Women and the pennsylvania railroad: The World War II Years

Labor History

Volumn 30, Issue 4, 1989, Pages 608-621

  Nash, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039221546     PISSN: 0023656X     EISSN: 14699702     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00236568900890381     Document Type: Note

References (36)

1. William Chafe, The American Woman: Her Changing Social, Economic, and Political Roles (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972), 136-7;
2. Maureen Honey, Creating Rosie the Riveter: Class, Gender, and Propaganda During World War II (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984);
3. Alice Kessler-Harris, Out to Work: A History of Wage Earning Women in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), 273-299;
4. Karen Anderson, Wartime Women: Sex Roles, Family Relations and Status of Women During World War II (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981);
5. Leila Rupp, Mobilizing Women for War: German and American Propaganda, 1939-45 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978);
6. Janice Trey, “Women in the War Economy,” Review of Radical Political Economy, 4 (July 1972) 42-57;
7. Paddy Quick, “Rosie the Riveter: Myths and Realities,” Radical America, 9 (July 1975), 115 32.
8. Honey, 1-2.
9. Ruth Milkman, Gender at Work: The Dynamics of Job Segregation by Sex During World War //(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), 1-11;
10. David Gordon, Richard Edwards, Michael Reich, Segmented and Divided Workers (London: Cambridge University Press, 1977).
11. Milkman, xiii-xiv.
12. This article was written using the archives of the Pennsylvania Railroad's Personnel Dept. and Wage Bureau which are now at the Hagley Museum and Library. These records were accessioned as part of a three year cooperative acquisition and appraisal project which involved seven research libraries. Other record groups have been deposited with the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Temple University, Pennsylvania State University, the University of Michigan, the New Jersey State Archives and the New York Public Library.
13. Pennsylvania Railroad Annual Reports, 1940-1945. Wage Rates are from Chief of Motive Power Records, 1938-1941 Salary Survey, Box 49. See also “Outline of Testimony of J. W. Cram, Chief of Personnel Before l.C.C. in Reparation Case,” Page 2, Box 808.
14. See statistical surveys “Number of Female Employees in All Departments,” 1940-1945. Superintendent of Wage Bureau Western Region Records, File. 016. See also, “Employment of Women in Train Service,” Personnel Department Records, Box 864.
15. See “Employment of Women in Train Service.”
16. “Instructions Governing Employment of Women for Railroad Service on the Pennsylvania Railroad” (1942).
17. Lear to H. A. Enochs, May 28, 1942, File. 016. Vice President for Personnel, Memorandum, May 15, 1942 (File. 016).
18. Letter, Altoona Works Manager to H. W. Jones, Chief of Motive Power, Feb. 3, 1943; Also see file on “Employment of Women in Train Service,” Box 864.
19. See Norman Lear Memorandum, Norman Lear May 6, 1943, filed. 016.
20. See “Instructions Governing the Employment of Women,” 1944, revised edition (file. 016).
21. On A. F. Whitney, see Cleveland Press, July 5, 1942, also see correspondence between H. L. Nanacrow, Assistant General Manager of the Western Region and U. D. Hartman, Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, 1943-44, folder 6, Box 864.
22. “Employment of Women in Train Service,” 2.
23. Internal Personnel Dept. Report “On Labor Turnover,” Feb. 19, 1943, Box 864.
24. See J. W. O. to Elliot Musser, May 18, 1943, Box 864, folder 2.
25. See unsigned letter to Vice President of Personnel, Dec. 15, 1943, Box 864, folder 2.
26. Elliot Musser to J. W. O. May 18, 1943, Box 864, folder 2.
27. See cases of “Five Women Trainmen Allegedly Improperly Furloughed,” Box 864, folder 4.
28. Maurine Weiner Greenwald, Woman, War, and Work: the Impact of World War I on Women Workers in the United States (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1980), 87-139.
29. J. E. Byrnes to M. C. Johnson, June 19, 1918. Box 987.
30. J. E. Brynes to M. C. Johnson, June 19, 1918. Box 987.
31. J. E. Brynes to M. C. Johnson, June 27, 1918. Box 987.
32. See surveys on female and Negro employment in Personnel Department Records, Box 811-812 (1945).
33. L. H. Riffell to W. C. Higgenbottom, Aug. 24, 1931, Box 987.
34. H. L. Peeks (General Superintendent to H. E. Newdomett, General Manager), July 9, 1928, Box 987.
35. Manpower Situation of the PRR, 1948-1951, Personnel Department Office Files, Box 811.
36. See cases of women allegedly improperly furloughed, PRR Records, Box 864.