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2
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0004042456
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World Scientific, River Edge, NJ
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V. V. Kresin, K. D. Bonin, Electric-Dipole Polarizabilities of Atoms, Molecules and Clusters (World Scientific, River Edge, NJ, 1997).
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(1997)
Electric-Dipole Polarizabilities of Atoms, Molecules and Clusters
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Kresin, V.V.1
Bonin, K.D.2
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3
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0038403452
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Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
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J. M. Ziman, Principles of Solids (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1972).
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(1972)
Principles of Solids
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Ziman, J.M.1
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4
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0038065168
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E. F. Weller, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam)
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B. Matthias, in Ferroelectricity, E. F. Weller, Ed. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1967), pp. 176-182.
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(1967)
Ferroelectricity
, pp. 176-182
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Matthias, B.1
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5
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0038741585
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note
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Whenever a symmetry is spontaneously broken, according to the Goldstone theorem there will then be a gapless excitation that tends to restore the symmetry. Well-known examples are phonons for the crystalline state and spin waves for the ferromagnetic state [see, for example (6)].
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9
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0001642384
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W. D. Knight, K. Clemenger, W. A. de Heer, W. A. Saunders, Phys. Rev. B 31, 2539 (1985).
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(1985)
Phys. Rev. B
, vol.31
, pp. 2539
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Knight, W.D.1
Clemenger, K.2
De Heer, W.A.3
Saunders, W.A.4
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10
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0037536988
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R. Schafer, S. Schlecht, J. Woenckhaus, J. A. Becker, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 471 (1996).
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(1996)
Phys. Rev. Lett.
, vol.76
, pp. 471
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Schafer, R.1
Schlecht, S.2
Woenckhaus, J.3
Becker, J.A.4
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13
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0003400233
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Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford
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G. Scoles, Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1988); W. A. de Heer, P. Milani, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 670 (1991).
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(1988)
Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods
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Scoles, G.1
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14
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0000061754
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G. Scoles, Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1988); W. A. de Heer, P. Milani, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 670 (1991).
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(1991)
Rev. Sci. Instrum.
, vol.62
, pp. 670
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De Heer, W.A.1
Milani, P.2
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15
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0038741584
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See supporting material on Science Online
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See supporting material on Science Online.
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19
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0038065165
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note
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The classical fixed dipole on a symmetric top model by P. Dugourd et al. (19) predicts a symmetric broadening of the beam at low fields and asymmetric broadening at high fields. The model fails both quatitativety and quantitatively to describe the observed deflections, which show essentially undeflected peaks superimposed on relatively flat, extended, single-sided tails as shown in Fig. 1. The quantum mechanical model suggested here emphasizes the importance of very weak interactions between quantum mechanical levels (leading to a dense system of small avoided crossings) for which these deflection measurements are extremely sensitive: Gaps as small as 1 HHz already produce observable effects. These are in principle absent in the classical model. Also note that the observed depletions are not due to spontaneous ionization effects in the deflection fields. This possibility (as well as others) was experimentally ruled out by applying uniform electric fields of similar magnitude to the beam, which did not cause depletion.
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21
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0037727478
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note
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This simplified rotational spectrum is intended to demonstrate the principle that the general features are preserved when a symmetric rotor spectrum (involving J and K quantum numbers) is used (17).
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22
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0037727479
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note
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2], where G is the tunneling splitting between the aligned and antialigned states.
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23
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0038741582
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note
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The avoided crossing model also explains anomalous magnetic deflections of paramagnetic alkali clusters (23, 24).
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24
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0038403451
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Erice, G. Benedek, T. P. Martin, G. Pacchioni, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin)
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W. A. de Heer, W. D. Knight, in Proceedings of the 13th International School, in Erice, G. Benedek, T. P. Martin, G. Pacchioni, Eds. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988), pp. 45-63.
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(1988)
Proceedings of the 13th International School
, pp. 45-63
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De Heer, W.A.1
Knight, W.D.2
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25
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0038741583
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thesis, University of California, Berkeley
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W. A. de Heer, thesis, University of California, Berkeley (1985).
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(1985)
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De Heer, W.A.1
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26
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0038065167
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note
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N data, because the noise levels were too high to warrant a two-parameter fit.
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27
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0038741581
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note
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These properties already occur in trimers (but not in dimers), making them accessible for first-principles calculations.
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28
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36549104006
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R. L. Whetten, M. R. Zakin, D. M. Cox, D. J. Trevor, A. Kaldor J. Chem. Phys. 85, 1697 (1986).
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(1986)
J. Chem. Phys.
, vol.85
, pp. 1697
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Whetten, R.L.1
Zakin, M.R.2
Cox, D.M.3
Trevor, D.J.4
Kaldor, A.5
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29
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0001270413
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A. Berces, P. A. Hackett, L. Lan, S. A. Mitchell, D. M. Rayner, J. Chem. Phys. 108, 5476 (1998).
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(1998)
J. Chem. Phys.
, vol.108
, pp. 5476
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Berces, A.1
Hackett, P.A.2
Lan, L.3
Mitchell, S.A.4
Rayner, D.M.5
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33
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0038065163
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note
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The Lorentz polarization catastrophe results from self-polarization of a system of mutually interacting polarizable objects (polarizability α, density n) for which the susceptibilty is χ = nα/(1 - 4πnα/3). In small systems, the effect also occurs and is geometry-dependent (P. B. Allen, in preparation).
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35
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0038065166
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note
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Our low-temperature measurements on Co, Mn, Bi, and AlCo do not exhibit any evidence for permanent dipoles (W. de Heer et al., in preparation); alkali cluster measurements at high temperatures also have not presented evidence for permanent dipoles.
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36
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0038065164
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note
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2, which is a triplet (W. de Heer, in preparation)], indicating a nondegenerate energy level structure (1), with spacings greater than kT.
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37
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0038403453
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note
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The authors gratefully acknowledge P. Poncharal and P. Keghelian for the development of the apparatus and R. W. Whetten and U. Landman for stimulating discussions. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense (grant no. DAAG55-970133).
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