Observation of an unusual mid-stratospheric aerosol layer in the Arctic: Possible sources and implications for polar vortex dynamics

Annales Geophysicae

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 1057-1069

  Gerding, M ^a   Baumgarten, G ^b   Blum, U ^c   Thayer, J P ^d   Fricke, K H ^c   Neuber, R ^a   Fiedler, J ^b  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^d SRI INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Atmospheric composition and structure (aerosols and particles; middle atmosphere composition and chemistry); Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; LIDAR; POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERE;

ANDENES; GREENLAND; KIRUNA; NORWAY; STROMFJORD; SWEDEN;

EID: 0038793769     PISSN: 09927689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-21-1057-2003     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Arlt, R. and Guyssens, M.: Bulletin 16 of the International Leonid Watch: Results of the 2000 Leonid Meteor Shower, WGN, the Journal of IMO, 28, 191-204, 2000.
2. Beyerle, G., Deckelmann, H., Neuber, R., Rosen, J. M., Reimer, E., and Schoeberl, M. R.: Occurrence of solid particles in the winter polar stratosphere above the nitric acid trihydrate coexistence temperature inferred from ground-based polarization lidar observations at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 2979-2992, 2001.
3. Browell, E. V., Butler, C. F., Ismail, S., Robinette, P. A., Carter, A. F., Higdon, N. S., Toon, O. B., Schoeberl, M. R., and Tuck, A. F.: Airborne lidar observations in the wintertime Arctic stratosphere: Polar stratospheric clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 385-388, 1990.
4. Brownlee, D. E.: Cosmic Dust: Collection and research, Ann. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci., 13, 147-173, 1985.
5. Ceplecha, Z., Borovicka, J., Elford, W. G., Revelle, D. O., Hawkes, R. L., Porubcan, V. and Simek, M.: Meteor phenomena and bodies, Space Sci. Rev., 84, 327-471, 1998.
6. Fiocco, G. and Grams, G.: Observations of the aerosol layer at 20 km by optical radar. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 323-324, 1964.
7. Fleming, E. L., Chandra, S., Barnett, J. J., and Corney, M.: Zonal mean temperature, pressure, zonal wind, and geopotential height as functions of latitude, Adv. Space Res., 10, 11-59, 1990.
8. Fricke, K. H., Müller, K. P., Langer, M., Römke, K., and Lübken, F. J.: Visual and lidar observation of rocket induced effects in the upper atmosphere above Andøya on 25 January 1995, Proc. 12th ESA Symp. on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, European Space Agency, ESA-SP 370, 107-112, 1995.
9. Gadsden, M. and Schröder, W.: Noctilucent clouds, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.
10. Hanson, D. R. and Mauersberger, K.: Laboratory studies of the nitric acid trihydrate: Implications for the south polar stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 855-858, 1988.
11. Herber, A., Germandt, H., Thomason, L. W., Leiterer, U., Nagel, D., Schulz, K.-H., Kaptur, J., Albrecht, T., and Notholt, J.: Continuous day and night aerosol optical depth observations in the Arctic between 1991 and 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 107, D10, 10, 1029/2001JD000536, 2002.
12. Hofmann, D. J. and Rosen, J. M.: On the background stratospheric aerosol layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 168-181, 1981.
13. Hofmann, D. J. and Rosen, J. M.: Balloon-borne observations of stratospheric aerosol and condensation nuclei during the year following the Mt. St. Helens eruption, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 11 039-11 061, 1982.
14. Hofmann, D. J. and Rosen, J. M.: Condensation nuclei events at 30 km and possible influences of solar cosmic rays. Nature, 302, 511-514, 1983.
15. Hofmann, D. J., Rosen, J. M., Harder, J. W., and Hereford, J. V.: Balloon-borne measurements of aerosol, condensation nuclei, and cloud particles in the stratosphere at McMurdo Station. Antarctica, during the spring of 1987, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11 253-11269, 1989.
16. Hunten, D. M., Turco, R. P., and Toon, O. B.: Smoke and dust particles of meteoric origin in the mesosphere and stratosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1342-1357, 1980.
17. Jackman, C. H., Considine, D. B., and Fleming, E. L.: A global modeling study of solid rocket aluminum oxide emission effects on stratospheric ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 907-910. 1998.
18. Jackman, C. H., Fleming, E. L., and Vitt, F. M.: Influence of extremely large solar proton events in a changing stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 11 659-11 670, 2000.
19. Jackman, C. H., McPeters, R. D., Labow, G. L., Fleming, E. L., Praderas, C. J., and Russell, J. M.: Northern hemisphere atmospheric effects due to the July 2000 solar proton event, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 2883-2886, 2001.
20. Jones, A. E., Bekki, S., and Pyle, J. A.: On the atmospheric impact of launching the Ariane 5 rocket, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16 651-16 660, 1995.
21. Junge, C. E., Chagnon, C. W., and Manson, J. E.: Stratospheric aerosols, J. Meteorol., 18, 81-108, 1961.
22. Kivi, R., Kyrö, E., Dörnbrack, A., and Birner, T.: Observations of vertically thick polar stratospheric clouds and record low temperature in the Arctic vortex, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3661-3664, 2001.
23. Koop, T., Carslaw, K. S., and Peter, T.: Thermodynamic stability and phase transitions of PSC particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2199-2202, 1997.
24. Larsen, N., Rosen, J. M., Kjorne, N. T., and Knudsen, B.: Deliquescence and freezing of stratospheric aerosol observed by balloon-borne backscattersondes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1233-1236, 1995.
25. Lucke, R. L., Korwan, D., Bevilacqua, R. M., Hornstein, J. S., Shettle, E. P., Chen, D. T., Daehler, M., Lumpe, J. D., Fromm, M. D., Debrestian, D., Neff, B., Squire, M., König-Langlo, G. and Davies, J.: The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III) instrument and early validation results, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 18 785-18 799, 1999.
26. Manney, G. L., Sabutis, J. L., and Swinbank, R.: A unique stratospheric warming event in November 2000. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2629-2632, 2001a.
27. Manney, G. L., Sabutis, J. L., and Swinbank, R.: Correction to "A unique stratospheric warming event in November 2000", Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4475, 2001b.
28. Mateshvili, N., Mateshvili, G., Mateshvili, I., Gheondjian, L., and Avsajanishvili, O.: Vertical distribution of dust particles in the Earth's atmosphere during the 1998 Leonids, Met. Planet. Sci., 34, 969-973, 1999.
29. Mishchenko, M. I.: Light scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetric particles, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 8, 871-882, 1991.
30. Müller, K. P., Baumgarten, G., Siebert, J., and Fricke, K. H.: The new lidar facility at Esrange, Kiruna, Proc. 13th ESA Symp. on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, European Space Agency, ESA-SP 397, 129-134, 1997.
31. Müller, M., Neuber, R., Beyerle, G., Kyrö, E., Kivi, R., and Wöste, L.: Non-uniform PSC occurrence within the Arctic polar vortex, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 4175-4178, 2001.
32. Naujokat, B.: The stratospheric circulation during the northern winter 2000/2001, 8th Scientific Assembly of IAMAS, International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Innsbruck, 2001.
33. Newman, P. A., Wilson, J. C., Ross, M. N., Brock, C. A., Sheridan, P. J., Schoeberl, M. R., Lait, L. R., Bui, T. P., Loewenstein, M., and Podolske, J. R.: Chance encounter with a stratospheric kerosene rocket plume from Russia over California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 959-962, 2001.
34. Peter, T., Müller, R., and Crutzen, P. J.: The lifetime of leewave-induced ice particles in the Arctic stratosphere: II. Stabilization due to NAT-coating, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1331-1334, 1994.
35. Pinto, J. P., Turco, R. P., and Toon, O. B.: Self-limiting physical and chemical effects in volcanic eruption clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11 165-11 174, 1989.
36. Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D.: Microphysics of clouds and precipitation, 2nd ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1997.
37. Randall, C. E., Bevilacqua, R. M., Lumpe, J. D., and Hoppel, K. W.: Validation of POAM III aerosols: Comparison to SAGE II and HALOE, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 27 525-27 536, 2001a.
38. Randall, C. E., Siskind, D. E., and Bevilacqua, R. M.: Stratospheric NOx enhancements in the southern hemisphere vortex in winter/spring of 2000, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2385-2388, 2001b.
39. Rosinski, J. and Snow, R. H.: Secondary particulate matter from meteor vapors., J. Meteor., 18, 736-745, 1961.
40. Russell, P. B., and McCormick, M. P.: SAGE II aerosol data validation and initial data use: An introduction and overview, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8335-8338, 1989.
41. Schoeberl, M. R., Lait, L. R., Newman, P. A., and Rosenfield, J. E.: The structure of the polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7859-7882, 1992.
42. Sheridan, P. J., Brock, C. A., and Wilson, J. C.: Aerosol particles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Elemental composition and morphology of individual particles in northern midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2587-2590, 1994.
43. Solomon, S., Portmann, R. W., Garcia, R. R., Thomason, L. W., Poole, L. R., and McCormick, M. P.: The role of aerosol variations in anthropogenic ozone depletion at northern midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6713-6727, 1996.
44. Thayer, J. P., Nielsen, N. B., Warren, R., Heinselman, C. J., and Sohn, J.: Rayleigh lidar system for middle atmosphere research in the Arctic, Opt. Eng., 36, 2045-2061, 1997.
45. von Zahn, U., von Cossart, G., Fiedler, J., Fricke, K. H., Nelke, G., Baumgarten, G., Rees, D., Hauchecorne, A., and Adolfsen, K.: The ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar: Objectives, configuration, and performance, Ann. Geophysicae, 18, 815-833, 2000.
46. Wilson, J. C., Loewenstein, M., Fahey, D. W., Gary, B., Smith, S. D., Kelly, K. K., Ferry, G. V., and Chan, K. R.: Observations of condensation nuclei in the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment: Implications for new particle formation and polar stratospheric cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16437-16448, 1989.
47. Zhao, J., Toon, O. B., and Turco, J. P.: Origin of stratospheric nuclei in the springtime polar stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 5215-5227, 1995.