The Richtmyer memorial lecture: Bose-Einstein condensation in an ultracold gas

American Journal of Physics

Volumn 64, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 847-855

  Wieman, Carl E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038879204     PISSN: 00029505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1119/1.18111     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, M. R. Matthews, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, "Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapor," Science 269, 198-201 (1995).
2. K. MacAdam, A. Steinbach, and C. Wieman, "A narrow-band tunable diode laser system with grating feedback, and a saturated absorption spectrometer for Cs and Rb," Am. J. Phys. 60, 1098-1111 (1992).
3. C. Wieman, G. Flowers, and S. Gilbert, "Inexpensive laser cooling and trapping experiment for undergraduate laboratories," Am. J. Phys. 63, 317-330 (1995).
4. This list includes C. Monroe, N. Newbury, C. Myatt, C. Sackett, J. Cooper, M. Holland, R. Ghrist, W. Petrich, D. Jin, E. Burt, G. Flowers, M. Anderson, J. Ensher, and M. Matthews. The BEC data presented here were primarily the work of the last three.
5. A. Einstein, Sitzungsber, K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 261, (1924); 3 (1925).
6. A. Einstein, Sitzungsber, K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. 261, (1924); 3 (1925).
7. 2O," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1222-1229 (1993). For an extensive discussion of BEC in many different systems, see Bose-Einstein Condensation, edited by A. Griffin, D. Snoke, and S. Stringari (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, 1995).
8. 2O," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1222-1229 (1993). For an extensive discussion of BEC in many different systems, see Bose-Einstein Condensation, edited by A. Griffin, D. Snoke, and S. Stringari (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, 1995).
9. See the following volumes for numerous articles and references on the subjects of laser cooling and trapping. N. R. Newbury and C. E. Wieman, "Resource Letter TNA-1: Trapping of neutral atoms," Am. J. Phys. 64, 18-20 (1996) (this article also provides extensive references on magnetic trapping); C. Wieman and S. Chu, (Eds.), Special Issue on Laser Trapping and Cooling, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6 (11) (1989); Proceedings, Enrico Fermi International Summer School on Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions, Varenna, Italy, edited by E. Arimondo, W. Phillips, and F. Strumia (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992).
10. See the following volumes for numerous articles and references on the subjects of laser cooling and trapping. N. R. Newbury and C. E. Wieman, "Resource Letter TNA-1: Trapping of neutral atoms," Am. J. Phys. 64, 18-20 (1996) (this article also provides extensive references on magnetic trapping); C. Wieman and S. Chu, (Eds.), Special Issue on Laser Trapping and Cooling, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6 (11) (1989); Proceedings, Enrico Fermi International Summer School on Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions, Varenna, Italy, edited by E. Arimondo, W. Phillips, and F. Strumia (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992).
11. See the following volumes for numerous articles and references on the subjects of laser cooling and trapping. N. R. Newbury and C. E. Wieman, "Resource Letter TNA-1: Trapping of neutral atoms," Am. J. Phys. 64, 18-20 (1996) (this article also provides extensive references on magnetic trapping); C. Wieman and S. Chu, (Eds.), Special Issue on Laser Trapping and Cooling, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6 (11) (1989); Proceedings, Enrico Fermi International Summer School on Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Ions, Varenna, Italy, edited by E. Arimondo, W. Phillips, and F. Strumia (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1992).
12. For review of the hydrogen work, see T. Greytak, in Bose-Einstein Condensation, edited by A. Griffin, D. Snoke, and S. Stringari (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, 1995), p. 131.
13. E. Raab, M. Prentiss, A. Cable, S. Chu, and D. E. Pritchard, "Trapping of neutral sodium atoms with radiation pressure," Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2631-2634 (1987).
14. C. Monroe, W. Swarm, H. Robinson, and C. Wieman, "Very cold trapped atoms in a vapor cell," Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1571-1574 (1990).
15. M. H. Anderson, W. Petrich, J. R. Ensher, and E. A. Cornell, "Reduction of light-assisted collisional loss rate from a low-pressure vapor cell trap," Phys. Rev. A 50, R3597-3600 (1994); "High densities of cold atoms in a dark spontaneous-force optical trap," W. Ketterle, K. B. Davis, M. A. Joffe, A. Martin, and D. E. Pritchard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2253 (1993).
16. M. H. Anderson, W. Petrich, J. R. Ensher, and E. A. Cornell, "Reduction of light-assisted collisional loss rate from a low-pressure vapor cell trap," Phys. Rev. A 50, R3597-3600 (1994); "High densities of cold atoms in a dark spontaneous-force optical trap," W. Ketterle, K. B. Davis, M. A. Joffe, A. Martin, and D. E. Pritchard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2253 (1993).
17. D. Sesko, T. Walker, C. Monroe, A. Gallagher, and C. Wieman, "Collisional losses from a light force atom trap," Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 961-964 (1989); T. Walker, D. Sesko, and C. Wieman, "Collective behavior of optically trapped neutral atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 408-411 (1990); D. Sesko, T. Walker, and C. Wieman, "Behavior of neutral atoms in a spontaneous force trap," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 946-958 (1991).
18. D. Sesko, T. Walker, C. Monroe, A. Gallagher, and C. Wieman, "Collisional losses from a light force atom trap," Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 961-964 (1989); T. Walker, D. Sesko, and C. Wieman, "Collective behavior of optically trapped neutral atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 408-411 (1990); D. Sesko, T. Walker, and C. Wieman, "Behavior of neutral atoms in a spontaneous force trap," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 946-958 (1991).
19. D. Sesko, T. Walker, C. Monroe, A. Gallagher, and C. Wieman, "Collisional losses from a light force atom trap," Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 961-964 (1989); T. Walker, D. Sesko, and C. Wieman, "Collective behavior of optically trapped neutral atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 408-411 (1990); D. Sesko, T. Walker, and C. Wieman, "Behavior of neutral atoms in a spontaneous force trap," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 946-958 (1991).
20. N. Petrich, M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, and E. A. Cornell, "Behavior of atoms in a compressed magneto-optical trap," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11, 1332-1335 (1994).
21. W. Petrich, M. H. Anderson, J. R. Ensher, and E. A. Cornell, "Stable tightly confining magnetic trap for evaporative cooling of neutral atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3352-3355 (1995).
22. D. E. Pritchard, K. Helmerson, and A. G. Martin, "Atom traps," in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Atomic Physics, edited by S. Haroche, J. C. Gay, and G. Grynberg (World Scientific, Singapore, 1989), pp. 179-197.
23. M. Holland and J. Cooper, "Expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a harmonic potential," Phys. Rev. A 53, R1954-1957 (1996).
24. K. B. Davis, M. O. Mewes, N. J. vanDruten, D. S. Durfee, D. M. Dvrn, and W. Ketterle, "Bose Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms," Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3969 (1995).