The international imagination: Themes and arguments in international studies

Review of International Studies

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 493-506

  Manzo, Kate ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0038832775     PISSN: 02602105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0260210599004933     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. In an essay entitled 'The Status of Comparative History', Fredrickson describes the main sub-areas of comparative history in the United States as the comparative study of colonization and frontier expansion; comparative work on slavery and race relations; and women's history. See Fredrickson, op. cit., ch. 1.
2. In an essay entitled 'The Status of Comparative History', Fredrickson describes the main sub-areas of comparative history in the United States as the comparative study of colonization and frontier expansion; comparative work on slavery and race relations; and women's history. See Fredrickson, op. cit., ch. 1.
3. Doty, op. cit., p. 165.
4. Escobar, op. cit., p. 16.
5. See for example Y. Lapid and F. Kratochwil (eds.), The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory (Boulder. CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 1996); and Peter Katzenstein (ed.) The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
6. See for example Y. Lapid and F. Kratochwil (eds.), The Return of Culture and Identity in IR Theory (Boulder. CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 1996); and Peter Katzenstein (ed.) The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).
7. Fredrickson, op. cit., p. 12.
8. Doty, op. cit., p. 3.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 2.
12. For example, David Theo Goldberg includes classification as one of 'the preconceptual elements of racialized discourse'. See Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning (Oxford UK and Cambridge MA: Blackwell, 1993), pp. 48-49. For contrasting approaches to race and colonialism see Anne McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest (New York and London: Routledge, 1995); and Paul Rich, Race and Empire in British Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
13. For example, David Theo Goldberg includes classification as one of 'the preconceptual elements of racialized discourse'. See Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning (Oxford UK and Cambridge MA: Blackwell, 1993), pp. 48-49. For contrasting approaches to race and colonialism see Anne McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest (New York and London: Routledge, 1995); and Paul Rich, Race and Empire in British Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
14. For example, David Theo Goldberg includes classification as one of 'the preconceptual elements of racialized discourse'. See Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning (Oxford UK and Cambridge MA: Blackwell, 1993), pp. 48-49. For contrasting approaches to race and colonialism see Anne McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest (New York and London: Routledge, 1995); and Paul Rich, Race and Empire in British Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
15. Doty, op. cit., p. 12.
16. Ibid., p. 13.
17. Ibid., p. 64.
18. J. M. Coetzee, White Writing: On the Culture of Letters in South Africa (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1988), p. 18.
19. Doty, op. cit., p. 60.
20. Christopher L. Miller, Blank Darkness: Africanist Discourse in French (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985).
21. The book is Syed Hussein Alatas, The Myth of the Lazy Native (London: Frank Cass, 1977).
22. See for example Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling Between the Wars (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980); and Tim Youngs, Travellers in Africa: British Travelogues 1850-1900 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994).
23. See for example Paul Fussell, Abroad: British Literary Traveling Between the Wars (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980); and Tim Youngs, Travellers in Africa: British Travelogues 1850-1900 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994).
24. J. M. Coetzee's best-known novels are Waiting for the Barbarians (New York: Penguin, 1980); and Life and Times of Michael K (New York: Penguin, 1982).
25. J. M. Coetzee's best-known novels are Waiting for the Barbarians (New York: Penguin, 1980); and Life and Times of Michael K (New York: Penguin, 1982).
26. Doty, op. cit., p. 18.
27. Ibid., p. 134.
28. Ibid., p. 146.
29. Ibid., p. 155.
30. Escobar, op. cit., p. 17.
31. Ibid., p. 4.
32. Ibid., p. 40.
33. Ibid., p. 7.
34. Ibid., p. 9.
35. Ibid., p. 30.
36. Ibid., p. 21.
37. The term Third World is generally attributed to French demographer Albert Sauvy, from a 1952 article entitled Trois Mondes, Une Planète. See for example Peter Worsley, The Three Worlds: Culture and Development (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984), p. 307.
38. The term Third World is generally attributed to French demographer Albert Sauvy, from a 1952 article entitled Trois Mondes, Une Planète. See for example Peter Worsley, The Three Worlds: Culture and Development (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984), p. 307.
39. Michael Cowen and Robert Shenton, 'The Invention of Development', in Jonathan Crush (ed.), Power of Development (London: Routledge, 1995), p. 29.
40. Aidan Foster-Carter, 'Neo-Marxist Approaches to Development and Underdevelopment', Journal of Contemporary Asia, 3 (1973), pp. 7-33.
41. See Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan: Or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil (New York: Collier, 1962), p. 101; and John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), pp. 338-9.
42. See Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan: Or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil (New York: Collier, 1962), p. 101; and John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), pp. 338-9.
43. Escobar, op. cit., p. 40.
44. Ibid., p. 67.
45. Ibid., pp. 58-59.
46. Ibid., p. 113.
47. Ibid., p. vii.
48. Doty, op. cit., back cover.
49. See Gabriel Palma, 'Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?' World Development, 6 (1978), pp. 881-924.
50. Doty, op. cit., pp. 2-4.
51. Escobar, op. cit., pp.5-6.
52. Doty, op. cit., p. 7.
53. Doty states that she 'undertakes a critical genealogy of North-South relations'. Ibid., p. 3 (emphasis in the original). Escobar's reference to 'illustrious genealogy' has been cited already (see fn. 27).
54. James Ferguson, The Anti-Politics Machine: 'Development', Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 1994. First published by Cambridge University Press in 1990).
55. Wolfgang Sachs, The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power (London: Zed Books, 1992).
56. Escobar, op. cit., p. 16.
57. Doty, op. cit., p. 163.
58. It is a quote from Gramsci's prison notebooks that introduces Doty's conclusion. See ibid., p. 163.
59. On Black Consciousness philosophy and its influences see Steve Biko, I Write What I Like (London: Heinemann, 1978); and Barney Pityana et. al., Bounds of Possibility: The Legacy of Steve Biko and Black Consciousness (London: Zed Books, 1991). See also Kate Manzo, 'Black Consciousness and the Quest for a Counter-Modernist Development', in Jonathan Crush (ed.), Power of Development (London: Routledge, 1995), pp. 228-52.
60. On Black Consciousness philosophy and its influences see Steve Biko, I Write What I Like (London: Heinemann, 1978); and Barney Pityana et. al., Bounds of Possibility: The Legacy of Steve Biko and Black Consciousness (London: Zed Books, 1991). See also Kate Manzo, 'Black Consciousness and the Quest for a Counter-Modernist Development', in Jonathan Crush (ed.), Power of Development (London: Routledge, 1995), pp. 228-52.
61. On Black Consciousness philosophy and its influences see Steve Biko, I Write What I Like (London: Heinemann, 1978); and Barney Pityana et. al., Bounds of Possibility: The Legacy of Steve Biko and Black Consciousness (London: Zed Books, 1991). See also Kate Manzo, 'Black Consciousness and the Quest for a Counter-Modernist Development', in Jonathan Crush (ed.), Power of Development (London: Routledge, 1995), pp. 228-52.
62. Doty, op. cit., p. 7.
63. Jane L. Parpart, 'Post-modernism, Gender and Development', in Jonathan Crush (ed.), Power of Development (London: Routledge, 1995), p. 260.
64. The Development Committee of the World Bank and IMF, Development Issues: Presentations to the 46th Annual Meeting (Washington DC: The World Bank, 1993), p. 17.
65. Escobar, op. cit., p. 184.
66. Ibid., p. 186.
67. Doty, op. cit., p. 42.
68. I say 'at times' because as Doty argues, representations change (especially in times of crisis) and a nation personified as female in one epoch can be reincarnated as male in another. This is demonstrated in case studies of nationalism in South Africa, Britain and Australia by Kathryn A. Manzo, Creating Boundaries: The Politics of Race and Nation (Boulder, CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 1996). For a theory of the nation concentrating on the role of women see Nira Yuval-Davis, Gender and Nation (London: Sage, 1997).
69. I say 'at times' because as Doty argues, representations change (especially in times of crisis) and a nation personified as female in one epoch can be reincarnated as male in another. This is demonstrated in case studies of nationalism in South Africa, Britain and Australia by Kathryn A. Manzo, Creating Boundaries: The Politics of Race and Nation (Boulder, CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 1996). For a theory of the nation concentrating on the role of women see Nira Yuval-Davis, Gender and Nation (London: Sage, 1997).
70. Doty, op. cit., p. 79.
71. Two of Smith's three racial groups were defined by facial hair and thus gendered as male. The three categories were: Caucasian or bearded; Mongolic or beardless; and woolly-haired or Negro. See Michael Banton, Racial Theories (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p. 53.
72. The Illustrated Sydney News, quoted in Humphrey McQueen, A New Britannia: An Argument Concerning the Social Origins of Australian Radicalism and Nationalism (London: Penguin, 1976), pp. 32-3.
73. The Illustrated Sydney News, quoted in Humphrey McQueen, A New Britannia: An Argument Concerning the Social Origins of Australian Radicalism and Nationalism (London: Penguin, 1976), pp. 32-3.
74. Quoted in Philip Chubb, 'Mail-Order Brides from Manila', Time (Australia), 30 November 1987, p. 17.
75. Doty, op. cit., p. 39.
76. Edward Said, 'Intellectuals in the Postcolonial World', Salmagundi, 70/71 (1986), pp. 44-81.
77. Doty, op. cit., p. 18.
78. Phillip Darby and A. J. Paolini, 'Bridging International Relations and Postcolonialism,' Alternatives, 19 (Summer 1994), p. 374.
79. Ibid., p. 375.
80. Escobar, op. cit., p. 5.
81. See for example Homi K. Bhabha's search for 'the possibility of a cultural hybridity that entertains difference without an assumed or imposed hierarchy'. In The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 1994), p. 4.
82. Paul Gilroy, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), p. xi.
83. Escobar, op. cit., pp. 217-22.
84. Doty, op. cit., pp. 129-34.
85. Escobar, op. cit., pp.21-23; p. 44.
86. Ibid., pp. 23 and 39.
87. Doty, op. cit., p. 130.
88. Escobar, op. cit., p. 45.
89. Doty, op. cit., pp. 166-171.
90. Ibid., p. 171.
91. Escobar, op. cit., p. 223.
92. Fredrickson, op. cit., p. 19.