Mothering in the Casa Datini

Journal of Medieval History

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 35-56

  Byrne, Joseph P ^a   Congdon, Eleanor A ^b  

^a KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Berkshire Community College   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; Datini; Households; Late medieval Tuscany; Merchant class; Mothers

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039255296     PISSN: 03044181     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4181(98)00018-9     Document Type: Article

References (198)

1. Federigo Melis, Aspetti della vita economica medievale: Studi nell'archivio Datini di Prato (Siena, 1962), 10, 17-25. The count is not complete because of the number of unidentified fragments and the size of the collection. Datini's will is published in: Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 1 (Florence, 1880), cxi; and Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 2 (Florence, 1880), 273-310. It is translated in: Joseph Byrne, 'Francesco Datini, 'Father of Many': Piety, charity and patronage in early modern Tuscany' (unpublished PhD dissertation, Indiana University, 1989).
2. Federigo Melis, Aspetti della vita economica medievale: Studi nell'archivio Datini di Prato (Siena, 1962), 10, 17-25. The count is not complete because of the number of unidentified fragments and the size of the collection. Datini's will is published in: Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 1 (Florence, 1880), cxi; and Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 2 (Florence, 1880), 273-310. It is translated in: Joseph Byrne, 'Francesco Datini, 'Father of Many': Piety, charity and patronage in early modern Tuscany' (unpublished PhD dissertation, Indiana University, 1989).
3. Federigo Melis, Aspetti della vita economica medievale: Studi nell'archivio Datini di Prato (Siena, 1962), 10, 17-25. The count is not complete because of the number of unidentified fragments and the size of the collection. Datini's will is published in: Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 1 (Florence, 1880), cxi; and Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 2 (Florence, 1880), 273-310. It is translated in: Joseph Byrne, 'Francesco Datini, 'Father of Many': Piety, charity and patronage in early modern Tuscany' (unpublished PhD dissertation, Indiana University, 1989).
4. Federigo Melis, Aspetti della vita economica medievale: Studi nell'archivio Datini di Prato (Siena, 1962), 10, 17-25. The count is not complete because of the number of unidentified fragments and the size of the collection. Datini's will is published in: Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 1 (Florence, 1880), cxi; and Cesare Guasti, Lettere di un notaro ad un mercante del secolo XIV, vol. 2 (Florence, 1880), 273-310. It is translated in: Joseph Byrne, 'Francesco Datini, 'Father of Many': Piety, charity and patronage in early modern Tuscany' (unpublished PhD dissertation, Indiana University, 1989).
5. The story of the collection's survival is related in: Melis, Aspetti, 7-8; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, ii-iv; Enrico Bensa, Francesco di Marco da Prato: Notizie e documenti sulla mercatura italiana del secolo xiv, (Milan, 1928), 2-3; Iris Origo, The Merchant of Prato (London and New York, 1957; Milan 1959), 7-8; Gaetano Corsani, 'I fondaci e i banchi di un merchante Pratese dell Trecento: Contributo alla storia della ragioneria e del commercio da lettere e documenti inediti,' Archivio Storico Pratese, supplemento 2 (1922), 1.
6. The story of the collection's survival is related in: Melis, Aspetti, 7-8; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, ii-iv; Enrico Bensa, Francesco di Marco da Prato: Notizie e documenti sulla mercatura italiana del secolo xiv, (Milan, 1928), 2-3; Iris Origo, The Merchant of Prato (London and New York, 1957; Milan 1959), 7-8; Gaetano Corsani, 'I fondaci e i banchi di un merchante Pratese dell Trecento: Contributo alla storia della ragioneria e del commercio da lettere e documenti inediti,' Archivio Storico Pratese, supplemento 2 (1922), 1.
7. The story of the collection's survival is related in: Melis, Aspetti, 7-8; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, ii-iv; Enrico Bensa, Francesco di Marco da Prato: Notizie e documenti sulla mercatura italiana del secolo xiv, (Milan, 1928), 2-3; Iris Origo, The Merchant of Prato (London and New York, 1957; Milan 1959), 7-8; Gaetano Corsani, 'I fondaci e i banchi di un merchante Pratese dell Trecento: Contributo alla storia della ragioneria e del commercio da lettere e documenti inediti,' Archivio Storico Pratese, supplemento 2 (1922), 1.
8. The story of the collection's survival is related in: Melis, Aspetti, 7-8; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, ii-iv; Enrico Bensa, Francesco di Marco da Prato: Notizie e documenti sulla mercatura italiana del secolo xiv, (Milan, 1928), 2-3; Iris Origo, The Merchant of Prato (London and New York, 1957; Milan 1959), 7-8; Gaetano Corsani, 'I fondaci e i banchi di un merchante Pratese dell Trecento: Contributo alla storia della ragioneria e del commercio da lettere e documenti inediti,' Archivio Storico Pratese, supplemento 2 (1922), 1.
9. The story of the collection's survival is related in: Melis, Aspetti, 7-8; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, ii-iv; Enrico Bensa, Francesco di Marco da Prato: Notizie e documenti sulla mercatura italiana del secolo xiv, (Milan, 1928), 2-3; Iris Origo, The Merchant of Prato (London and New York, 1957; Milan 1959), 7-8; Gaetano Corsani, 'I fondaci e i banchi di un merchante Pratese dell Trecento: Contributo alla storia della ragioneria e del commercio da lettere e documenti inediti,' Archivio Storico Pratese, supplemento 2 (1922), 1.
10. The first of these to be published was Guasti, Lettere. It contains the letters of Datini's notary and friend, Lapo Mazzei. Valeria Rosati published Margherita's letters in installments in the Archivio Storico Pratese in 1974 and 1976; these were then reprinted as a complete set as, Le lettere di Margherita Datini a Francesco di Marco, vol. 2 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1977). Aside from the odd textual note, the letters are not annotated. Elena Cecchi has recently published an edition of Francesco's letters to his wife: Elena Cecchi, Le lettere di Francesco Datini alla moglie Margherita 1385-1410), vol. 14 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1990). Cecchi and Rosati include 424 of the roughly 10,000 non-commerce-oriented letters in the Datini collection; citations for these documents will refer to the respective printed edition instead of the archival notation.
11. The first of these to be published was Guasti, Lettere. It contains the letters of Datini's notary and friend, Lapo Mazzei. Valeria Rosati published Margherita's letters in installments in the Archivio Storico Pratese in 1974 and 1976; these were then reprinted as a complete set as, Le lettere di Margherita Datini a Francesco di Marco, vol. 2 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1977). Aside from the odd textual note, the letters are not annotated. Elena Cecchi has recently published an edition of Francesco's letters to his wife: Elena Cecchi, Le lettere di Francesco Datini alla moglie Margherita 1385-1410), vol. 14 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1990). Cecchi and Rosati include 424 of the roughly 10,000 non-commerce-oriented letters in the Datini collection; citations for these documents will refer to the respective printed edition instead of the archival notation.
12. The first of these to be published was Guasti, Lettere. It contains the letters of Datini's notary and friend, Lapo Mazzei. Valeria Rosati published Margherita's letters in installments in the Archivio Storico Pratese in 1974 and 1976; these were then reprinted as a complete set as, Le lettere di Margherita Datini a Francesco di Marco, vol. 2 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1977). Aside from the odd textual note, the letters are not annotated. Elena Cecchi has recently published an edition of Francesco's letters to his wife: Elena Cecchi, Le lettere di Francesco Datini alla moglie Margherita 1385-1410), vol. 14 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1990). Cecchi and Rosati include 424 of the roughly 10,000 non-commerce-oriented letters in the Datini collection; citations for these documents will refer to the respective printed edition instead of the archival notation.
13. The first of these to be published was Guasti, Lettere. It contains the letters of Datini's notary and friend, Lapo Mazzei. Valeria Rosati published Margherita's letters in installments in the Archivio Storico Pratese in 1974 and 1976; these were then reprinted as a complete set as, Le lettere di Margherita Datini a Francesco di Marco, vol. 2 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1977). Aside from the odd textual note, the letters are not annotated. Elena Cecchi has recently published an edition of Francesco's letters to his wife: Elena Cecchi, Le lettere di Francesco Datini alla moglie Margherita 1385-1410), vol. 14 of Biblioteca del Archivio Storico Pratese (Prato, 1990). Cecchi and Rosati include 424 of the roughly 10,000 non-commerce-oriented letters in the Datini collection; citations for these documents will refer to the respective printed edition instead of the archival notation.
14. Ricordanze, or ricordi were short written accounts of important events in the life of an individual or family in later medieval Italy. These were often kept in one or more large books. They constitute one of the best types of source for information on personal and family issues during the period.
15. The original English and Italian editions included many more citations than the revised edition first printed by Penguin Books in 1963 and still widely available. In 1986, David R. Godine Inc. reprinted the text and citation in its 1957 format, with the addition of a forward by Barbara Tuchman. In this article, references to Origo will refer to the page numbers in the Godine edition.
16. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
17. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
18. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
19. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
20. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
21. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
22. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
23. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
24. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
25. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
26. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
27. The following is a list of the works from the last two and a half decades which use material about the Datinis in discussions of social issues entirely or partly based on Origo, or specifically in reaction to her. Joseph Byrne, 'Reading the medieval woman's voice: reflections on the letters of Margherita Datini, an Italian housewife on the eve of the Renaissance', West Georgia Review, 25 (1995), 5-13; Joseph Byrne, 'Crafting the merchant's wife's tale: Historians and the correspondence of Margherita Datini', Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians, 17 (1996), 1-17; Philip Gavitt, Charity and children in Renaissance Florence: The Ospedale degli Innocenti, 1410-1536 (Ann Arbor, 1990); Frances and Joseph Gies, 'Margherita Datini: An Italian merchant's wife', in: Women in the middle ages (New York, 1978), 184-209; Louis Haas, 'Women and childbearing in medieval Florence', in: Medieval family roles: A book of essays, ed. Cathy J. Itnyre (New York, 1996), 87-99; David Herlihy, 'Women and the sources of medieval history: The towns of northern Italy', in: Medieval Women and the Sources of Family History, ed. Joel Rosenthal (Athens GA, 1990) 133-154 [reprinted in David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe: Historical Essays 1978-1991 (Providence, 1995), 13-32]; Thomas Kuehn, Law, family, and women: Toward a legal anthropology of Renaissance Italy (Chicago and London, 1991), 363; Lauro Martines, 'A way of looking at women in the Italian Renaissance', Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 4 (1974), 15-28; James Bruce Ross, 'The middle class child in urban Italy, fourteenth to sixteenth century', in: The history of childhood, ed. Lloyd de Mause (New York, 1974), 183-228; Natalie Tomas, 'A Positive Novelty': Women and public life in Renaissance Florence (Monash Publications in History: 12, Victoria, Australia, 1992), 14-26; Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1980), esp. 132-158.
28. Guasti, Lettere, xlvii-xlviii.
29. Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, 'Demographic decline and household structure: the example of Prato, late fourteenth to late fifteenth centuries', in: Women, family and ritual in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 1985), 26.
30. These are published in: Enrico Bensa, 'Il testamento di Marco Datini', Archivio Storico Pratese, 5 (1924), 74-79; Renato Piattoli, 'Codicillo al testamento di Marco Datini', Archivio Storico Pratese, 7 (1927), 20-23. The codicil survives as: Florence, Archivio di Stato, Diplomatico R. Aug. Verzoni-Muzzarelli, 19 June 1348.
31. These are published in: Enrico Bensa, 'Il testamento di Marco Datini', Archivio Storico Pratese, 5 (1924), 74-79; Renato Piattoli, 'Codicillo al testamento di Marco Datini', Archivio Storico Pratese, 7 (1927), 20-23. The codicil survives as: Florence, Archivio di Stato, Diplomatico R. Aug. Verzoni-Muzzarelli, 19 June 1348.
32. These are published in: Enrico Bensa, 'Il testamento di Marco Datini', Archivio Storico Pratese, 5 (1924), 74-79; Renato Piattoli, 'Codicillo al testamento di Marco Datini', Archivio Storico Pratese, 7 (1927), 20-23. The codicil survives as: Florence, Archivio di Stato, Diplomatico R. Aug. Verzoni-Muzzarelli, 19 June 1348.
33. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Fiera, 22 March 1372: . . . e chosi quello di Monna Agiuole di ser Biagio e di Mona Christiana e di Mona Tina mia zia. Note: throughout this article we will present the Italian as it appears in the primary documents - without corrections or modernisations.
34. For example: Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 7 March 1371, 28 August 1376; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Mona Piera to Francesco di Marco Datini; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Nicolozzo di Ser Naldo to Francesco di Marco Datini; Origo, Merchant, 20-29; Melis, Aspetti, 45-46.
35. For example: Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 7 March 1371, 28 August 1376; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Mona Piera to Francesco di Marco Datini; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Nicolozzo di Ser Naldo to Francesco di Marco Datini; Origo, Merchant, 20-29; Melis, Aspetti, 45-46.
36. For example: Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 7 March 1371, 28 August 1376; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Mona Piera to Francesco di Marco Datini; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Nicolozzo di Ser Naldo to Francesco di Marco Datini; Origo, Merchant, 20-29; Melis, Aspetti, 45-46.
37. For example: Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 7 March 1371, 28 August 1376; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Mona Piera to Francesco di Marco Datini; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Nicolozzo di Ser Naldo to Francesco di Marco Datini; Origo, Merchant, 20-29; Melis, Aspetti, 45-46.
38. For example: Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 7 March 1371, 28 August 1376; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Mona Piera to Francesco di Marco Datini; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letters Prato to Avignon, Nicolozzo di Ser Naldo to Francesco di Marco Datini; Origo, Merchant, 20-29; Melis, Aspetti, 45-46.
39. Origo, Merchant, 26; Melis, Aspetti, 48; Bensa, Francesco, 27; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Fograncesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 28 August 1376: Io credo che dio ordine quando naqua esio dovese avere mogle che fose fiorentina e pertanto io credo averlla vol[u]ta una fanculla ch'a nome Margherita...La Madre di questa fanculla a nome Mona Dianore, seroche {sic; Bensa suggests 'sirocchia'} del pelica {sic} Gherardini; rimase di questo Domenicho 3 fanculle e 3 figliuoli... [one sibling had already died.] Bensa transcribes this same passage and modernises the Italian. His efforts, however, are not above question: he writes 'Lianora' instead of 'Dianora'. His solution to the problem of 'pelica' is interesting and possibly correct: he suggests that it is a personal name, 'Pellicia'; the significance of the reference, however, is not clarified by this solution.
40. Origo, Merchant, 26; Melis, Aspetti, 48; Bensa, Francesco, 27; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Fograncesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 28 August 1376: Io credo che dio ordine quando naqua esio dovese avere mogle che fose fiorentina e pertanto io credo averlla vol[u]ta una fanculla ch'a nome Margherita...La Madre di questa fanculla a nome Mona Dianore, seroche {sic; Bensa suggests 'sirocchia'} del pelica {sic} Gherardini; rimase di questo Domenicho 3 fanculle e 3 figliuoli... [one sibling had already died.] Bensa transcribes this same passage and modernises the Italian. His efforts, however, are not above question: he writes 'Lianora' instead of 'Dianora'. His solution to the problem of 'pelica' is interesting and possibly correct: he suggests that it is a personal name, 'Pellicia'; the significance of the reference, however, is not clarified by this solution.
41. Origo, Merchant, 26; Melis, Aspetti, 48; Bensa, Francesco, 27; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Fograncesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 28 August 1376: Io credo che dio ordine quando naqua esio dovese avere mogle che fose fiorentina e pertanto io credo averlla vol[u]ta una fanculla ch'a nome Margherita...La Madre di questa fanculla a nome Mona Dianore, seroche {sic; Bensa suggests 'sirocchia'} del pelica {sic} Gherardini; rimase di questo Domenicho 3 fanculle e 3 figliuoli... [one sibling had already died.] Bensa transcribes this same passage and modernises the Italian. His efforts, however, are not above question: he writes 'Lianora' instead of 'Dianora'. His solution to the problem of 'pelica' is interesting and possibly correct: he suggests that it is a personal name, 'Pellicia'; the significance of the reference, however, is not clarified by this solution.
42. Origo, Merchant, 26; Melis, Aspetti, 48; Bensa, Francesco, 27; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Fograncesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 28 August 1376: Io credo che dio ordine quando naqua esio dovese avere mogle che fose fiorentina e pertanto io credo averlla vol[u]ta una fanculla ch'a nome Margherita...La Madre di questa fanculla a nome Mona Dianore, seroche {sic; Bensa suggests 'sirocchia'} del pelica {sic} Gherardini; rimase di questo Domenicho 3 fanculle e 3 figliuoli... [one sibling had already died.] Bensa transcribes this same passage and modernises the Italian. His efforts, however, are not above question: he writes 'Lianora' instead of 'Dianora'. His solution to the problem of 'pelica' is interesting and possibly correct: he suggests that it is a personal name, 'Pellicia'; the significance of the reference, however, is not clarified by this solution.
43. Gene Brucker, Florentine politics and society, 1343-1378 (Princeton, 1962), 185-6.
44. Origo, Merchant, 26; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 28 August 1376: ...la quale (Margherita) fue figliola di Domenicho Bandini al quale fue tagliate la testa a Firenza giafe piu tenpo che fue acholpato che vole a dare Firenze a nostro Signore.
45. Origo, Merchant, 26; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 28 August 1376: ...la quale (Margherita) fue figliola di Domenicho Bandini al quale fue tagliate la testa a Firenza giafe piu tenpo che fue acholpato che vole a dare Firenze a nostro Signore.
46. In his will, Francesco clearly states that Margherita brought no dowry to her marriage; Byrne, 'Father', 352; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 286.
47. In his will, Francesco clearly states that Margherita brought no dowry to her marriage; Byrne, 'Father', 352; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 286.
48. Klapisch-Zuber, 'Demographic decline', 27-29.
49. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letter Prato to Avignon, Mona Piera to Francesco di Marco Datini, 29 January 1376, 6 March 1376; Origo, Merchant, 25.
50. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1101, letter Prato to Avignon, Mona Piera to Francesco di Marco Datini, 29 January 1376, 6 March 1376; Origo, Merchant, 25.
51. Origo, Merchant, 165-168; Haas, 'Women and Childbearing', 88-91; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 212, Spese di Casa 1394-5 and 1397.
52. Origo, Merchant, 165-168; Haas, 'Women and Childbearing', 88-91; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 212, Spese di Casa 1394-5 and 1397.
53. Origo, Merchant, 165-168; Haas, 'Women and Childbearing', 88-91; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 212, Spese di Casa 1394-5 and 1397.
54. Anthony Molho, Marriage alliance in late medieval Florence (Cambridge, MA, 1994), 27-28.
55. Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, 'Women servants during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries,' in: Women and work in preindustrial Europe, ed. Barbara Hanawalt (Bloomington, 1986), 69. Natalie Tomas, however, skillfully shows that Margherita played an important role in Francesco's business by supplying him with local information and acting as his agent to certain important people who could influence such things as his tax assessment: Tomas, Positive Novelty, esp. 20-26.
56. Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, 'Women servants during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries,' in: Women and work in preindustrial Europe, ed. Barbara Hanawalt (Bloomington, 1986), 69. Natalie Tomas, however, skillfully shows that Margherita played an important role in Francesco's business by supplying him with local information and acting as his agent to certain important people who could influence such things as his tax assessment: Tomas, Positive Novelty, esp. 20-26.
57. David Herlihy, Medieval households (Cambridge MA, 1985), 153-154.
58. Origo claims, although on what grounds is not specified, that these children were not legitimate: Origo, Merchant, 190. About his fulfilling of his friends' bequest, Francesco wrote to Mona Piera: La chagione di questa lettera si e per mandare chon essa una lettera che va a Mona Aghostanza Pinzochera, figliuola che fu di Vanni per la quale lettera la significho la morte di Bonachurso suo fratello lo quale e morte a Roma a di 27 agosto. Io la significho de'fatti suoi di qua pero che ne so e grande parte perche detto Bonachurso m'amore forte e de lui e suo prochuratore mi lascia quando di que parti e rachomandomi 4 sue fancielle che gle nostro Signore a be' miserichordia della sua anima, che buono uomo... Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 22 September 1377.
59. Origo claims, although on what grounds is not specified, that these children were not legitimate: Origo, Merchant, 190. About his fulfilling of his friends' bequest, Francesco wrote to Mona Piera: La chagione di questa lettera si e per mandare chon essa una lettera che va a Mona Aghostanza Pinzochera, figliuola che fu di Vanni per la quale lettera la significho la morte di Bonachurso suo fratello lo quale e morte a Roma a di 27 agosto. Io la significho de'fatti suoi di qua pero che ne so e grande parte perche detto Bonachurso m'amore forte e de lui e suo prochuratore mi lascia quando di que parti e rachomandomi 4 sue fancielle che gle nostro Signore a be' miserichordia della sua anima, che buono uomo... Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 22 September 1377.
60. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 21 August 1379: Io sono rimaso ghovernatore delle quatro fanculle [e] figliuole che furono di Bonachorso di Vanni fratello di Monna Aghostanza. Il padre loro me le rachomando forte e a bocha e per scrita. e a lasciatomi loro prochuratore...
61. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1114, letter Avignon to Prato, Francesco di Marco Datini to Mona Piera, 20 January 1380: la magiore fanculla ch'e una bella e buona figliuola...e l'altra [si] ghoverna la madre.
62. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 214, filza 3, Spese di Casa 1384-1392, f. 4v: 4 octobre 1382: pan[n]o rosato di Bersela de picholi per una chotandita per la Madelena quando si sposa-£12.
63. Rosati, Lettere, 18.
64. Rosati, Lettere, 52; Origo, Merchant, 195.
65. Rosati, Lettere, 52; Origo, Merchant, 195.
66. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1103, letter Florence to Prato, Niccolò di Ammanato Tecchini to Margherita Datini, 5 June 1396.
67. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1103, letter Florence to Bologna, Caterina di Niccholo di Ammanato Tecchini to Francesco di Marco Datini, 10 July 1401: Charisimo padre, sempre v'o abiato a ticiuto [accetato?] per padre e chosi Mona Margherita per madre, e pregovi per amore di Messer Domenedio che ora piu che mai mi dobiate acutare [acietare?] per figuolla chosiderate el mio bisognio e i'o grande fidacua in voi.
68. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 614, Francesco di Marco Proprio, f. 110v, 20 May 1403: Richordanza che Lucha del Sera stava per noi a Valenza a di 20 di magio 1403 chol nome di dio e salvamento d'anima e di chorpo chon promise e giuro la Chaterina figluola di Nicholo del Amanato la quale abbiamo in chasa charta per mano di Ser Lapo Mazi. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 598, Libro Nero A, f. 93v, 1403: Mona Chaterina figuola di Nicholo del Amanate e dona del Lucha del Sera de e dare di 12 luglio £600 prometemo per lei a Lucha del Sera suo marito per la dota sua in queste.
69. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 614, Francesco di Marco Proprio, f. 110v, 20 May 1403: Richordanza che Lucha del Sera stava per noi a Valenza a di 20 di magio 1403 chol nome di dio e salvamento d'anima e di chorpo chon promise e giuro la Chaterina figluola di Nicholo del Amanato la quale abbiamo in chasa charta per mano di Ser Lapo Mazi. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 598, Libro Nero A, f. 93v, 1403: Mona Chaterina figuola di Nicholo del Amanate e dona del Lucha del Sera de e dare di 12 luglio £600 prometemo per lei a Lucha del Sera suo marito per la dota sua in queste.
70. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 598, Libro Nero A, f. 94r, 18 September 1403.
71. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1099, letter Prato to Pistoia, Niccolò di Piero di Giunta to Francesco di Marco, 29 July 1390: mando vi 2 chamicie che m'adatte Mona Simone per la Chaterina e piu una paio di pianella per detta Chatterina.
72. Origo, Merchant, 198.
73. Rosati, Lettere, 114.
74. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1103, letter Prato to Bologna, Tina di Nicolo di Piero in Prato to Francesco di Marco, 3 August 1400.
75. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 212, Spese di Casa 1394-5, 1397, f. 20r, 20v and 21v: 20r: Pani si darano di 17 di magio 1397: 3 chamice di Mona Margherita, 3d; 2 camice dela Ginevra, 2d; 2 camice dela Caterina, 2d. 20v: Pani si darano di 30 di giugno 1397: 4 chamice di Mona Margherita, 4d; 9 chamice di queste fanciulle, 9d; 1 guarnello della Chaterina, 2d; 2 chamice della Chaterina, 2d; 2 chamice della Ginevra, 2d;.... 2 chamice di Madonna, 1 chamice di Ginevra, 1 chamice de la Chaterina. 21r: lana pani...11 d'agosto 1397: 1 guarnella della Chaterina, 4d; 6 chamicie di Franciesco, 6d; 5 chamicie della Chaterina, 6d; 4 chamicie della Ginevra, 5d; 3 bavarelli della Ginevra [..].
76. Rosati, Lettere, 209.
77. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 212, Spese di Casa 1394-5 and 1397, f. 20v and 21v, 17 May 1397, 30 June 1397, 5 November 1397.
78. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 213, Spese di Casa 1408-9, f. 9r-12r. During February and March 1409, Francesco made eight payments totalling 25s 2d.
79. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 218, filza 1401, Spese di Casa, 17 September 1401: per tre paia di scharpette nero, uno per Ginevra, uno per la Nana, uno per [Margherita] s17.
80. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Francesco di Marco da Prato proprio, f. 60r, 27 June 1400; Melis, Aspetti, 56-7.
81. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Francesco di Marco da Prato proprio, f. 60r, 27 June 1400; Melis, Aspetti, 56-7.
82. Cecchi, Lettere, 34; Origo, Merchant, 174.
83. Cecchi, Lettere, 34; Origo, Merchant, 174.
84. Richard Trexler, 'The foundlings of Florence, 1395-1455', The history of childhood quarterly, 1 (1973), 262; Klapisch-Zuber, 'Women Servants', 70.
85. Richard Trexler, 'The foundlings of Florence, 1395-1455', The history of childhood quarterly, 1 (1973), 262; Klapisch-Zuber, 'Women Servants', 70.
86. Origo, Merchant, 174.
87. Origo, Merchant, 175, 302.
88. Klapisch-Zuber, 'Women Servants', 68, 74.
89. Origo, Merchant, 175.
90. Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood parents and milk parents: wet nursing in Florence, 1300-1530', in: Women, family and ritual in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 1985), 133. Also on this subject, see Shulamith Shahar, Childhood in the middle ages (New York, 1990), esp. 53-76.
91. Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood parents and milk parents: wet nursing in Florence, 1300-1530', in: Women, family and ritual in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 1985), 133. Also on this subject, see Shulamith Shahar, Childhood in the middle ages (New York, 1990), esp. 53-76.
92. Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood Parents', 141.
93. Ross, 'Middle-class child', 188, 190-2; Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood Parents', 136.
94. Ross, 'Middle-class child', 188, 190-2; Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood Parents', 136.
95. Shahar, Childhood, 56.
96. Origo, Merchant, 175.
97. Ross, 'Middle-class child', 191, 195.
98. Rosati, Lettere, 174.
99. Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood Parents', 145, 153-4.
100. Origo, Merchant, 175.
101. Cecchi, Lettere, 49.
102. Origo, Merchant, 175-6.
103. Origo, Merchant, 176;
104. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1099, letter Prato to Pistoia, Niccolò di Piero di Giunta to Francesco di Marco, 28 September 1390: ...e pertanto ditte quello che vi pare ch'io abia a fare della Ghirighora se'lla mene a chasa vostra o alia mia, o se'lla ista cholla elle altro fanciullo a Prato, se'lle i'lascia o se'lle il tiene ele in sara maltratta e ara charo d'avere del panne...io vi richordo l'ammo e'l'tuo onor vostro; voi suette sanio sapette quello diliberette ch'io facia farro.
105. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1099, letter Prato to Pistoia, Niccolò di Piero di Giunta to Francesco di Marco, Prato to Pistoia, 2 October 1390, 6 October 1390, 22 October 1390.
106. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1103, letter Prato to Pistoia, Cristofano di Mercato to Francesco di Marco, 20 November 1390: ...in tutti l'altri miei debitori sono venuti a me a proferemesi datare i voi guatate didi farmi m'a'tanto vi dicho che se dio il suo male; io ista male, la Ghirighora fate bene.
107. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlvii; Origo, Merchant, 177.
108. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlvii; Origo, Merchant, 177.
109. Cecchi, Lettere, 52; Rosati, Lettere, 42.
110. Cecchi, Lettere, 52; Rosati, Lettere, 42.
111. Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood Parents', 141.
112. Rosati, Lettere, 254.
113. Cecchi, Lettere, 260.
114. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlvii. Lucia was a beneficiary of a moderate sum in both the 1400 and 1410 versions of Datini's will: Byrne, 'Father', 344.
115. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlvii. Lucia was a beneficiary of a moderate sum in both the 1400 and 1410 versions of Datini's will: Byrne, 'Father', 344.
116. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, 353 n. 1. He references a ledger which cannot now be located in the Datini collection.
117. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 557 Libro Nero di Francesco di Marco e Stoldo di Lorenzo in Prato 1390-94, f. 79v; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio Segnata A, f. 176r: Francescho di Marcho proprio de dare a di 15 maggio 1392 56s paghamo per uno copetta e uno ghuarnelo e 6 chamice per la fanciula sua mandamo a Monte Lupo 14s 8d.
118. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 557 Libro Nero di Francesco di Marco e Stoldo di Lorenzo in Prato 1390-94, f. 79v; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio Segnata A, f. 176r: Francescho di Marcho proprio de dare a di 15 maggio 1392 56s paghamo per uno copetta e uno ghuarnelo e 6 chamice per la fanciula sua mandamo a Monte Lupo 14s 8d.
119. Gavitt, 45; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xvv; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 283, no. 2. Item: reliquit Hospitali Sanctae Mariae Novae de Florentia, pro nubendo quandam puellam, quam Hospitalario dicti Hospitalis posuit in secreto... item etiam mihi notario infrascripto, et cuique ipsorum idem dixit et posuit in secreto.
120. Gavitt, 45; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xvv; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 283, no. 2. Item: reliquit Hospitali Sanctae Mariae Novae de Florentia, pro nubendo quandam puellam, quam Hospitalario dicti Hospitalis posuit in secreto... item etiam mihi notario infrascripto, et cuique ipsorum idem dixit et posuit in secreto.
121. Gavitt, 45; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xvv; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 283, no. 2. Item: reliquit Hospitali Sanctae Mariae Novae de Florentia, pro nubendo quandam puellam, quam Hospitalario dicti Hospitalis posuit in secreto... item etiam mihi notario infrascripto, et cuique ipsorum idem dixit et posuit in secreto.
122. Origo, Merchant, 177.
123. Richard Trexler, 'Infanticide in Florence: new sources and first results', History of Childhood Quarterly, 1 (1973), 101. Klapisch-Zuber and Boswell also found that slave-mothers heightened the chance that a child would be abandoned. Christine Klapisch-Zuber, 'Childhood in Tuscany at the beginning of the fifteenth century', in: Women, family and ritual in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 1985), 104; John Boswell, The Kindness of strangers: The abandonment of children in western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance (New York, 1988), 419-20.
124. Richard Trexler, 'Infanticide in Florence: new sources and first results', History of Childhood Quarterly, 1 (1973), 101. Klapisch-Zuber and Boswell also found that slave-mothers heightened the chance that a child would be abandoned. Christine Klapisch-Zuber, 'Childhood in Tuscany at the beginning of the fifteenth century', in: Women, family and ritual in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 1985), 104; John Boswell, The Kindness of strangers: The abandonment of children in western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance (New York, 1988), 419-20.
125. Richard Trexler, 'Infanticide in Florence: new sources and first results', History of Childhood Quarterly, 1 (1973), 101. Klapisch-Zuber and Boswell also found that slave-mothers heightened the chance that a child would be abandoned. Christine Klapisch-Zuber, 'Childhood in Tuscany at the beginning of the fifteenth century', in: Women, family and ritual in Renaissance Italy (Chicago, 1985), 104; John Boswell, The Kindness of strangers: The abandonment of children in western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance (New York, 1988), 419-20.
126. David Herlihy and Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, Tuscans and their families: A study of the Florentine Catasto of 1427 (New Haven, 1985), 146; Trexler, 'Foundlings', 101, 261, 270-1.
127. David Herlihy and Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, Tuscans and their families: A study of the Florentine Catasto of 1427 (New Haven, 1985), 146; Trexler, 'Foundlings', 101, 261, 270-1.
128. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa.
129. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa.
130. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa.
131. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4473, Libro di Entrata (1422-4), f. 4r, July 1423.
132. Boswell, Kindness, 415-17; Gavitt, Charity, 43-44. Enrico Bensa perpetrated a barely forgivable fallacy when he claimed Datini chose Santa Maria Nuova because the most famous of all the foundling hospitals, the Ospedale degli Innocenti, had not yet been built (non era sorto): Bensa, Francesco, 39.
133. Boswell, Kindness, 415-17; Gavitt, Charity, 43-44. Enrico Bensa perpetrated a barely forgivable fallacy when he claimed Datini chose Santa Maria Nuova because the most famous of all the foundling hospitals, the Ospedale degli Innocenti, had not yet been built (non era sorto): Bensa, Francesco, 39.
134. Boswell, Kindness, 415-17; Gavitt, Charity, 43-44. Enrico Bensa perpetrated a barely forgivable fallacy when he claimed Datini chose Santa Maria Nuova because the most famous of all the foundling hospitals, the Ospedale degli Innocenti, had not yet been built (non era sorto): Bensa, Francesco, 39.
135. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 60, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 68, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 69, Testamenti.
136. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 60, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 68, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 69, Testamenti.
137. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 60, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 68, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 69, Testamenti.
138. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 60, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 68, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 69, Testamenti.
139. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 60, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 68, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 69, Testamenti.
140. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4446, Libro di Entrata (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5038, Quaderni di Casa (1391-3); Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 5740, Poderi e Casa; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 60, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 68, Testamenti; Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 69, Testamenti.
141. There is no evidence that the child was in Prato before being sent to the nurse, whereas these notices in Datini's Florentine register and will substantiate that she was born in Florence. Prato's foundling hospital was founded in 1333. Boswell, Kindness, 415, n. 55.
142. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 619, filza 4, Quadernaccio e altra mutili, f. 13r, 24 June 1392.
143. Klapisch-Zuber, 'Blood Parents', 151.
144. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 557, Libro Nero di Francesco di Marco e Stoldo di Lorenzo in Prato 1390-94, f. 106v, 29 April 1394; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1086, letter Prato to Florence, Franceco di Marco to Stoldo di Lorenzo, 4 September 1391; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 619, filza 4, Quadernaccio e altra mutili 1383, 1395-8, f. 13r, 14 April 1384; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 669, letter Florence to Montelupo, Piero di Strenna to Francesco di Marco.
145. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 557, Libro Nero di Francesco di Marco e Stoldo di Lorenzo in Prato 1390-94, f. 106v, 29 April 1394; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1086, letter Prato to Florence, Franceco di Marco to Stoldo di Lorenzo, 4 September 1391; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 619, filza 4, Quadernaccio e altra mutili 1383, 1395-8, f. 13r, 14 April 1384; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 669, letter Florence to Montelupo, Piero di Strenna to Francesco di Marco.
146. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 557, Libro Nero di Francesco di Marco e Stoldo di Lorenzo in Prato 1390-94, f. 106v, 29 April 1394; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1086, letter Prato to Florence, Franceco di Marco to Stoldo di Lorenzo, 4 September 1391; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 619, filza 4, Quadernaccio e altra mutili 1383, 1395-8, f. 13r, 14 April 1384; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 669, letter Florence to Montelupo, Piero di Strenna to Francesco di Marco.
147. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 557, Libro Nero di Francesco di Marco e Stoldo di Lorenzo in Prato 1390-94, f. 106v, 29 April 1394; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1086, letter Prato to Florence, Franceco di Marco to Stoldo di Lorenzo, 4 September 1391; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 619, filza 4, Quadernaccio e altra mutili 1383, 1395-8, f. 13r, 14 April 1384; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 669, letter Florence to Montelupo, Piero di Strenna to Francesco di Marco.
148. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio Segnata A, Francesco di Marco Proprio, f. 184r. De dare a di 10 marzo 1394: F12 14s 4d, sono per bracia 1 2/3 d'azurino per Nanino manovale, e braccia 2 1/3 di scharlatino per mandare e a mandare a Monte Lupo.
149. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1090, letter Florence to Prato, Giovanni di Banduccio da Prato, physician, to Francesco di Marco, 17 May 1396.
150. Melis, Aspetti, 48; Origo, Merchant, 198; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1109, letter Montelupo to Prato Piero di Strenna to Francesco di Marco, 8 August 1395: Riceveti vostra lettera ch'io ve ne mandassi Ginevra vostra figliuolla... l'amore che la dona mia ed io l'avamo... era chome fosse nostra figliuollo per piu chagioni e perche ll'e buona fancella e de molto paurossa... a Firenze faremo insieme.
151. Melis, Aspetti, 48; Origo, Merchant, 198; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1109, letter Montelupo to Prato Piero di Strenna to Francesco di Marco, 8 August 1395: Riceveti vostra lettera ch'io ve ne mandassi Ginevra vostra figliuolla... l'amore che la dona mia ed io l'avamo... era chome fosse nostra figliuollo per piu chagioni e perche ll'e buona fancella e de molto paurossa... a Firenze faremo insieme.
152. Melis, Aspetti, 48; Origo, Merchant, 198; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1109, letter Montelupo to Prato Piero di Strenna to Francesco di Marco, 8 August 1395: Riceveti vostra lettera ch'io ve ne mandassi Ginevra vostra figliuolla... l'amore che la dona mia ed io l'avamo... era chome fosse nostra figliuollo per piu chagioni e perche ll'e buona fancella e de molto paurossa... a Firenze faremo insieme.
153. Origo, Merchant, 177; Ross, 'Middle-class child', 195. The ledgers do contain two substantial payments to di Strenna, in April and May 1394; one of these, however, is specifically for lead, while the other is not the amount mentioned by Origo:
154. Origo, Merchant, 177; Ross, 'Middle-class child', 195. The ledgers do contain two substantial payments to di Strenna, in April and May 1394; one of these, however, is specifically for lead, while the other is not the amount mentioned by Origo:
155. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 557, f. 106v, 107r: 106v Piero di Stenna {sic} da Monte Lupo de dare adi 29 1394 d'aprile F7 {sic} 16s i quali sono per pionbo gli mando da Pisa a Francescho da Marcho chome al meno. 107r Piero di Stenna da Monte Lupo de avere a di 6 di magio 1394 F27 16s i qua dar abiamo posto che debe dare a Libro rosso.
156. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 218, filza 1397, Spese di Casa, f. 1 April 1397, 13 April 1397: 2 chamicie della Ginevra, 2d.
157. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 218, filza 1397, Spese di Casa, f. 1 April 1397, 13 April 1397, 11 February 1398, 3 May 1398; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 212, Spese di Casa 1394-5 and 1397, f. 20v, 21v, 26v, 17 May 1397, 30 June 1397, 5 November 1397, 11 August 1397.
158. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 218, filza 1397, Spese di Casa, f. 1 April 1397, 13 April 1397, 11 February 1398, 3 May 1398; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 212, Spese di Casa 1394-5 and 1397, f. 20v, 21v, 26v, 17 May 1397, 30 June 1397, 5 November 1397, 11 August 1397.
159. Rosati, Lettere, 216-7.
160. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanze Proprio, Segnata A, f. 69v, 7 June 1398. On buttons as a signifier of wealth and taste in fourteenth-century Italy, see Maria Giuseppina Muzzarelli, 'La disciplina delle apparenze. Vesti e ornamenti nella legislazione suntuaria bolognese fra XIII e XV secolo', in: Disciplina dell'anima, disciplina del corpo, e disciplina della società tra medioevo et età moderna, ed. Paolo Prodi (Bologna, 1994), 763.
161. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanze Proprio, Segnata A, f. 69v, 7 June 1398. On buttons as a signifier of wealth and taste in fourteenth-century Italy, see Maria Giuseppina Muzzarelli, 'La disciplina delle apparenze. Vesti e ornamenti nella legislazione suntuaria bolognese fra XIII e XV secolo', in: Disciplina dell'anima, disciplina del corpo, e disciplina della società tra medioevo et età moderna, ed. Paolo Prodi (Bologna, 1994), 763.
162. Rosati, Lettere, 260; Origo, Merchant, 198.
163. Rosati, Lettere, 260; Origo, Merchant, 198.
164. Rosati, Lettere, 283-4.
165. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio, Segnata A, fol. 70v, 10 August, 1398; Origo, Merchant, 199.
166. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio, Segnata A, fol. 70v, 10 August, 1398; Origo, Merchant, 199.
167. Rosati, Lettere, 110.
168. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio Segnata A, f. 23v, 31 October 1399; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 614, Francesco di Marco Proprio, f. 5v, 20 February 1403; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlv; Origo, Merchant, 199.
169. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio Segnata A, f. 23v, 31 October 1399; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 614, Francesco di Marco Proprio, f. 5v, 20 February 1403; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlv; Origo, Merchant, 199.
170. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio Segnata A, f. 23v, 31 October 1399; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 614, Francesco di Marco Proprio, f. 5v, 20 February 1403; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlv; Origo, Merchant, 199.
171. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 613, Quadernaccio Memoriale Ricordanza Proprio Segnata A, f. 23v, 31 October 1399; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 614, Francesco di Marco Proprio, f. 5v, 20 February 1403; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlv; Origo, Merchant, 199.
172. Origo, Merchant, 201-5, Bensa, Francesco, 49; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 189, Libro da Prato, A, Debitore e Creditore, de Barzalone di Spedalieri (1406-8), f. 155r: Lionardo di Ser Tomaso di Giunta chol nome di dio questo di 24 d'aprile 1407 e'l di di San Giorgio di Domenicho dopo adesmarte in San Francescho in Prato giura e chonpromisse la Ginevra nostra figluola di Francescho di Marcho con promise si in Luca del Sera e Barzalone di Spedaliere la deta charta a per mano di Ser Lapo Mazzei notario fiorentino al modo Firenze.
173. Origo, Merchant, 201-5, Bensa, Francesco, 49; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 189, Libro da Prato, A, Debitore e Creditore, de Barzalone di Spedalieri (1406-8), f. 155r: Lionardo di Ser Tomaso di Giunta chol nome di dio questo di 24 d'aprile 1407 e'l di di San Giorgio di Domenicho dopo adesmarte in San Francescho in Prato giura e chonpromisse la Ginevra nostra figluola di Francescho di Marcho con promise si in Luca del Sera e Barzalone di Spedaliere la deta charta a per mano di Ser Lapo Mazzei notario fiorentino al modo Firenze.
174. Origo, Merchant, 201-5, Bensa, Francesco, 49; Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 189, Libro da Prato, A, Debitore e Creditore, de Barzalone di Spedalieri (1406-8), f. 155r: Lionardo di Ser Tomaso di Giunta chol nome di dio questo di 24 d'aprile 1407 e'l di di San Giorgio di Domenicho dopo adesmarte in San Francescho in Prato giura e chonpromisse la Ginevra nostra figluola di Francescho di Marcho con promise si in Luca del Sera e Barzalone di Spedaliere la deta charta a per mano di Ser Lapo Mazzei notario fiorentino al modo Firenze.
175. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini carteggio 1110, letter Prato to Florence, Niccolò di Piero di Giunta to Francesco di Marco, 14 February 1401.
176. Byrne, 'Father', 354-5.
177. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 599, Libro Bianco B, f. 329v, 344v, 383v, 397v; Origo, Merchant, 202-3, 296-8.
178. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 599, Libro Bianco B, f. 329v, 344v, 383v, 397v; Origo, Merchant, 202-3, 296-8.
179. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Datini busta 213, Spese di Casa, f. 17r, August 1409.
180. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Ceppo Nuovo 1618, f. 56v, 20 August 1410: Nela camera di Mona Ginevra: una lertiora con predelle interno dale due faccie, due cassapanetre catuuna atee screami, mecco saccone tra biancho e vermiglio, una matarassa bi bordo di sorto di panno lino rosse ...
181. Gavitt, Charity, 45-56; Melis, Aspetti, 7; Bensa, Francesco, 51-54; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, cxxx-cxxxvii; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 270-310.
182. Gavitt, Charity, 45-56; Melis, Aspetti, 7; Bensa, Francesco, 51-54; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, cxxx-cxxxvii; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 270-310.
183. Gavitt, Charity, 45-56; Melis, Aspetti, 7; Bensa, Francesco, 51-54; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, cxxx-cxxxvii; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 270-310.
184. Gavitt, Charity, 45-56; Melis, Aspetti, 7; Bensa, Francesco, 51-54; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, cxxx-cxxxvii; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 270-310.
185. Gavitt, Charity, 45-56; Melis, Aspetti, 7; Bensa, Francesco, 51-54; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, cxxx-cxxxvii; Guasti, Lettere, vol. 2, 270-310.
186. Byrne, 'Father', 349-52.
187. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Ceppo Nuovo 1579, Libro, f. 143v, 29 October 1417.
188. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Ceppo Nuovo 2340bi, filza 2, Ceppo di Francesco di Marco in Prato, f. 17v, 19 May 1421.
189. Florence, Archivio di Stato, Ospedale di Santa Maria Nuova 4473, Libro di Entrata (1422-4), f. 4r, July 1423: - Dare dita di Mona Margherita fue di Francesco di Marcho di Matteo {sic} da Prato £25 9s 6d rico Alesandro d'Antonio nostro che gli trovo in casa levati dal quaderno segnato S a carta 145 it di poste ala redita a le libro nero aventari a carte 122. - Da dessa redita per vino vendite uglimecione li nati daesso quaderno as 14 per tutto £5 11s 6d e desa inventar a carta 122.
190. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, cxxxvii n. 2; Origo, Merchant, 387, 175. Origo argues away this seeming incongruity by accusing Margherita of resenting Francesco; the more likely explanation, however, is that Guasti made an error in saying 'Novella' instead of 'Nuova'.
191. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, cxxxvii n. 2; Origo, Merchant, 387, 175. Origo argues away this seeming incongruity by accusing Margherita of resenting Francesco; the more likely explanation, however, is that Guasti made an error in saying 'Novella' instead of 'Nuova'.
192. Prato, Archivio di Stato, Ceppo Nuovo 1785, filza 1, Florence to Prato, Luca del Sera to the Rettore del Ceppo, 11 August 1423.
193. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlviii. Guasti cites 'Archivio di Stato. Catasto. Porto Gualdimare e Porta Leone di Prato, 656.'
194. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlviii. Guasti cites 'Archivio di Stato. Catasto. Porto Gualdimare e Porta Leone di Prato, 656.'
195. Guasti, Lettere, vol. 1, xlvii-xlviii.
196. For example, compare to the children's experiences portrayed or prescribed in: The Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, ed. Norman Davis, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1971, 1976); The Babees Book, ed. Frederick Furnivall (London and New York, 1969); Manners and Household Expenses of England in the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Centuries; Illustrated by Original Records, ed. Beriah Botfield (London, 1841).
197. For example, compare to the children's experiences portrayed or prescribed in: The Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, ed. Norman Davis, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1971, 1976); The Babees Book, ed. Frederick Furnivall (London and New York, 1969); Manners and Household Expenses of England in the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Centuries; Illustrated by Original Records, ed. Beriah Botfield (London, 1841).
198. For example, compare to the children's experiences portrayed or prescribed in: The Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, ed. Norman Davis, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1971, 1976); The Babees Book, ed. Frederick Furnivall (London and New York, 1969); Manners and Household Expenses of England in the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Centuries; Illustrated by Original Records, ed. Beriah Botfield (London, 1841).