The international civil service: Historical development and potential for the 21st century

Public Personnel Management

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 99-124

  Udom, Udoh Elijah ^a  

^a WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0038795178     PISSN: 00910260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009102600303200106     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Before the League of Nations (1919), there existed a number of International organizations, notably, the International Telegraph Union founded in 1865; the International Office of Weights and Measures founded in 1875, and the Universal Postal Union created in 1876. A miniature international civil service emerged when the post of Director of International Office of Weights and Measures was created in 1875 at the Paris Convention, and a secretary-general, a deputy secretary-general and six secretaries were appointed to the Peace Conference at The Hague in 1899. However, it was not until the birth of the League of Nations that the framework for the modern ICS was initiated.
2. The League of Nations was established to promote International co-operation and to achieve international peace and security by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war but to settle disputes by peaceful negotiations.
3. League Official Journal, June 1920, p. 137 - cited in ACC/1998/PER/R.4 of 25 February 1998, p.3. See also Article 100.1 of the U.N. Charter.
4. The Committees and Commissions established included: The Noblemaire Committee (1921); the Committee of Thirteen (1929); Malcolm Ramsay Committee (1932) during the time of the League of Nations. In its inception In 1945, the United Nations continued the tradition of working through the Committees in determining remuneration for U.N. staff. Such Committees since 1945 include: The Preparatory Commission (1945); The Flemming Committee (1949) and International Civil Service Commission. The latter remains the principal organ used by the United Nations reviewing the conditions of service of U.N. staff.
5. The concept of "highest paid civil services" is now commonly referred to as the Noblemaire Principle. Attractive salary scales were first discussed in the Noblemaire Committee made up of representatives from France, Italy, Spain, Nicaragua and United Kingdom.
6. See "An annotated History of the Compensation Philosophy of the League of Nations and the United Nations," Doc. ACC/1993/PER/R/11/Add.l of 26 May 1993, p.4. See also ICSC/R.12 of 25 June 1975, p.7.
7. ACC/1998/PER/R.4 of 25 February 1998, p.3
8. United Nations Charter, Chapter XV, Article 101(3)
9. I b i d
10. nd Edition, Geneva 1999, p.93
11. As at 31 December 1999 (the period for which figures are available) U.N. has on its payroll 49,302 employees (Scientists, Doctors, Engineers, Administrators, Social Scientists, Clerks, Secretaries, etc.) from 185 countries.
12. De Cooker, Chris. International Administration. Law and Management Practices in International Organizations U.N.ITAR, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990, p.I.1/12
13. Article IV(12) of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1946)
14. ACC/1998/PER/R.4 of 25 February 1998, p.5
15. Terry Slater. "U.N. Personnel Policies Support World Body's Unique Organizational Values." in Public Personnel Management. Vol. 21, No.3 (Fall 1992) pp 393 -394
16. ACC/2001/HLCM/4 of 24 April 2001, pp 21/26
17. De Cooker, Chris (ed.) International Administration: Law and Management Practices in International Organizations. U.N.ITAR, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1990, p I.1/12. See also ACC/1997/PER/R.2 of 22 January 1997, p.4
18. Finger, Seymour Maxwell & John Mungo. The Politics of Staffing the U.N. Secretarial. Cited in ACC/1998/PER/R.4 of 25 February 1998, p.5
19. De Cooker, Chris. International Administration. Op cit. p.I.1/8 & p I.1/17
20. ACC/1998/PER/R.4 of 25 February 1998, p.4
21. International Labour Organization Administrative Tribunal (ILOAT) Judgement 1733, delivered on 29 January 1998.
22. De Cooker, Chris (ed.) op. Cit., p. I.1/10 -1/12
23. Major contributors to the U.N. budget are: USA (20%), Japan (19%), Germany (10%), France (6%), United Kingdom (5%), Italy (5%), Canada (2%)
24. De Cooker, Chris (ed.) op. cit. p.I.1/17
25. De Cooker, Chris (ed.) op. Cit., p. II.4/2 - 5
26. Secretariat News. April-May 1998, p.5. See also Secretariat News. May-June 2000, p.6; FICSA Quarterly, October, 1999, p.2; The Washington Times of 2 March 1998; See also U.N. Special, June 1998, p.26
27. Secretariat News. April-May 1998, p.5. See also Secretariat News. May-June 2000, p.6; FICSA Quarterly, October, 1999, p.2; The Washington Times of 2 March 1998; See also U.N. Special, June 1998, p.26
28. Secretariat News. April-May 1998, p.5. See also Secretariat News. May-June 2000, p.6; FICSA Quarterly, October, 1999, p.2; The Washington Times of 2 March 1998; See also U.N. Special, June 1998, p.26
29. Secretariat News. April-May 1998, p.5. See also Secretariat News. May-June 2000, p.6; FICSA Quarterly, October, 1999, p.2; The Washington Times of 2 March 1998; See also U.N. Special, June 1998, p.26
30. Secretariat News. April-May 1998, p.5. See also Secretariat News. May-June 2000, p.6; FICSA Quarterly, October, 1999, p.2; The Washington Times of 2 March 1998; See also U.N. Special, June 1998, p.26
31. Secretariat News. June-July 1998, p.7 and Ibid, September-October 1998, p.9
32. Secretariat News. June-July 1998, p.7 and Ibid, September-October 1998, p.9
33. Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents; Adopted by the U.N. General Assembly, December 14, 1973
34. Secretariat News. September-October 1998, p.9
35. (1) Secretary News. June-July 1998, p.7
36. Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. The Men and Women of the Corporation. New York, Basic Books, 1977, p. 48