Participatory democracy in Japan's decentralization drive

Asian Survey

Volumn 38, Issue 10, 1998, Pages 950-966

  Takao, Yasuo ^a  

^a CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039003802     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2645645     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Sankei shinbun, January 8, 1996, carried a report on the survey of 1,905 chief executives (57.7% of all local chief executives) in Japan. The same survey found further inconsistencies at the two territorial levels of local government. Nearly 70% of the prefectural governors surveyed responded that the two-layer system should be maintained without a territorial reorganization, while more than 70% of municipal mayors called for various forms of reorganization.
2. See Amakawa Akira, "Henkaku no koso: Doshu seiron no bunmyaku" [Reformation ideas: The context of doshu debates], in Nihon no chiho seifu [Local government in Japan], eds. Omori Wataru and Sato Seizaburo (Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1986), pp. 118-31.
3. Ozawa Ichiro, Blueprint for a New Japan: The Rethinking of a Nation (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1994), pp. 76-82.
4. Asahi shinbun, December 21, 1996.
5. Secretariat, Committee for the Promotion of Decentralization, Hiyaringu ni okeru gyosei bunyabetsu kadai no shu na ronten I [Main points of debates in hearings concerning different administrative areas I], July 22 and 25, 1996.
6. Sankei shinbun, March 30, 1996.
7. Mainichi shinbun, April 22, 1996.
8. Ibid., March 9, 1982.
9. For the tainted blood products scandal, the jusen bailout, and the nuclear cover-up, see Inoguchi Takashi, "Japanese Bureaucracy: Coping with New Challenges," in Japanese Politics Today: Beyond Karaoke Democracy?, eds. Purnendra Jain and Inoguchi Takashi (South Melbourne: Macmillan, 1997), pp. 92-107.
10. House of Representatives, Minutes of the Committee on the Cabinet, April 13, 1982; and ibid., Minutes of the Committee on the Audit, April 23, 1982.
11. House of Representatives, Minutes of the Committee on the Cabinet, April 13, 1982; and ibid., Minutes of the Committee on the Audit, April 23, 1982.
12. Nishio Masaru et al., "Joho kokai o meguru shomondai" [Some problems of information disclosure], Chiho jichi [Local autonomy] 413 (April 1982), p. 37.
13. Aoyama Nizo, "Kawasaki-shi joho kokai jorei no shikkogo no mondaiten" [Post-enforcement problems of Kawasaki City's information disclosure ordinance], Chiho seiji [Local politics] 357 (December 1989), p. 16.
14. Cited in Sankei shinbun, December 17, 1995.
15. Sankei shinbun, January 8, 1996.
16. Ibid., December 17, 1995.
17. Interview with Kato Tomiko, ibid., January 21, 1996.
18. See, for example, ibid., January 28, 1996; Asahi shinbun, May 26, 1996; and Yomiuri shinbun, April 9, 1996.
19. See, for example, ibid., January 28, 1996; Asahi shinbun, May 26, 1996; and Yomiuri shinbun, April 9, 1996.
20. See, for example, ibid., January 28, 1996; Asahi shinbun, May 26, 1996; and Yomiuri shinbun, April 9, 1996.
21. The survey on the background of auditors conducted by the House's Third Special Inquiry Section went to all 47 prefectures. Figures from two prefectures are not available.
22. Mainichi shinbun, April 17, 1996, and Asahi shinbun, April 26, 1996.
23. Mainichi shinbun, April 17, 1996, and Asahi shinbun, April 26, 1996.
24. Sankei shinbun, February 18, 1996.
25. Government of Japan, Ministry of Home Affairs, Gyosei jitsurei [Administrative practical examples], January 26, 1949. This old directive is still seen as the authoritative interpretation by auditors. See Sankei shinbun, February 18, 1996.
26. Government of Japan, Ministry of Home Affairs, Gyosei jitsurei [Administrative practical examples], January 26, 1949. This old directive is still seen as the authoritative interpretation by auditors. See Sankei shinbun, February 18, 1996.
27. Cited in Third Special Inquiry Section. House of Councilors, ed., Onbuzuman seido kankei shiryoshu I [Materials on ombudsman systems I] (Tokyo: Third Special Inquiry Section, 1995), p. 157.
28. Cited in Third Special Inquiry Section, Onbuzuman seido kankei shiryoshu III, p. 6.
29. Sankei shinbun, February 25, 1996.
30. Chino Torao, "Onbuzuman seido ni tsuite no ikkosatsu" [Some considerations of ombudsman systems], Chiho jichi 411 (February 1982), pp. 2-8.
31. Kikuchi Hidefumi "Kawasaki-shi shimin onbuzuman seido no jissai" [The Kawasaki City ombudsman system in practice], Toyo hogaku [Toyo law review] 39:1 (September 1995), pp. 171-75.
32. Ibid., pp. 174-75.
33. Third Special Inquiry Section, Onbuzuman seido kankei shiryoshu I, p. 143-235.
34. House of Councilors, Minutes of Committee on the Budget, June 3, 1994.
35. Local System Investigation Council, Prime Minister's Office, Report on Measures Promoting the Consciousness of Residents for Local Autonomy (Tokyo: Local System Investigation Council, 1976).
36. Study Group for Long-Term Strategies on the Vitalization of Local Administration, Local Autonomy in the Twenty-First Century (Tokyo: Study Group for Long-Term Strategies on the Vitalization of Local Administration, 1987).
37. See "Jumin tohyo: Tokushu," [Local referenda: Special issue], Toshi mondai [Urban problems] 87:1 (January 1996); and cf. Kurt Steiner, Local Government in Japan (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1965), pp. 451-66.
38. See "Jumin tohyo: Tokushu," [Local referenda: Special issue], Toshi mondai [Urban problems] 87:1 (January 1996); and cf. Kurt Steiner, Local Government in Japan (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1965), pp. 451-66.
39. Cited in Yorimoto Katsumi, "Jichitai no ishiki keisei to jumin tohyo" [The formation of local entities' intention and referendum], Gekkan jichiken [Local autonomy studies monthly] 36:416 (May 1994), pp. 31-32.
40. Niigata nippo [Niigata daily news], July 29, 1996.
41. Ibid., August 5, 1996.
42. Ibid., August 8, 1996.
43. Ibid., November 22, 1996.
44. See Shiohira Yoshikazu, "Okinawa, kenmin tohyo, sonogo" [Okinawa, the prefectural referendum, and thereafter], Toshi mondai 88:2 (February 1997), pp. 67-78.
45. Yomiuri shinbun, June 21, 1996.
46. See, for example, Takeda Shin'ichiro, "Jumin tohyo o meguru hoteki mondai" [Legal problems surrounding the local referendum], Horitsu no hiroba [Legal forum] 46:6 (June 1993), p. 29.