Using Color to Code Quantity in Spatial Displays

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 393-412

  Spence, Ian ^a   Kutlesa, Natasha ^b   Rose, David L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038832574     PISSN: 1076898X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/1076-898X.5.4.393     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Alfano, B., Brunetti, A., Ciarmiello, A., & Salvatore, M. (1992). Simultaneous display of multiple MR parameter with "quantitative magnetic color imaging." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 16, 634-640.
2. Antes, J. R., & Chang, K. T. (1990). An empirical analysis of the design principles for qualitative and quantitative information displays. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 17, 271-277.
3. Benbasat, I., Dexter, A. S., & Todd, P. (1986). The influence of color and graphical information presentation in a managerial decision simulation. Human-Computer Interaction, 2, 65-92.
4. Berlin, B., & Kay, P. (1969). Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.
5. Bertin, J. (1983). Semiology of graphics: Diagrams, networks, and maps (W. J. Berg, Trans.). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. (Original work published 1973)
6. Boynton, R. M. (1989). Eleven colors that are almost never confused. In B. Rogowitz (Ed.), Proceedings human vision, visual processing, and digital display (Vol. 1077, pp. 322-332). Bellingham, WA: International Society for Optical Engineering.
7. Brewer, C. A. (1994). Color use guidelines for mapping and visualization. In A. M. MacEachren & D. R. F. Taylor (Eds.), Visualization in modern cartography. Tarrytown, NY: Elsevier.
8. Brewer, C. A. (1996). Guidelines for selecting colors for diverging schemes on maps. The Cartographic Journal, 33, 79-86.
9. Brewer, C. A. (1997). Spectral schemes: Controversial color use on maps. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 24, 203-220.
10. Brown, H. K., Hazelton, T. R., Fiorcia, J. V., Parsons, A. K., Clarke, L. P., & Silbiger, M. L. (1992). Composite and classified color display in MR imaging of the female pelvis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 10, 143-154.
11. Carswell, C. M., Kinslow, H. S., Pickle, L. W., & Herrmann, D. (1995). Using color to represent magnitude in statistical maps: The case for double-ended scales. In L. W. Pickle & D. J. Herrmann (Eds.), Cognitive aspects of statistical mapping. (NCHS Working Paper Series No. 18, pp. 201-228). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
12. Christ, R. E. (1983). The effects of extended practice on the evaluation of visual display codes. Human Factors, 25, 71-84.
13. Cleveland, W. S. (1985). The elements of graphing data. Summit, NJ: Hobart Press.
14. Cuff, D. J. (1972). Value versus chroma in color schemes on quantitative maps. The Canadian Cartographer, 9(2), 134-140.
15. Cuff, D. J. (1973). Colour on temperature maps. The Cartographic Journal, 10, 17-21.
16. Cuff, D. J. (1974). Impending conflict in color guidelines for maps of statistical surfaces. The Canadian Cartographer, 11(1), 54-58.
17. Egeth, H., & Pachella, R. (1969). Multidimensional stimulus classification. Perception and Psychophysics, 5, 341-346.
18. Fairchild, M. D. (1998). Color appearance models. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
19. Funkhouser, H. G. (1937). Historical development of the graphical representation of statistical data. Osiris, 3, 269-404.
20. Gremillion, L. L., & Jenkins, A. M. (1981). The effects of color enhanced information presentations. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Systems (pp. 121-134). Cambridge, MA.
21. Hastie, R., Hammerle, O., Kerwin, J., Croner, C., & Herrmann, D. J. (1995). Data display format compatibility and human performance reading statistical maps. In L. W. Pickle & D. J. Herrmann (Eds.), Cognitive aspects of statistical mapping (NCHS Working Paper Series No. 18, pp. 149-176). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
22. Herrmann, D., & Pickle L. W. (1994). A cognitive subtask model of statistical map reading. National Center for Health Statistics Working Paper Series, 11, 1-64.
23. Hoadley, E. D. (1990). Investigating the effects of color. Communications of the ACM, 33(2), 120-125.
24. Indow, T. (1988). Multidimensional studies of the Munsell color solid. Psychological Review, 95, 456-470.
25. Lamberski, R. J., & Dwyer, F. M. (1983). The instructional effect of coding (color and black and white) on information acquisition and retrieval. Education Communication and Technology Journal, 31, 9-21.
26. Levkowitz, H., & Herman, G. T. (1992). Color scales for image data. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 12, 72-80.
27. Lewandowsky, S., & Behrens, J. T. (1995). Accuracy of cluster detection in mortality maps. In L. W. Pickle & D. J. Herrmann (Eds.), Cognitive aspects of statistical mapping (NCHS Working Paper Series No. 18, pp. 89-106). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
28. Lewandowsky, S., Herrmann, D. J., Behrens, J. T., Li, S., Pickle, L. W., & Jobe, J. B. (1993). Perception of clusters in statistical maps. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 7, 533-551.
29. Lewandowsky, S., & Spence, I. (1989). Discriminating strata in scatterplots. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84, 682-688.
30. McCarty, H. H., & Salisbury, N. E. (1961). Visual comparison of isopleth maps as a means of determining correlations between spatially distributed phenomena. Iowa Studies in Geography, 3.
31. Mersey, J. E. (1980). An analysis of two-variable choropleth maps. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
32. Mersey, J. E. (1990). Colour and thematic map design: The role of colour scheme and map complexity in choropleth map communication [Monograph]. Cartographica, 27, 1-182.
33. Merwin, D. H., & Wickens, C. D. (1993). Comparison of eight color and gray scales for displaying continuous 2D data. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, 1330-1334.
34. Miller, J. (1974). Comparisons of conventional "sub-dued" to vivid "highly contrasting" color schemes for elementary school maps: Report of an experiment. Journal of Geography, 73, 41-45.
35. Ministère des Travaux Publiques. (1884). Album de statistique graphique de 1883 [Album of statistical graphics for 1883]. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
36. Monmonier, M. S. (1993). Mapping it out: Expository cartography for the humanities and social sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
37. Munsell, A. H. (1976). Munsell book of color. New York: Macbeth.
38. Petchenik, B. B. (1983). A mapmaker's perspective on map design research 1950-1980. In D. R. F. Taylor (Ed.), Graphic communication and design in contemporary cartography (pp. 37-67). London: Wiley.
39. Pickle, L. W., & Herrmann, D. J. (1995). The process of reading statistical maps: The effect of color. In L. W. Pickle & D. J. Herrmann (Eds.), Cognitive aspects of statistical mapping (NCHS Working Paper Series No. 18, pp. 183-190) Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
40. Playfair, W. (1786). The commercial and political atlas. London: Wallis.
41. Pseudo-isochromatic plates for testing color perception. (1986). Boca Raton, FL: Richmond International.
42. Robertson, P. K. (1988). Perceptual color spaces. Visualizing color gamuts: A user interface for the effective use of perceptual color spaces in data displays. IEEE Computer Graphics & Application, 8, 50-64.
43. Robinson, A. (1952). The look of maps. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
44. Robinson, A. H. (1967). Psychological aspects of color in cartography. International Yearbook of Cartography, 7, 50-61.
45. Sturges, J., & Whitfield, T. W. A. (1995). Locating basic colors in the Munsell space. Color Research and Application, 20, 364-376.
46. Travis, D. (1991). Effective color displays: Theory and practice. London: Academic Press.
47. Vogel, D., Dickson, G. W., & Lehman, J. (1986). Persuasion and the role of visual presentation support: The UM/3M study (MISRC Working Paper Series, 86-11). University of Minnesota, Management Information Systems Research Center.
48. Ware, C. (1988). Color sequences for univariate maps: Theory, experiments, and principles. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 8, 41-49.
49. Wolfram, S. (1991). Mathematica: A system for doing mathematics by computer (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
50. Wyszecki, G., & Stiles, W. S. (1982) Color science: Concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulae (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.