Southern hemisphere mollusc diseases and an overview of associated risk assessment problems

OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 563-577

  Hine, P M ^a,b  

^a Ministry for Primary Industries   (New Zealand)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Bonamia; Diagnosis; Haplosporidium; Life cycles; Marteilia; Mikrocytos; Perkinsus; Treatment

Indexed keywords

BONAMIA SP.; HALIOTIS; HALIOTIS CORRUGATA; HAPLOSPORIDIUM; HAPLOSPORIDIUM NELSONI; MARTEILIA; MARTEILIA REFRINGENS; MARTEILIA SYDNEYI; MARTEILIOIDES; MIKROCYTOS; MIKROCYTOS ROUGHLEYI; MOLLUSCA; OSTREA ANGASI; OSTREIDAE; PERKINSUS; PERKINSUS OLSENI; SACCOSTREA COMMERCIALIS; TIOSTREA; TIOSTREA CHILENSIS;

ANIMAL; AUSTRALIA; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; IRIDOVIRUS; MOLLUSC; NEW ZEALAND; OYSTER; PARASITOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTOZOON; REVIEW; VIROLOGY;

ANIMALS; AUSTRALIA; HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS; IRIDOVIRIDAE; MOLLUSCA; NEW ZEALAND; OSTREIDAE; PROTOZOA;

EID: 0038877628     PISSN: 02531933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.20506/rst.15.2.940     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. ANDERSON T.J. & LESTER R.G.J. (1992). - Sporulation of Marteilioides branchialis n. sp. (Paramyxea) in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis: an electron microscope study. J. Protozool., 39, 502-508.
2. BACHERE E. & GRIZEL H. (1985). - Réceptivité de trois populations naturelles d'huîtres plates Ostrea edulis L. au protozoaire Bonamia ostreae (Pichot et al., 1980). Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches marit., 47, 237-240.
3. BALOUET G. (1979). - Marteilia refringens: considerations of the life cycle and development of Abers disease in Ostrea edulis. Mar. Fish. Rev., 41, 64-66.
4. BARBER B.J., KANALEY S.A. & FORD S.E. (1991). - Evidence for regular sporulation by Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) (Ascetospora; Haplosporidiidae) in spat of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J. Protozool., 38, 305-306.
5. BARBER B.J. & MANN R. (1994). - Growth and mortality of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), and Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) under challenge from the parasite, Perkinsus marinus. J. Shellfish Res., 13, 109-114.
6. BECKER C.D. & PAULEY G.B. (1968). - An ovarian parasite (Protista incertae sedis) from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 12, 425-437.
7. BOUGRIER S., TIGE G., BACHERE E. & GRIZEL H. (1986). - Ostrea angasi acclimatization to French coasts. Aquaculture, 58, 151-154.
8. BOULO V., MIALHE E., ROGIER H., PAOLUCCI F. & GRIZEL H. (1989). - Immunodiagnosis of Bonamia ostreae (Ascetospora) infection of Ostrea edulis L. and subcellular identification of epitopes by monoclonal antibodies. J. Fish Dis., 12, 257-262.
9. BOWER S.M. (1988). - Circumvention of mortalities caused by Denman Island oyster disease during mariculture of Pacific oysters. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 18, 246-248.
10. BOWER S.M., MCGLADDERY S.E. & PRICE I.M. (1994). - Synopsis of infectious diseases and parasites of commercially exploited shellfish. Ann. Rev. Fish Dis., 4, 1-199.
11. BROCK V. (1993). - Effects of mercury on physiological condition and content of the biomarker ALA in the oyster Ostrea edulis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 96, 169-175.
12. BUROKER N.B., HERSHBERGER W.K. & CHEW K.K. (1979). - Population genetics of the family Ostreidae. II. Interspecific studies of the genera Crassostrea and Saccostrea. Mar. Biol., 54, 171-184.
13. BURRESON E.M. (1994). - Further evidence of regular sporulation by Haplosporidium nelsoni in small oysters, Crassostrea virginica. J. Parasitol., 80, 1036-1038.
14. BURRESON E.M., ROBINSON M.E. & VILLALBA A. (1988). - A comparison of paraffin histology and hemolymph analysis for the diagnosis of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) in Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). J. Shellfish Res., 7, 19-23.
15. BUSHEK D., FORD S.E. & ALLEN S.K. (1994). - Evaluation of methods using Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium for diagnosis of Perkinsus marinus infection in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Ann. Rev. Fish Dis., 4, 201-217.
16. CACERES-MARTINEZ J., ROBLEDO J.A.F. & FIGUERAS A. (1995). - Presence of Bonamia and its relation to age, growth rates and gonadal development of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, in the Ria de Vigo, Galicia (NW Spain). Aquaculture, 130, 15-23.
17. CALVO G.W. & BURRESON E.M. (1994). - In vitro and in vivo effects of eight chemotherapeutants on the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus (Mackin, Owen, and Collier). J. Shellfish Res., 13, 101-107.
18. CHU F.-L.E. & GREENE K.H. (1989). - Effect of temperature and salinity on in vitro culture of the oyster pathogen, Perkinsus marinus (Apicomplexa: Perkinsea). J. Invertebr. Pathol., 53, 260-268.
19. CHU F.-L.E., LA PEYRE J.F. & BURRESON C.S. (1993). - Perkinsus marinus infection and potential defense-related activities in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica: salinity effects. J. Shellfish Res., 62, 226-232.
20. COCHENNEC N., HERVIO D., PANATIER B., BOULO V., MIALHE E., ROGIER H., GRIZEL H. & PAOLUCCI F. (1992). - A direct monoclonal antibody sandwich immunoassay for detection of Bonamia ostreae (Ascetospora) in hemolymph samples of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Dis. aquat. Org., 12, 129-134.
21. COMPS M. (1988). - Epizootic diseases of oysters associated with viral infections. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 18, 23-37.
22. COMPS M., PARK M.S. & DESPORTES I. (1986). - Etude ultrastructurale de Marteilioides chungmuensis n.g. n.sp. parasite des ovocytes de l'huître Crassostrea gigas Th. Protistologica, 22, 279-285.
23. COMPS M. & PICHOT Y. (1991). - Fine spore structure of a haplosporidan parasitizing Crassostrea gigas: taxonomic implications. Dis. aquat. Org., 11, 73-77.
24. DESPORTES I. & NASHED N.N. (1983). - Ultrastructure of sporulation in Minchinia dentali (Arvy), an haplosporean parasite of Dentalium entale (Scaphopoda, Mollusca); taxonomic implications. Protistologica, 19, 435-460.
25. DUNGAN C.F. & ROBERSON B.S. (1993). - Binding specificities of mono-and polyclonal antibodies to the protozoan oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus. Dis. aquat. Org., 15, 9-22.
26. FARLEY C.A., WOLF P.H. & ELSTON R.A. (1988). - A long-term study of 'microcell' disease in oysters with a description of a new genus, Mikrocytos (g.n.) and two new species, Mikrocytos mackini (sp.n.) and Mikrocytos roughleyi (sp.n.). Fish. Bull., 86, 581-593.
27. FARLEY C.A., PLUTSCHAK D.L. & KRANTZ G. (1991). - Crassostrea gigas disease exposure to Haplosporidium nelsoni and Perkinsus marinus in Chesapeake Bay waters. J. Shellfish Res., 10, 306-307.
28. FIGUERAS A.J., KANALEY S.A., FORD S.E. & BURRESON E.M. (1988). - Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of molluscan parasites. J. Shellfish Res., 7, 118-119.
29. FIGUERAS A.J. & MONTES J. (1988). - Aber disease of edible oysters caused by Marteilia refringens. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 18, 38-46.
30. FONG D., RODRIGUEZ R., KOO K., SUN J., SOGIN M.L., BUSHEK D., LITTLEWOOD D.T.J. & FORD S.E. (1993). - Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence of the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus. Mol. mar. Biol. Biotechnol., 2, 346-350.
31. FORD S.E. (1985). - Effects of salinity on survival of the MSX parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (Haskin, Stauber, and Mackin) in oysters. J. Shellfish Res., 5, 85-90.
32. FORD S.E. (1992). - Avoiding the transmission of disease in commercial culture of molluscs, with special reference to Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). J. Shellfish Res., 11, 539-546.
33. FORD S.E. & HASKIN H.H. (1987). - Infection and mortality patterns in strains of oysters Crassostrea virginica selected for resistance to the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). J. Parasit., 73, 368-376.
34. FORD S.E. & KANALEY S.A. (1988). - An evaluation of hemolymph diagnosis for detection of the oyster parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). J. Shellfish Res., 7, 11-18.
35. FRANC A. (1980). - Sur quelques aspects inédits du cycle de Marteilia refringens (Grizel et col. 1974), parasite de l'huître plate Ostrea edulis L. Cah. Biol. mar., 21, 99-106.
36. FRIEDMAN C.S., CLONEY D.F., MANZER D. & HEDRICK R.P. (1991). - Haplosporidiosis of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 58, 367-372.
37. GOGGIN C.L. (1994). - Variation in the two internal transcribed spacers and 5.8S ribosomal RNA from five isolates of marine parasite Perkinsus (Protista, Apicomplexa). Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 65, 179-182.
38. GOGGIN C.L. & LESTER R.J.G. (1987). - Occurrence of Perkinsus species (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in bivalves from the Great Barrier reef. Dis. aquat. Org., 3, 113-117.
39. GOGGIN C.L., SEWELL K.B. & LESTER R.J.G. (1989). - Cross-infection experiments with Australian Perkinsus species. Dis. aquat. Org., 7, 55-59.
40. GOGGIN C.L., SEWELL K.B. & LESTER R.J.G. (1990). - Tolerances of Perkinsus spp. (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) to temperature, chlorine and salinity. J. Shellfish Res., 9, 145-148.
41. GOGGIN C.L., BOULO V., MIALHE E., COUSIN K. & HERVIO D. (1991). - Diagnosis of Perkinsus atlanticus with monoclonal antibodies and DNA probes. In Aquaculture and the environment (N. De Pauw & J.J. Comps, eds). Spec. Publ. Eur. Aquacult. Soc., 14, 123.
42. GRIZEL H., COMPS M., RAGUENES D., LE BORGNE Y., TIGE G. & MARTIN A.G. (1983). - Bilan des essais d'acclimatation d'Ostrea chilensis sur les côtes de Bretagne. Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches marit., 46, 209-225.
43. GRIZEL H., MIALHE E., CHAGOT D., BOULO V. & BACHERE E. (1988). - Bonamiasis: a model study of diseases in marine molluscs. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 18, 1-4.
44. HASKIN H.H. & ANDREWS J.D. (1988). - Uncertainties and speculations about the life cycle of the eastern oyster pathogen Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 18, 5-22.
45. HASKIN H.H. & FORD S.E. (1989). - Low salinity control of Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). J. Shellfish Res., 8, 468-469.
46. HERVIO D., BOWER S.M. & MEYER G.R. (1993). - Detection, isolation, and host specificity of Mikrocytos mackini, the cause of Denman Island disease in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. J. Shellfish Res., 12, 136.
47. HERVIO D., BOWER S.M. & MEYER G.R. (1996). - Detection, isolation, and experimental transmission of Mikrocytos mackini, a microcell parasite of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). J. Invertebr. Pathol., 67, 72-79.
48. HINE P.M. (1991). - The annual pattern of infection by Bonamia sp. in New Zealand flat oysters, Tiostrea chilensis. Aquaculture, 93, 241-251.
49. HINE P.M. (1991). - Ultrastructural observations on the annual infection pattern of Bonamia sp. in flat oysters Tiostrea chilensis. Dis. aquat. Org., 11, 163-171.
50. HINE P.M. & WESNEY B. (1995). - The functional cytology of Bonamia sp. (Haplosporidia) infecting oysters (Tiostrea chilensis): an ultracytochemical study. Dis. aquat. Org., 20, 207-217.
51. HINE P.M. & WESNEY B. (1995). - Interaction of phagocytosed Bonamia sp. (Haplosporidia) with haemocytes of oysters (Tiostrea chilensis). Dis. aquat. Org., 20, 219-229.
52. HOWARD A.E. (1994). - The possibility of long distance transmission of Bonamia by fouling on boat hulls. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol., 14, 211-212.
53. JUAN CARVAJAL G. (1988). - Patología de moluscos y repoblación. Invest. Pesq. (Chile), 35, 123-128.
54. KATKANSKY S.C. & WARNER R.W. (1970). - Sporulation of a haplosporidan in a Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Humboldt Bay, California. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 27, 1320-1321.
55. KERN F.G. (1976). - Sporulation of Minchinia sp. (Haplosporida, Haplosporidiidae) in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from the Republic of Korea. J. Protozool., 23, 498-500.
56. KERN F.G. (1993). - Shellfish health inspections of Chilean and Australian oysters. J. Shellfish Res., 12, 366.
57. KRANTZ G.E. (1994). - Chemical inhibition of Perkinsus marinus in two in vitro culture systems. J. Shellfish Res., 13, 131-136.
58. LITTLEWOOD D.T.J., FORD S.E. & FONG D. (1991). - Development of a nucleic acid probe for Haplosporidium nelsoni. J. Shellfish Res., 10, 297-298.
59. MATTHIESSEN G.C., FENG S.Y. & LEIBOVITZ L. (1990). - Patterns of MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) infection and subsequent mortality in resistant and susceptible strains of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), in New England. J. Shellfish Res., 9, 359-365.
60. MIALHE E., BOULO V., ELSTON R., HILL B., HINE M., MONTES J., VAN BANNING P. & GRIZEL H. (1988). - Serological analysis of Bonamia in Ostrea edulis and Tiostrea lutaria using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Aquat. living Resour., 1, 67-69.
61. MONTES J. (1991). - Lag time for the infestation of flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) by Bonamia ostreae in estuaries of Galicia (N.W. Spain). Aquaculture, 93, 235-239.
62. MONTES J., ANADON R. & AZEVEDO C. (1994). - A possible life cycle for Bonamia ostreae on the basis of electron microscopy studies. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 63, 1-6.
63. MOYER M.A., BLAKE N.J. & ARNOLD W.S. (1993). - An ascetosporan disease causing mass mortality in the Atlantic calico scallop Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758). J. Shellfish Res., 12, 305-310.
64. NELL J.A. (1993). - Farming the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea commercialis) in Australia. Rev. Fish. Sci., 1, 97-120.
65. O'DONOGHUE P.J., PHILLIPS P.H. & SHEPHERD S.A. (1991). - Perkinsus (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) infections in abalone from South Australian waters. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust., 115, 77-82.
66. PASCUAL M., MARTIN A.G., ZAMPATTI E., COATANEA D., DEFOSSEZ J. & ROBERT R. (1991). - Testing of the Argentina oyster, Ostrea puelchana in several French oyster farming sites. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Council Meeting Paper No. CM 1991/K:30. ICES, Copenhagen, Denmark, 17 pp.
67. RAGONE L.M. & BURRESON E.M. (1993). - Effect of salinity on infection progression and pathogenicity of Perkinsus marinus in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin). J. Shellfish Res., 12, 1-7.
68. ROBERSON B.S., LI T. & DUNGAN C.F. (1993). - Flow cytometric enumeration and isolation of immunofluorescent Perkinsus marinus cells from estuarine waters. J. Shellfish Res., 12, 138.
69. ROBERSON B.S., LI T. & DUNGAN C.F. (1993). - Flow cytometric analysis of histozoic Perkinsus marinus cells. J. Shellfish Res., 12, 156.
70. ROGIER H., HERVIO D., BOULO V., CLAVIES C., HERVAUD E., BACHERE E., MIALHE E., GRIZEL H., PAU B. & PAOLUCCI F. (1991). - Monoclonal antibodies against Bonamia ostreae (Protozoa: Ascetospora), an intrahaemocytic parasite of flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Dis. aquat. Org., 11, 135-142.
71. ROUBAL F.R., MASEL J. & LESTER R.J.G. (1989). - Studies on Marteilia sydneyi, agent of QX disease in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis, with implications for its life cycle. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 40, 155-167.
72. STOKES N.A. & BURRESON E.M. (1993). - Comparison of 16S-like rDNA of Crassostrea virginica and Haplosporidium nelsoni. J. Shellfish Res., 12, 156-157.
73. TIGE G., GRIZEL H., RABOUIN M.-A., COCHENNEC N., AUDIC G. & LANGLANDE A. (1982). - Maladie hémocytaire de l'huître plate causée par Bonamia ostreae : évolution de la situation épizootiologique en Bretagne au cours de l'année 1981. Science et Pêche, 328, 3-13.
74. TIGE G. & GRIZEL H. (1984). - Essai de contamination d'Ostrea edulis Linné par Bonamia ostreae (Pichot et al., 1979) en Rivière de Crach (Morbihan). Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches marit., 46, 307-314.
75. WHITE M.E., POWELL E.N., RAY S.M. & WILSON E.A. (1987). - Host-to-host transmission of Perkinsus marinus in oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations by the ectoparasitic snail Boonea impressa. J. Shellfish Res., 6, 1-5.
76. WOLF P.H. (1977). - An unidentified protistan parasite in the ova of the blacklipped oyster, Crassostrea echinata, from northern Australia. J. Invertebr. Pathol., 29, 244-246.
77. WOLF P.H. (1979). - Life cycle and ecology of Marteilia sydneyi in the Australian oyster, Crassostrea commercialis. Mar. Fish. Rev., 41, 70-72.