B. "Why We Must Keep the Tax Cut." Washington Post (January 18, 2002): A25.
156. Lucas, Robert. "Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique." Journal of Monetary Economics 1 No. 2 Supplementary Series (1976): 19-46.
157. Lucas, Robert E. Jr. "Supply-Side Economics: An Analytical Review." Oxford Economic Papers 42 No. 2 (April, 1990): 293-316.
158. MaCurdy, Thomas, David Green, and Harry J. Paarsch. "Assessing Empirical Approaches for Analyzing Taxes and Labor Supply." Journal of Human Resources 25 No. 3 (Summer, 1990): 415-90.
159. Manning, Robert F., and David Windish. "Tax Analysts' Guide to the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-16)." Tax Notes 91 (June 11, 2001): 1777-1811.
160. McCallum, Bennett T. "Are Bond-Financed Deficits Inflationary? A Ricardian Analysis." Journal of Political Economy 92 No. 1 (February, 1984): 123-35.
161. McCarthy, Jonathan. "Imperfect Insurance and Differing Propensities to Consume Across Households." Journal of Monetary Economics 36 No. 2 (November, 1995): 301-27.
162. McKibbin, Warwick, and Philip Bagnoli. "Fiscal Deficit Reduction: An Evaluation of Alternatives." Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics 101 (July, 1993).
163. McPherson, Michael S., and Morton Owen Schapiro. "Financing Undergraduate Education: Designing National Policies." National Tax Journal 50 No. 3 (September, 1997): 557-71.
164. Mendoza, Enrique G., Gian-Maria Milesi Ferretti, and Patrick Asea. "On the Ineffectiveness of Tax Policy in Altering Long-Run Growth: Harberger's Superneutrality Conjecture." Journal of Public Economics 66 No. 1 (October, 1997): 99-126.
165. Meyer, Bruce D., and Dan T. Rosenbaum. "Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers." Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 No. 3 (August, 2001): 1063-114.
166. Modigliani, Franco, and Charles Steindel. "Is a Tax Rebate an Effective Tool for Stabilization Policy?" Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1 (1977): 175-203.
167. Mohr, Patti. "House Passes Social Security and Medicare Lockbox Legislation." Tax Notes 90 (February 19, 2001): 981-83.
168. Mroz, Thomas A. "The Sensitivity of an Empirical Model of Married Women's Hours of Work to Economic and Statistical Assumptions." Econometrica 55 No. 4 (July, 1987): 795-99.
169. Munnell, Alicia B., and Annika Sunden. "Investment Practices of State and Local Pension Funds: Implications for Social Security Reform." In Pensions in the Public Sector, edited by Olivia S. Mitchell and Edwin C. Hustead, 153-94. Philadelphia, PA: Pension Research Council and the University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.
170. National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education Statistics. 2000.
171. st Century." January 1996.
172. Obstfeld, Maurice, and Kenneth Rogoff. "The Six Major Puzzles in International Macroeconomics: Is There a Common Cause?" In NBER Macroeconomics Annual, edited by Ben Bernanke and Kenneth Rogoff. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
173. Office of Management and Budget. Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2001.
174. Orszag, Peter R. "Marginal Tax Rate Reductions and the Economy: What Would Be the Long-Term Effects of the Bush Tax Cut?" Center for Budget and Policy Priorities. March 16, 2001.
175. Orszag, Peter R. "The Budget and the Economy." Testimony before the Senate Budget Committee. January 29, 2002.
176. Padovano, Fabio, and Emma Galli. "Tax Rates and Economic Growth in the OECD Countries (1950-1990)." Economic Inquiry 39 No. 1 (January, 2001): 44-57.
177. Parker, Jonathan A. "The Reaction of Household Consumption to Predictable Changes in Social Security Taxes." American Economic Review 89 No. 4 (September, 1999): 959-73.
178. Pencavel, John H. "Labor Supply of Men: A Survey." In Handbook of Labor Economics, volume 1, edited by Orley Aschenfelter and Richard Layard, 3-102. NewYork: Elsevier Science, 1986.
179. Pence, Karen M. "401(K)s and Household Saving: New Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances." University of Wisconsin-Madison. Mimeo, 2001.
180. Plosser, Charles I. "Government Financing Decisions and Asset Returns." Journal of Monetary Economics 9 No. 3 (May, 1982): 325-52.
181. Plosser, Charles I. "Fiscal Policy and the Term Structure." Journal of Monetary Economics 20 No. 2 (September, 1987): 343-67.
182. Poterba, James M. "Are Consumers Forward-Looking? Evidence from Fiscal Experiments." American Economic Review 78 No. 2 (May, 1988): 413-8.
183. Poterba, James M. "Taxation and Housing Markets: Preliminary Evidence on the Effects of Recent Tax Reforms." In Do Taxes Matter? The Impact of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, edited by Joel Slemrod, 141-160. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1990.
184. Poterba, James M. "Do Budget Rules Work?" In Fiscal Policy: Lessons from Economic Research, edited by Alan J. Auerbach, 53-86. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
185. Poterba, James M., and Andrew Mitrusi. "The Distribution of Payroll and Income Tax Burdens, 1979-1999." National Tax Journal 53 No. 3 Part 2 (September, 2000): 765-94.
186. Poterba, James M., Steven F. Venti, and David A. Wise. "Do 401(k) Contributions Crowd Out Other Personal Saving?" Journal of Public Economics 58 No. 1 (September, 1995): 1-32.
187. Rebelein, Robert, and Jerry Tempalski. "Who Pays the Individual AMT?" U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Tax Analysis Working Paper 87. 2000.
188. Reifschneider, David, Robert Tetlow, and John Williams. "Aggregate Disturbances, Monetary Policy, and the Macroeconomy: The FRB/US Perspective." Federal Reserve Bulletin (Winter, 1999): 1-19.
189. Reischauer, Robert. "Do Budget Rules Work? Comment." In Fiscal Policy: Lessions from Economic Research, edited by Alan J. Auerbach, 87-95. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
190. Saez, Emmanuel. "The Effect of Marginal Tax Rates on Income: A Panel Study of 'Bracket Creep.'" NBER Working Paper No. 7367. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.
191. Shapiro, Isaac. "New Treasury Distributional Table Departs Sharply from Previous Treasury Methodology." Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. March 9, 2001.
192. Shapiro, Matthew D., and Joel Slemrod. "Consumer Response to the Timing of Income: Evidence from a Change in Tax Withholding." American Economic Review 85 No. 1 (March, 1995): 274-83.
193. Shapiro, Matthew, and Joel Slemrod. "Consumer Responses to Tax Rebates." NBER Working Paper No. 8672. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
194. Slater, Wayne. "Bush Defends Fiscal Record, Scolds Forbes: His Ads on Spending Challenged." Dallas Morning News (October, 28, 1999): 14A.
195. Slemrod, Joel. "What Do Cross-Country Studies Teach About Involvement, Prosperity, and Economic Growth?" Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2 (1995): 373-415.
196. Slemrod, Joel. "High-Income Families and the Tax Changes of the 1980s: The Anatomy of Behavioral Response." In Empirical Foundations of Household Taxation, edited by Martin Feldstein and James Poterba, 169-89. Chicago: University of Chicago Press/National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.
197. Slemrod, Joel, and Jon Bakija. "Does Growing Inequality Reduce Tax Progressively? Should It?" NBER Working Paper No. 7576. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000a.
198. nd edition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000b.
199. Souleles, Nicholas S. "The Response of Household Consumption to Income Tax Refunds." American Economic Review 89 No. 4 (September, 1999): 947-58.
200. Souleles, Nicholas S. "Consumer Response to the Reagan Tax Cuts." University of Pennsylvania. Mimeo, 2001.
201. Steuerle, C. Eugene. "The Bush Budget: A Long-Term View." National Tax Journal 54 No. 3 (September, 2001): 427-33.
202. Stokey, Nancy L., and Sergio Rebelo. "Growth Effects of Flat-Rate Taxes." Journal of Political Economy 103 No. 3 (June, 1995): 519-50.
203. Sullivan, Martin A. "How to Read Distribution Tables." Tax Notes 90 (March 26, 2001): 1747-55.
204. Taylor, John B. "Discretion vs. Policy Rules in Practice." Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 39 (1993): 195-214.
205. Taylor, John B. "Reassessing Discretionary Fiscal Policy." Journal of Economic Perspectives 14 No. 3 (Summer, 2000): 21-36.
206. Tempalski, Jerry. "The Impact of the 2001 Tax Bill on the Individual AMT." U.S. Treasury Department. Mimeo, 2001.
207. Triest, Robert K. "The Effect of Income Taxation on Labor Supply in the United States." Journal of Human Resources 25 No. 3 (Summer, 1990): 491-516.
208. Trostel, Philip A. "The Effect of Taxation on Human Capital." Journal of Political Economy 101 No. 2 (April, 1993): 327-50.
209. Trostel, Philip A. "The Effect of Deficit Finance on Human Capital." National Tax Journal 48 No. 4 (December, 1995): 531-16.
210. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975.
211. U.S. Bureau of the Census. "Annual Projections of the Total Resident Population as of July 1: Middle, Lowest, Highest, and Zero International Migration Series, 1999 to 2100." February 14, 2000a.
212. U.S. Bureau of the Census. "Money Income in the United States, 1999." Current Population Reports (September, 2000b). P60-209.
213. U.S. Bureau of the Census. "Historical National Population Estimates: July 1, 1900 to July 1, 1999." (2000c). Available at http://www.census.gov/ population/www/estimates/uspop.html.
214. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 2000d.
215. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. National Income and Product Accounts Tables. 2002a. Available at http://www. bea.doc.gov/bea/dn/nipaweb/index.asp.
216. U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Fixed Asset Tables. 2002b. Available at http:/ /www.bea.doc.gov/bea/dn/faweb/ AllFATables.asp.
217. U. S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. "Personal Income and Outlays: December 2001." BEA 02-03. January 31, 2002c.
218. U.S. Department of the Treasury. "Treasury Releases Distribution Table for the President's Tax Relief Plan." March 8, 2001.
219. st Session, H. RES. 23. January 30, 2001.
220. Uchitelle, Louis. "Sharp Rise in Federal Spending May Have Helped Ease Recession." New York Times (March 23, 2002): A1.
221. Weil David N. "The Saving of the Elderly in Micro and Macro Data." Quarterly Journal of Economics 109 (February, 1994): 55-81.
222. Ziliak, James P., and Thomas J. Kniesner. "Estimating Life Cycle Labor Supply Tax Effects." Journal of Political Economy 107 No. 2 (April, 1999): 326-59.