The 'transformation' of the South African military

Journal of Modern African Studies

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 441-457

  Kynoch, Gary ^a  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039060316     PISSN: 0022278X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x00055543     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Herbert M. Howe, 'The South African Defence Force and Political Reform', in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 32, 1, March 1994, p. 33.
2. Greg Mills, 'Armed Forces in Post-Apartheid South Africa', in Survival (London), Autumn 1993, P. 80.
3. Mark Shaw, 'Biting the Bullet: negotiating democracy's defence', in Doreen Atkinson and Steven Friedman (eds.), The Small Miracle : South Africa's negotiated settlement (Johannesburg, 1994), P. 247.
4. Ronnie Kasrils, 'The South African Army - Futures and Forecasts', in African Security Review (Halfway House, RSA), 4, 1, 1995, p. 3.
5. Johan Pretorius, 'Integration. Rationalisation and Restructuring of the S. A. Army: challenges and prospects', in ibid. p. 25.
6. 'South Africa: military blend', in The Economist (London), 26 August 1995, pp. 48-9.
7. Africa Research Bulletin: political, social and cultural series (Oxford), November 1994, pp. 11627 and 11662. Hereinafter, ARB : psc. Thousands of former MK combatants went 'absent without leave' as a protest against shabby treatment and squalid conditions at the assembly camps. After listening to their complaints, President Mandela gave them seven days to go back to their barracks or face summary discharge. Approximately 2,000 refused to return until their grievances were addressed. Once the deadline had passed, they were dismissed from the SANDF.
8. 'South Africa Plans to Cut Force by 50 Per Cent', in Jane's Defence Weekly (London), 2 September 1995, p. 34. Hereinafter, JDW.
9. Draft White Paper on National Defence for the Republic of South Africa (Pretoria), 21 June 1995, P. 31.
10. Marius Oelschig, 'The Evolution and Management of Change in the South African National Defence Force', in The Republic of South Africa: prospects and problems (Toronto, 1995), p. 16.
11. JDW, 2 September 1995, p. 34.
12. The Economist, loc. cit.
13. Pretorius, loc. cit. p. 26.
14. Ibid.
15. Draft White Paper, 1995, p. 32.
16. Ibid.
17. The New York Times, 26 August 1994.
18. See, for example, The Weekly Mail and Guardian (Johannesburg), 22-28 September 1995.
19. Southern Africa Report (London), 5 August 1995, p. 12.
20. JDW, 15 July 1995, p. 18.
21. Pretorius, loc. cit. p. 19.
22. Kasrils, loc. cit. p. 4.
23. Pretorius, loc. cit. p. 19.
24. JDW, 27 March 1996, p. 16.
25. ARB: psc, July 1994, p. 11523.
26. JDW, 8 July 1995, p. 40.
27. Oelschig, loc. cit. p. 17.
28. The Economist, 8 July 1995, p. 60.
29. JDW, 15 July 1995, P. 18.
30. Ibid. 13 March 1996, p. 3.
31. Susan Willett, 'The Legacy of a Pariah State: South Africa's arms trade in the 1990s', in Review of African Political Economy (Sheffield), 22, 64, June 1995, p. 155.
32. Cape Times (Cape Town), 31 August 1995.
33. JDW, 29 May 1996, p. 32.
34. Quoted in Willett, loc. cit. p. 158.
35. New African, February 1995, p. 16.
36. Africa Research Bulletin: economic series (Oxford), May 1994, p. 11732.
37. Willen, loc. cit. p. 156.
38. New African, February 1995, p. 16.
39. Willett, loc. cit. p. 156.
40. The Economist, 29 July 1995, p. 32.
41. Draft White Paper, 1995, p. 38.
42. Pierre Steyn, 'Aligning the South African Defence Industry with Regional Integration and Security', in African Security Review, 4, 2, 1995, p. 18.
43. ARB: psc, June 1995, p. 11899. See also, Southscan (London), 14 April 1995, p. 118, and 23 June 1995, p. 187.
44. ARB: psc, June 1995, p. 11899. See also, Southscan (London), 14 April 1995, p. 118, and 23 June 1995, p. 187.
45. ARB: psc, June 1995, p. 11899. See also, Southscan (London), 14 April 1995, p. 118, and 23 June 1995, p. 187.
46. Draft White Paper, 1995, p. 1.
47. Ibid. pp. 4-5.
48. Roger Southall, 'The "New Security" in Southern Africa', in Southern Africa Report, 10, 5, 1995, P. 5.
49. Jakkie Cilliers, 'Guidelines for South African Arms Export Policy', in African Security Review, 4, 2, 1995, P. 45.
50. Paul George, 'The Impact of South Africa's Arms Sales Policy on Regional Military Expenditure, Development and Security', Stockholm, 23 November 1995, p. 241.
51. Willen, loc. cit. p. 164.
52. Ibid. p. 165.
53. Neta C. Crawford, 'South Africa's New Foreign and Military Policy: opportunities and constraints', in Africa Today (Denver), 42, 1-2, 1995, p. 104.
54. JDW, 15 July 1995, p. 18.
55. 'John Msimango: survivor', in Mayibuye (Johannesburg), August 1992, p. 12.
56. H. R. Heitman, 'We Need to be Properly Defended: interview with Joe Modise', in International Defence Review (Geneva), August 1994, p. 39.
57. Ibid. p. 40.
58. Pretorius, loc. cit. p. 19.
59. ARB: psc, October 1994, p. 11602.
60. Gift Sipho Siso, 'Battle of the Refugees', in New African, January 1995, p. 31.
61. Draft White Paper, 1995, pp. 25-6.
62. Bill Berkeley, 'The Warlords of Natal', in Atlantic Monthly (Boston), March 1994, p. 99.
63. South African Press Agency, 26 October 1995.
64. Douglas Hamilton, 'Security Phalanx Guards Mandela on Campaign Trail', in Reuters World Service, 24 June 1996.
65. Gayle Davis, 'Newest Hawk on the Block', in The Weekly Mail and Guardian, 7-12 April 1995.
66. Mills, loc. cit. p. 92. The author's pre-integration estimates of the number of different ethnic groups in the APLA, MK, TBVC, and SADF indicate that Zulus would comprise only a very small percentage of the SANDF.
67. Caleb Sello, 'How to Counter a Coup', in The Globe and Mail (Toronto), 30 September 1994.
68. ARB: psc, 1994, p. 11541.
69. Pretorius, loc. cit. p. 25.
70. Squabbles have already erupted over the choice of official languages, the commemoration of the apartheid army's military victories, and the possible formation of a union by the predominantly black lower ranks. Also, the trial of Magnus Malan, the former Minister of defence, and the continuing investigations of the Truth and Reconciliation Committee, threaten to exacerbate existing divisions in the SANDF.
71. Herbert M. Howe, 'National Reconciliation and a New South African Defence Force', in Stephen John Stedman (ed.), South Africa: the political economy of transformation (Boulder, CO, 1994), p. 131.
72. E. Koch, 'Pretoria Fiddles While KwaZulu-Natal Burns', in The Weekly Mail and Guardian, 22-28 September 1995.
73. Although the Taiwanese Government has pledged R141 million towards a vocational training centre for demobilised soliders, this will cover only a small fraction of the total cost of facilitating effective social integration. Ibid. 8 December 1995.
74. Howe, 'National Reconciliation and the New South African Defence Force', p. 128.
75. Stephen Ellis, 'Mbokodo : security in ANC camps, 1961-90', in African Affairs (London), 93, 371, April 1995, p. 297.