메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 582-602

FCC enforcement difficulties with unlicensed micro radio

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0038913226     PISSN: 08838151     EISSN: 15506878     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08838159909364511     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 85034509616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FCC 2d 240, 1978; FCC LEXIS 947 (FCC 78-384)
    • FCC 2d 240, 1978; FCC LEXIS 947 (FCC 78-384).
  • 2
    • 85034512059 scopus 로고
    • Ruling keeps pirate station on the air
    • March 8
    • Akizuki, D. (1995, March 8). Ruling keeps pirate station on the air. San Jose Mercury News, p. B5.
    • (1995) San Jose Mercury News
    • Akizuki, D.1
  • 4
    • 85034515905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FCC has hands full - and coffers empty - with new telecom law
    • February 3
    • Antonucci, M. (1996, February 3). FCC has hands full - and coffers empty - with new telecom law. San José Mercury News, pp. 1A, 17A.
    • (1996) San José Mercury News
    • Antonucci, M.1
  • 5
    • 85034494210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on-line
    • Australian Department of Communication and Arts. (1998). What is digital radio?, [on-line]. Available: http://www.dca.gov.au/nsapi-graphics/?Mlval=dca_dispdoc&ID=500
    • (1998) What Is Digital Radio?
  • 6
    • 33750141810 scopus 로고
    • The case of the Sarah: A testing ground for the regulation of radio piracy in the United States
    • Bender, H. A. (1988). The case of the Sarah: A testing ground for the regulation of radio piracy in the United States. Fordham International Law Journal, 12, 67-87.
    • (1988) Fordham International Law Journal , vol.12 , pp. 67-87
    • Bender, H.A.1
  • 8
    • 33750104380 scopus 로고
    • Radio free America: The U.S. governments reaction to pirate radio
    • Boyd, D. A. (1983). Radio free America: The U.S. governments reaction to pirate radio. Central States Speech Journal, 34, 203-209.
    • (1983) Central States Speech Journal , vol.34 , pp. 203-209
    • Boyd, D.A.1
  • 9
    • 85034517388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clandestine Broadcasting Service (CBS). (1998, August 7). Press Release
    • Clandestine Broadcasting Service (CBS). (1998, August 7). Press Release.
  • 10
    • 85034515587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Your masters voice
    • August. 5.08
    • Common Cause. (1997, August). Your masters voice. Wired 5.08, pp.45-48, 164-165.
    • (1997) Wired , pp. 45-48
  • 11
    • 33750121138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defiant pirates ply the radio airwaves: Communication: pretrial ruling prevents FCC crackdown
    • March 5
    • Curtius, M. (1998, March 5). Defiant pirates ply the radio airwaves: communication: pretrial ruling prevents FCC crackdown. Los Angeles Times, p. 1.
    • (1998) Los Angeles Times , pp. 1
    • Curtius, M.1
  • 13
    • 85034507160 scopus 로고
    • Disgruntled listeners attempt to take back radio air waves
    • June 11
    • Dinkelspiel, F. (1993, June 11). Disgruntled listeners attempt to take back radio air waves. The Phoenix Gazette, p. B13.
    • (1993) The Phoenix Gazette
    • Dinkelspiel, F.1
  • 14
    • 33750127766 scopus 로고
    • FCC on the defensive
    • January/February
    • Dunifer, S. (1994, January/February). FCC on the defensive. Reclaiming the Airwaves, 1.
    • (1994) Reclaiming the Airwaves , pp. 1
    • Dunifer, S.1
  • 16
    • 33750093656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to NAB Attack
    • October
    • Dunifer, S. (1997, October). Response to NAB Attack. News Release.
    • (1997) News Release
    • Dunifer, S.1
  • 17
    • 85034511396 scopus 로고
    • Anarchy on the airwaves
    • July 23
    • Ewell, M. (1995, July 23). Anarchy on the airwaves. San José Mercury News, pp. A1, A6.
    • (1995) San José Mercury News
    • Ewell, M.1
  • 18
    • 85034510542 scopus 로고
    • Pirate FM broadcast station shut down and operator fined
    • November 20
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1989, November 20). Pirate FM broadcast station shut down and operator fined. Public Notice, 665.
    • (1989) Public Notice , vol.665
  • 19
    • 33750112968 scopus 로고
    • Unlicensed West Virginia broadcast station shut down
    • February 9
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1990a, February 9). Unlicensed West Virginia broadcast station shut down. Public Notice, 1747.
    • (1990) Public Notice , vol.1747
  • 20
    • 85034494969 scopus 로고
    • Another unlicensed Virginia broadcast station shutdown
    • February 23
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1990b, February 23). Another unlicensed Virginia broadcast station shutdown. Public Notice, 1912.
    • (1990) Public Notice , vol.1912
  • 21
    • 85034520225 scopus 로고
    • Unlicensed California pirate broadcast station shut down
    • March 19
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1990c, March 19). Unlicensed California pirate broadcast station shut down. Public Notice, 2264.
    • (1990) Public Notice , vol.2264
  • 22
    • 85034509639 scopus 로고
    • Amateur radio operator fined $1000 for operating a pirate radio station
    • April 13
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1990d, April 13). Amateur radio operator fined $1000 for operating a pirate radio station. Public Notice, 2693.
    • (1990) Public Notice , vol.2693
  • 23
    • 85034503322 scopus 로고
    • Pirate radio station shut down in Moreno Valley, California
    • June 18
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1990e, June 18). Pirate radio station shut down in Moreno Valley, California. Public Notice, 3666.
    • (1990) Public Notice , vol.3666
  • 24
    • 85034514129 scopus 로고
    • Pirate radio station shut down in Venice, California
    • June 13. 13506
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1991a, June 13). Pirate radio station shut down in Venice, California. Public Notice, 13506.
    • (1991) Public Notice
  • 25
    • 85034492336 scopus 로고
    • Pirate radio station shut down in Simi Valley, California
    • June 28. 13735
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1991b, June 28). Pirate radio station shut down in Simi Valley, California. Public Notice, 13735.
    • (1991) Public Notice
  • 26
    • 85034505517 scopus 로고
    • Ohio amateur radio operator fined for operating pirate broadcast station
    • July 25. 14113
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1991c, July 25). Ohio amateur radio operator fined for operating pirate broadcast station. Public Notice, 14113.
    • (1991) Public Notice
  • 27
    • 85034513314 scopus 로고
    • Equipment seized from pirate radio network
    • September 27. 14957
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1991d, September 27). Equipment seized from pirate radio network. Public Notice, 14957.
    • (1991) Public Notice
  • 28
    • 33750129110 scopus 로고
    • General Information Bulletin. USA
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1992a). How to apply for a broadcast station. General Information Bulletin. USA.
    • (1992) How to Apply for a Broadcast Station
  • 29
    • 85034498835 scopus 로고
    • Field operations bureau list of field offices
    • April 28
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1992b, April 28). Field operations bureau list of field offices. Internal document.
    • (1992) Internal Document
  • 30
    • 85034511231 scopus 로고
    • Brooklyn, New York pirate radio station shut down, equipment seized by United States government
    • May 4. 22953
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1992c, May 4). Brooklyn, New York pirate radio station shut down, equipment seized by United States government. Public Notice, 22953.
    • (1992) Public Notice
  • 31
    • 85034495890 scopus 로고
    • Pirate radio broadcasters fined in Pennsylvania
    • June 8. 23448
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1992d, June 8). Pirate radio broadcasters fined in Pennsylvania. Public Notice 23448.
    • (1992) Public Notice
  • 32
    • 85034491146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1993a). 47 CFR 1993 edition
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1993a). 47 CFR 1993 edition.
  • 33
    • 85034508254 scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1993b). Annual report for fiscal year 1993. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1993) Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1993
  • 34
    • 85034508099 scopus 로고
    • FCC issues $17,500 forfeiture to pirate broadcaster
    • March 11. 42145
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1994, March 11). FCC issues $17,500 forfeiture to pirate broadcaster. Public Notice, 42145.
    • (1994) Public Notice
  • 35
    • 33750122459 scopus 로고
    • Printout of NAL and NOF under review
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1995a) Printout of NAL and NOF under review. FOB/NAL Data Base.
    • (1995) FOB/NAL Data Base
  • 36
    • 33750141032 scopus 로고
    • Memorandum opinion and order
    • August 2
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1995b, August 2). Memorandum opinion and order. FCC 95-333.
    • (1995) FCC 95-333
  • 37
    • 12944332643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • Federal Communications Commission, (1996). Annual report for fiscal year 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    • (1996) Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1996
  • 40
    • 33750093930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statement of nab president and CEO Edward O. Fritts on recent actions resulting in shutdown of pirate radio stations in New Jersey and Florida
    • September, 5
    • Fritts, E. O. (1997, September, 5). Statement of nab president and CEO Edward O. Fritts on recent actions resulting in shutdown of pirate radio stations in New Jersey and Florida. News Release S23/97.
    • (1997) News Release S23/97
    • Fritts, E.O.1
  • 42
    • 85034512125 scopus 로고
    • Zoom to defy the FCC at FCC
    • April 20
    • Graham, J. R. (1990, April 20). Zoom to defy the FCC at FCC. The Rampage, pp. 1, 8.
    • (1990) The Rampage , pp. 1
    • Graham, J.R.1
  • 44
    • 33750105709 scopus 로고
    • A not so Jolly Roger: The silencing of "Radio Sarah:" Radio New York International
    • April
    • Kuipers, D. (1989, April). A not so Jolly Roger: The silencing of "Radio Sarah:" Radio New York International. The Nation, 559.
    • (1989) The Nation , pp. 559
    • Kuipers, D.1
  • 45
    • 33750136916 scopus 로고
    • No gangplank for "pirates."
    • September 7
    • Ladd, C. (1987, September 7). No gangplank for "pirates." The Legal Times, p. 3.
    • (1987) The Legal Times , pp. 3
    • Ladd, C.1
  • 46
    • 4243646343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-watt radio station making plenty of waves: Calif. activist gains ears despite FCC threats
    • March 2
    • Lelyveld, N. (1998, March 2). Low-watt radio station making plenty of waves: Calif. activist gains ears despite FCC threats. Philadelphia Inquirer, p.1.
    • (1998) Philadelphia Inquirer , pp. 1
    • Lelyveld, N.1
  • 47
    • 33750102394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diary of an underground broadcaster - 5 broadcasts on five nights
    • September
    • Liddy, M. (1998, September). Diary of an underground broadcaster - 5 broadcasts on five nights. San Francisco Frontlines, p.1, 5-6.
    • (1998) San Francisco Frontlines , pp. 1
    • Liddy, M.1
  • 49
    • 85034518118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Merideth Corporation v. FCC, 809 F. 2d 863 and 867 F. 2d 654 (1989)
    • Merideth Corporation v. FCC, 809 F. 2d 863 and 867 F. 2d 654 (1989).
  • 50
    • 85034511567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metro Broadcasting Inc. v. FCC, 97 U.S. 547 (1990)
    • Metro Broadcasting Inc. v. FCC, 97 U.S. 547 (1990).
  • 51
    • 85034518495 scopus 로고
    • Rebel radio: Stephen Dunifer vs. the FCC
    • August 13
    • Milner, G. (1993, August 13). Rebel radio: Stephen Dunifer vs. the FCC. Express, pp. 1, 12-17.
    • (1993) Express , pp. 1
    • Milner, G.1
  • 52
    • 85034499962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Broadcasting Co. v. United States, 319 U.S. 190, 227 (1943)
    • National Broadcasting Co. v. United States, 319 U.S. 190, 227 (1943).
  • 53
    • 85034499986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Lawyers Guild (1995, September 22). Forum on micro radio. Berkeley, CA
    • National Lawyers Guild (1995, September 22). Forum on micro radio. Berkeley, CA.
  • 54
    • 85034495579 scopus 로고
    • Mbanna Kantako, micro radio practitioners, the communities of the U.S. vs. the Federal Communications Commission (USA). San Francisco, CA. (unpublished legal brief)
    • National Lawyers Guild: Committee on Democratic Communication. (1992). Brief on the constitutional and human right to broadcast without government interference. Mbanna Kantako, micro radio practitioners, the communities of the U.S. vs. the Federal Communications Commission (USA). San Francisco, CA. (unpublished legal brief).
    • (1992) Brief on the Constitutional and Human Right to Broadcast Without Government Interference
  • 55
    • 84963458382 scopus 로고
    • Unlicensed broadcasting in the U.S.: The official policy of the FCC
    • Phipps, S. P. (1990). Unlicensed broadcasting in the U.S.: The official policy of the FCC. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 34 (2), 137-152.
    • (1990) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-152
    • Phipps, S.P.1
  • 56
    • 33750125988 scopus 로고
    • Unlicensed broadcasting and the Federal Radio Commission: The 1930 George W. Fellows challenge
    • Phipps, S. P. (1991). Unlicensed broadcasting and the Federal Radio Commission: The 1930 George W. Fellows challenge. Journalism Quarterly, 68, 823-828.
    • (1991) Journalism Quarterly , vol.68 , pp. 823-828
    • Phipps, S.P.1
  • 57
    • 85034520504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367, 390 (1969)
    • Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC, 395 U.S. 367, 390 (1969).
  • 58
    • 85034492735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FCC takes a harder look at 'micro' radio
    • August 20
    • Richtel, M. (1998, August 20). FCC takes a harder look at 'micro' radio. New York Times, p. D-7.
    • (1998) New York Times
    • Richtel, M.1
  • 59
    • 33750135824 scopus 로고
    • Anarchy on the airwaves: A brief history of the micro radio movement in the USA
    • July
    • Sakolsky, R. (1992, July). Anarchy on the airwaves: A brief history of the micro radio movement in the USA. Social Anarchism, 17, 5-12.
    • (1992) Social Anarchism , vol.17 , pp. 5-12
    • Sakolsky, R.1
  • 60
    • 3042575165 scopus 로고
    • Black liberation radio: A case study of the micro-radio movement
    • March. Paper presented Louisville, KY
    • Shields, S. O., & Ogles, Robert M. (1992, March). Black liberation radio: A case study of the micro-radio movement. Paper presented at 22nd annual meeting of the Popular Culture Association, Louisville, KY.
    • (1992) 22nd Annual Meeting of the Popular Culture Association
    • Shields, S.O.1    Ogles, R.M.2
  • 61
    • 85034499726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radio operator guilty
    • February 26
    • Solovo, D. (1998, February 26). Radio operator guilty, Tampa Tribune.
    • (1998) Tampa Tribune
    • Solovo, D.1
  • 62
    • 0041973247 scopus 로고
    • The constitutionality of licensing broadcasters
    • Spitzer, M. L. (1989). The constitutionality of licensing broadcasters. New York University Law Review, 64, 990-1071.
    • (1989) New York University Law Review , vol.64 , pp. 990-1071
    • Spitzer, M.L.1
  • 63
    • 85034514327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syracuse Peace Council v. FCC, 110 S. Ct. 717 (1990)
    • Syracuse Peace Council v. FCC, 110 S. Ct. 717 (1990).
  • 64
    • 85034512852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC, 114 S. Ct. 2445, 2456-57 (1994)
    • Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. FCC, 114 S. Ct. 2445, 2456-57 (1994).
  • 65
    • 85034514984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States v. Stephen Paul Dunifer, No. C 94-03542 CW, slip op. (United States District Court for the Northern District of California, January 30, 1995)
    • United States v. Stephen Paul Dunifer, No. C 94-03542 CW, slip op. (United States District Court for the Northern District of California, January 30, 1995).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.