Physiological responses of sheep during long road journeys involving ferry crossings

Animal Science

Volumn 69, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 19-27

  Hall, S J G ^a,d   Broom, D M ^a   Goode, J A ^b   Lloyd, D M ^b   Parrott, R F ^b   Rodway, R G ^c  

^a Dept of Clin Veterinary Medicine ^*  (United Kingdom)

^b BABRAHAM INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^d DE MONTFORT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Heart rates; Hydrocortisone; Sheep; Stress; Transport

Indexed keywords

OVIS ARIES;

EID: 0039110622     PISSN: 13577298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1357729800051055     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Anil, M. H., Ozgen, O., Warriss, P. D., Knowles, T. G., Brown, S. N., McKinstry, J. L., Edwards, J. E., Adams, S. J. M. and Rodway, R. G. 1993. Noise and stress responses in sheep and pigs. Animal Production 56: 436 (abstr.).
2. Baldock, N. M., Penning, P. D. and Sibly, R. M. 1987. A system for recording sheep ECG in the field using a miniature 24-hour tape recorder. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2: 57-66.
3. Baldock, N. M. and Sibly, R. M. 1990. Effects of handling and transportation on the heart rate and behaviour of sheep. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 28:15-39.
4. Bradshaw, R. H., Parrott, R. F., Goode, J. A., Lloyd, D. M., Rodway, R. G. and Broom, D. M. 1996. Behavioural and hormonal responses of pigs during transport: effect of mixing and duration of journey. Animal Science 62: 547-554.
5. Braun, J. P., Lefebvre, H. P., Hamliri, A., Kessabi, M. and Toutain, P. L. 1993. Creatine kinase in sheep: a review. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 144: 659-664.
6. Broom, D. M., Goode, J. A., Hall, S. J. G., Lloyd, D. M. and Parrott, R. F. 1996. Hormonal and physiological effects of a 15 h road journey in sheep: comparison with the responses to loading, handling and penning in the absence of transport. British Veterinary Journal 152: 593-604.
7. Broom, D. M. and Johnson, K. G. 1993. Stress and animal welfare. Chapman and Hall, London.
8. Cockram, M. S., Kent, J. E., Goddard, P. J., Waran, N. K., McGilp, I. M., Jackson, R. E., Muwanga, G. M. and Prytherch, S. 1996. Effect of space allowance during transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of lambs during and after transport. Animal Science 62: 461-477.
9. Fordham, D. P., Lincoln, G. A., Ssewannyana, E. and Rodway, R. G. 1989. Plasma β-endorphin and cortisol concentrations in lambs after handling, transport and slaughter. Animal Production 49:103-107.
10. Hall, S. J. G. and Bradshaw, R. H. 1998. Welfare aspects of the transport by road of sheep and pigs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 1: 235-254.
11. Hall, S. J. G., Broom, D. M. and Kiddy, G. N. S. 1998a. Effect of transportation on plasma cortisol and packed cell volume in different genotypes of sheep. Small Ruminant Research 29: 233-237.
12. Hall, S. J. G., Kirkpatrick, S. M. and Broom, D. M. 1998b. Behavioural and physiological responses of sheep of different breeds to supplementary feeding, social mixing and taming, in the context of transport. Animal Science 67: 475-483.
13. Hall, S. J. G., Schmidt, B. and Broom, D. M. 1997. Feeding behaviour and the intake of food and water by sheep after a period of deprivation lasting 14 h. Animal Science 64: 105-110.
14. Hargreaves, A. L. and Hutson, G. D. 1990a. The stress response in sheep during routine handling procedures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26: 83-90.
15. Hargreaves, A. L. and Hutson, G. D. 1990b. Changes in heart rate, plasma cortisol and haematocrit of sheep during a shearing procedure. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26: 91-101.
16. Hargreaves, A. L. and Hutson, G. D. 1990c. An evaluation of the contribution of isolation, up-ending and wool removal to the stress response to shearing. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 26:103-113.
17. Harlow, H. J., Thorne, E. T., Williams, E. S., Belden, E. L. and Gern, W. A. 1987. Adrenal responsiveness in domestic sheep (Ovis aries) to acute and chronic stressors as predicted by remote monitoring of cardiac frequency. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 2021-2027.
18. Hopster, H. and Blokhuis, H. J. 1994. Validation of a heart-rate monitor for measuring a stress response in dairy cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74: 465-474.
19. Knowles, T. G. 1998. A review of the road transport of slaughter sheep. Veterinary Record 143: 212-219.
20. Knowles, T. G., Brown, S. N., Warriss, P. D., Phillips, A. J., Dolan, S. K., Hunt, P., Ford, J. E., Edwards, J. E. and Watkins, P. E. 1995. Effects on sheep of transport by road for up to 24 hours. Veterinary Record 136: 431-438.
21. Knowles, T. G., Warriss, P. D., Brown, S. N. and Edwards, J. E. 1998. Effects of stocking density on lambs being transported by road. Veterinary Record 142: 503-509.
22. Knowles, T. G., Warriss, P. D., Brown, S. N. and Kestin, S. C. 1994. Long distance transport of export lambs. Veterinary Record 134: 107-110.
23. Knowles, T. G., Warriss, P. D., Brown, S. N., Kestin, S. C., Edwards, J. E., Perry, A. M., Watkins, P. E. and Phillips, A. J. 1996. Effects of feeding, watering and resting intervals on lambs transported by road and ferry to France. Veterinary Record 139: 335-339.
24. Knowles, T. G., Warriss, P. D., Brown, S. N., Kestin, S. C., Rhind, S. M., Edwards, J. E., Anil, M. H. and Dolan, S. K. 1993. Long distance transport of lambs and the time needed for subsequent recovery. Veterinary Record 133: 286-293.
25. MacArthur, R. A., Johnston, R. H. and Geist, V. 1979. Factors influencing heart rate in free-ranging bighorn sheep: a physiological approach to the study of wildlife harassment. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57: 2010-2021.
26. Parrott, R. F., Hall, S. J. G., Lloyd, D. M., Goode, J. A. and Broom, D. M. 1998. Effects of a maximum permissible journey time (31 h) on physiological responses of fleeced and shorn sheep to transport, with observations on behaviour during a short (1 h) rest-stop. Animal Science 66: 197-207.
27. Parrott, R. F., Lloyd, D. M. and Goode, J. A. 1996. Stress hormone responses of sheep to food and water deprivation at high and low ambient temperatures. Animal Welfare 5: 45-56.
28. Parrott, R. F., Thornton, S. N., Forsling, M. L. and Delaney, C. E. 1987. Endocrine and behavioural factors affecting water balance in sheep subjected to isolation stress. Journal of Endocrinology 112: 305-310.
29. Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. 1981. Biometry, second edition. Freeman, San Francisco.
30. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1994. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6, fourth edition, volume 2. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
31. Szasz, G., Gruber, W. and Bernt, E. 1976. Creatine kinase in serum. 1. Determination of optimum reaction conditions. Clinical Chemistry 22: 650-656.
32. Warriss, P. D., Bevis, E. A. and Young, C. S. 1990. Transport and lairage times of lambs slaughtered commercially in the south of England. Veterinary Record 127: 5-8.
33. Woo, M. A., Stevenson, W. G., Moser, D. K., Trelease, R. B. and Harper, R. M. 1992. Patterns of beat-to-beat heart rate variability in advanced heart failure. American Heart Journal 123: 704-710.
34. Wronska-Fortuna, D., Sechman, A., Niezgoda, J. and Bobek, S. 1993. Modified responses of circulating cortisol, thyroid hormones, and glucose to exogenous corticotropin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in food-deprived sheep. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour 45:601-606.