Evidence for widespread ∼1760 Ma metamorphism and rapid crustal stabilization of the early proterozoic (1870-1820 Ma) Penokean Orogen, Minnesota

American Journal of Science

Volumn 298, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 60-81

  Holm, Daniel K ^a   Darrah, Kimberly S ^a   Lux, Daniel R ^b  

^a KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MAINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038929407     PISSN: 00029599     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2475/ajs.298.1.60     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Ague, J.J., and Brimhall, G. H., 1988, Magmatic are asymmetry and distribution of anomalous plutonic belts in the batholiths of California: Effects of assimilation, crustal thickness, and depth of crystallization: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 912-927.
2. Anderson, J. L., Cullers, R. L., and Van Schmus, W. R., 1980, Anorogenic metaluminous and peraluminous granite plutonism in the Mid-Proterozoic of Wisconsin, USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v. 74, p. 311-328.
3. Beakhouse, G. P., McNutt, R. H., and Krogh, T. E., 1988, Comparative Rb-Sr and U-Pb zircon geochronology of late-to post-tectonic plutons in the Winnipeg River Belt, northwestern Ontario Canada: Chemical Geology, v. 72, p. 337-351.
4. Chandler, V. W., and Morey, G. B., 1992, Paleomagnetism of the Early Proterozoic Sioux Quartzite, southwestern Minnesota-Implications for Correlating Quartzites of the Baraboo Interval, in Sims, P. K., and Carter, L. M. H., editors, Contributions to Precambrian Geology of Lake Superior Region: United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1904-N. p. N1-N14.
5. Dacre, G. S., Himmelberg, G. R., and Morey, G. B., 1984, Pre-Penokean igneous and metamorphic rocks, Benton and Stearns counties, central Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 31, 16 p.
6. Darrah, K. S., ms, 1996, An exhumation history of the internal zone of the Early Proterozoic (1870-1820 Ma) Penokean orogenic belt, central Minnesota: M.S. thesis, Kent State University, 101 p.
7. Dott, R. H., Jr., 1983, The Proterozoic red quartzite enigma in the north-central U.S.-resolved by plate collision?: Geological Society of America Memoir 160, p. 129-141.
8. Dott, R. H., Jr., Medaris, L. G., Jr., and Schott, R. C., 1997, Post-1760 Ma deposition of the Baraboo quartzite: Confirmation from detrital zircon ages and new field evidence: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, p. 13.
9. Ferry, J. M., and Spear, F. S., 1978, Experimental calibration of the partitioning of Fe and Mg between biotite and garnet: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 66, p. 113-117.
10. Geiger, C. A., and Guidotti, C. V., 1989, Precambrian metamorphism in the southern Lake Superior region and its bearing on crustal evolution: Geoscience Wisconsin, v. 13, p. 1-33.
11. Ghent, E. D., and Stout, M. Z., 1981, Geobarometry and geothermometry of plagioclase-biotite-garnet-muscovite assemblages: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 76, p. 92-97.
12. Goldich, S. S., and Fischer, L. B., 1986, Air abrasion experiments in U-Pb dating of zircon: Chemical Geology v. 58, p. 195-215.
13. Goldich, S. S., Hedge, C. E., and Stern, T. V., 1970, Age of the Morton and Montevidieo Gneisses and related rocks, Southwestern Minnesota: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 3671-3696.
14. Goldich, S. S., Nier, A. O., Baadsgaard, H., Hoffman, J. H., and Krueger, H. W., 1961, The Precambrian geology and geochronology of Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey Bulletin 41, 193 p.
15. Green, J. C., Bornhorst, T. J., Chandler, V. W., Mudrey, M. G., Myers, P. E., Pesonen, L. J., and Wilband, J. T., 1987, Keweenawan dykes of the Lake Superior region: Evidence for Evolution of the Middle Proterozoic midcontinent rift of North America, in Hall, H. C., and Fahrig, W. F., editors, Mafic dyke swarms: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 34, p. 289-302.
16. Greenberg, J. K., and Brown, B. A., 1983, Cratonic sedimentation during the Proterozoic: An anorogenic connection in Wisconsin and the upper midwest: Journal of Geology, v. 92, p. 159-171.
17. _ 1985, Deformational and metamorphic features associated with 1500 Ma anorogenic magmatism in Wisconsin, in The crust - the significance of granite and gneisses in the lithosphere: Athens. Theophrastus Publications, p. 79-93.
18. Hammarstrom, J. M., and Zen, E-an, 1986, Aluminum in hornblende: An empirical igneous geobarometer: American Mineralogist, v. 71, p. 1297-1313.
19. Hanson, G. N., 1968, K-Ar ages for hornblende from granites and gneisses and for basaltic intrusives in Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 8, 20 p.
20. Hanson, G. N., and Himmelberg, G. R., 1967, Ages of mafic dikes near Granite Falls, Minnesota: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 78, p. 1429-1432.
21. Hemming, S. R., McLennan, S. M., and Hanson, G. N., 1995, Geochemical and Nd/Pb isotopic evidence for the Provenance of the Early Proterozoic Virginia Formation, Minnesota. Implications for the tectonic setting of the Animikie Basin: Journal of Geology, v. 103, p. 147-168.
22. Hodges, K. V., and Crowley, P. D., 1985, Error estimations and empirical geothermobarometry for pelitic systems: American Mineralogist, v. 70, p. 702-709.
23. 5 triple point at Mt. Moosilauke, New Hampshire: American Mineralogist, v. 67, p. 1118-1134.
24. Hoffman, P. F., 1988, United Plates of America, the birth of a craton; Early Proterozoic assembly and growth of Laurentia: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 16, p. 543-603.
25. Hollister, L. S., Grissom, G. C., Peters, E. K., Stowell, H. H., and Sisson, V. B., 1987, Confirmation of the empirical correlation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons: American Mineralogist, v. 72, p. 231-239.
26. Holm, D. K., Holst, T. B., and Ellis, M. A., 1988, Oblique subduction, footwall deformation, and imbrication: a model for the Penokean orogeny, Minnesota: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1811-1818.
27. Holm, D. K., Holst, T. B., and Lux, D. R., 1993, Postcollisional cooling of the Penokean orogen in east-central Minnesota: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 30, p. 913-917.
28. Holm, D. K., and Lux, D. R., 1996, Core complex model proposed for gneiss dome development during collapse of the Paleoproterozoic Penokean orogen, Minnesota: Geology, v. 24, p. 343-346.
29. _ 1997, Results of Ar/Ar dating of dikes in central Minnesota and the Minnesota River Valley: Annual Meeting of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology, Sudbury, Ontario, v. 43, p. 23-24.
30. Holm, D. K., and Selverstone, J., 1990, Rapid growth and strain rates inferred from synkinematic garnets, Penokean orogeny, Minnesota: Geology, v. 18, p. 166-169.
31. Holst, T. B., 1984, Evidence for nappe development during the Early Proterozoic Penokean orogeny, Minnesota: Geology, v. 12, p. 135-138.
32. Horan, M. F., Hanson, G. N., and Spencer, K. J., 1987, Pb and Nd isotope and trace element constraints on the origin of basic rocks in an Early Proterozoic igneous complex, Minnesota: Precambrian Research, v 37, p. 323-342.
33. Johnson, M. C., and Rutherford, M. J., 1989, Experimental calibration of the aluminum in hornblende geobaromenter with application to Long Valley cauldera (California) volcanic rocks: Geology v 17, p. 837-841.
34. Keighin, C. W., Morey, G. B., and Goldich, S. S., 1972, East-central Minnesota, in Sims, P. K., and Morey, G. B., editors, Geology of Minnesota - A centennial volume: Minnesota Geological Survey, p. 240-255.
35. King, E. R., 1990, Precambrian terrane of north-central Wisconsin: an aeromagnetic perspective: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 1472-1477.
36. Labotka, T. C., Papike, J. J., and Morey, G. B., 1981, The effect of pressure on isochemical metamorphism of pelitic rocks from north central Minnesota: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, p. 493.
37. Lanzirotti, A., and Hanson, G. N., 1993, U-Pb dating of staurolite: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, p. A-35.
38. 39Ar ages for minerals from the amphibolite dynamothermal aureole, Mont Albert, Gaspe, Quebec: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, p. 21-26.
39. Mancuso, C., Holm, D. K., and Foland, K. A., 1997, Initial results of Ar/Ar mineral dating from northeastern Wisconsin: Annual Meeting of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology, Sudbury, Ontario, v. 43, p. 37-38.
40. 39Ar Method: New York, Oxford University Press, 212 pp.
41. Medaris, L. G., Jr., Johnson, C. M., Schott, R. C., Dott, R. H., and Van Wyck, N., 1996, The Baraboo Quartzite, Wisconsin: Proterozoic deposition and deformation in the Lake Superior region: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, p. A-376.
42. Morey, G. B., 1979, Field trip guidebook for the Precambrian geology of east-central Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey, Guidebook Series 12, 28 p.
43. _ , 1983, Lower Proterozoic stratified rocks and the Penokean orogeny in east-central Minnesota: Geological Society of America Memoir 160, p. 97-112.
44. Nelson, B. K., 1991, Proterozoic continental growth near the Archean craton: The isotopic record from anorogenic granites in Wisconsin: EOS (Transactions of American Geophysical Union), v. 72, p. 544.
45. Nelson, K. D., 1991, A unified view of craton evolution motivated by recent deep seismic reflection and refraction studies: Geophysical Journal International, v. 105, p. 25-35.
46. Peterman, Z. E., and Sims, P. K., 1988, The Goodman Swell: A lithospheric flexure caused by crustal loading along the midcontinent rift system: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 1077-1090.
47. Peterman, Z. E., Sims, P. K., Zartman, R. E., and Schulz, K. J., 1985, Middle Proterozoic uplift events in the Dunbar dome of northeastern Wisconsin, USA: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v 91, p. 138-150.
48. Rogers, J. J. W., Dabbagh, M. E., Olszewski, W. J., Gaudette, H. E., Greenberg, J. K., and Brown, B. A., 1984, Early poststabilization sedimentation and later growth of shields: Geology, v. 12, p. 607-609.
49. Romano, D., Holm, D. K., Foland, K. A., and Hubacher, F. A., 1997, Metamorphism and cooling of Precambrian rocks in northwest Wisconsin: Initial results of Ar/Ar dating: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, p. 69.
50. Schneider, D., Holm, D., and Lux, D., 1996, On the origin of Early Proterozoic gneiss domes and metamorphic nodes, northern Michigan: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, p. 1053-1063.
51. Schmidt, M. W., 1992, Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: an experimental calibration of the Al-in-hornblende barometer: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 110, p. 304-310.
52. Sims, P. K., Card, K. D., Morey, G. B., and Peterman, Z. E., 1980, The Great Lakes tectonic zone - A major crustal structure in central North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, part 1 v 91, p. 690-698.
53. Sims, P. K., and Day, W. C., 1993, The Great Lakes Tectonic Zone -Revisited, in Sims, P. K., and Carter, L. M. H., editors, Contributions to Precambrian Geology of Lake Superior Region: United States Geological Survey Bulletin 1904-S, p. S1-S11.
54. Sims, P. K., Van Schmus, W. R., Schulz, K. J., and Peterman, Z. E., 1989, Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean orogen: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 26, p. 2145-2158.
55. Simpson, C., 1985, Deformation of granitic rocks across the brittle-ductile transition: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 7, p. 503-511.
56. Southwick, D. L., and Chandler, V. W., 1996, Block and shear-zone architecture of the Minnesota River Valley subprovince: implications for late Archean accretionary tectonics: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, p. 831-847.
57. Southwick, D. L., and Morey, G. B., 1991, Tectonic imbrication and foredeep development in the Penokean orogen, east-central Minnesota - an interpretation based on regional geophysics and the results of test-drilling, in Sims, P. K., and Carter, L. M. H., editors, Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1904, p. C1-C17.
58. Southwick, D. L., Morey, G. B., and McSwiggen, P. L., 1988, Geologic map of the Penokean orogen, central and eastern Minnesota, and accompanying text: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 37, scale 1:250,000.
59. Spencer, K. J., ms, 1987, Isotopic, major and trace element constraints on the sources of granites in an 1800 Ma igneous complex near St. Cloud, Minnesota: Ph.D. thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 249 pp.
60. Spencer, K. J., and Hanson, G. N., 1984, Pb, Nd isotope and REE constraints on east-central Minnesota Proterozoic granites-Evidence for newly derived trustal components: EOS (Transactions of American Geophysical Union), v. 65, p. 292.
61. Van Schmus, W. R., 1976, Early and Middle Proterozoic history of the Great Lakes area, North America: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, v. 280, p. 605-628.
62. _ 1980, Chronology of igneous rocks associated with the Penokean orogeny in Wisconsin, in Morey, G. B., and Hanson, G. N., editors, Selected studies of Archean gneisses and lower Proterozoic rocks, southern Canadian Shield: Geological Society of America Special Paper 182, p. 159-168.
63. Van Schmus, W. R., Medaris, L. G., and Banks, P. O., 1975, Geology and age of the Wolf River Batholith, Wisconsin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 86, p. 907-014.
64. Van Schmus, W. R., Thurman, E. M., and Peterman, Z. E., 1975, Geology and Rb-Sr chronology of Middle Proterozoic rocks in eastern and central Wisconsin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 86, p. 1255-1265.
65. Van Wyck, N., ms, 1995, Major and Trace element, Common Pb, Sm Nd, and zircon geochronology constraints on petrogenesis and tectonic setting of pre- and Early Proterozoic rocks in Wisconsin: Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison, p. 47-280.