A fractal analysis of human cranial sutures

Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal

Volumn 40, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 409-415

  Yu, Jack C ^a   Wright, Ronald L ^c   Williamson, Matthew A ^c   Braselton III, James P ^c   Abell, Martha L ^b  

^a MEDICAL COLLEGE OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Medical College of Georgia ^*

Author keywords

Fractal analysis; Fractal dimension; Human sagittal suture

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; FRACTAL ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MORPHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKULL SURGERY; SURGICAL ANATOMY; SUTURE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CEPHALOMETRY; CRANIAL SUTURES; FEMALE; FRACTALS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MORPHOGENESIS; REFERENCE VALUES;

EID: 0038783312     PISSN: 10556656     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1597/1545-1569(2003)040<0409:AFAOHC>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Bassingthwaite JB, Leibovitch LS, West BJ. The surprising statistical properties of fractals. In: Bassingthwaite JB, Leibovitch LS, West BJ, eds. Fractal Physiology. London: Oxford University Press; 1994:33-44.
2. Chen J, Zhong Q, Wang J, Cameron RS, Borke JL, Isales CM, Bollag RJ. Microarray analysis of Tbx2-directed gene expression: a possible role in osteogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001;177:43-54.
3. Enlow DH. Introductory concepts of the growth process. In: DH Enlow, ed. Handbook of Facial Growth. Philadelphia: Saunders Co.; 1975:18-47.
4. Glenny RW, Robertson HT, Yamashiro S, Bassingthwaighte JB. Application of fractal analysis to physiology. J Appl Physiol. 1991;70:2351-2367.
5. Hanken J, Hall BK. Mechanisms of skull diversity and evolution. In: J Hanken, BK Hall, ed. The Skull. Vol. 3: Functional and Evolutionary Mechanisms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1993:1-26.
6. Johnson D, Iseki S, Wilkie AOM, Morris-Kay GM. Expression patterns of Twist and Fgfr1, -2 and -3 in the developing mouse coronal suture suggest a key role for Twist in suture initiation and biogenesis. Mech Dev. 2000;91:341-345.
7. Kauffman SA. Self-organization and adaptation in complex systems. In: SA Kauffman, ed. The Origins of Order. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993:175-181.
8. Long CA. Intricate sutures as fractal curves. J Morphol. 1985;185:285-295.
9. Long CA, Long JE. Fractal dimension ofcranial sutures and waveforms. Acta Anat. 1992;145:201-206.
10. Mandelbrot BB. The Fractal Geometry of Nature. New York: WH Freeman and Co.; 1983.
11. Monteiro LR, Lessa LG. Comparative analysis of cranial suture complexity in the genus Caiman (Crododylia alligatoridae). Rev Bras Biol. 2000;60:689-694.
12. Pashley DH, Borke JL, Yu JC. Biomechanics and craniofacial morphogenesis. In: Lin K, Ogle RC, Jane JA, eds. Craniofacial Surgery: Science and Surgical Technique. Philadelphia: Saunders Co.; 2002:84-100.
13. Potter EL, Craig JM. Rate of antenatal growth. In: Potter EL, Craig JM, eds. Pathology of the Fetus and the Infant. 3rd ed. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc.; 1975:15-24.
14. Russell AP, Thomason JJ. Mechanical analysis of the mammalian head skeleton. In: Hanken J, Hall BK, eds. The Skull: Vol. 3: Functional and Evolutionary Mechanisms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1993:345-383.
15. Schiwy-Bochat KH. The roughness of the supranasal region - a morphological sex trait. For Sci Int. 2001;117:7-13.
16. Warren SM, Brunet LJ, Economides AN, Harland RM, Fong KD, Longaker MT. Apert and Crouzon fibroblast growth factor receptor gain-of-function mutations suppress noggin: a mechanism for FGF-mediated cranial suture fusion. In: Proceedings of the 47th Plastic Surgery Research Council. Hanover, NH: Plastic Surgery Research Council; 2002:93.
17. Yu JC, Lucas JH, Borke JL. Tension-induced FGF-2 release in neonatal rat coronal sutures: a self-organizing mechanism in cranial development. J Craniofac Surg. 1999;8:29-32.
18. Yu JC, Braselton JP, Abell ML, Borke JL. The identification of calcium oscillators in immature rat cranial sutures. In: Lauritzen CGK, ed. Craniofacial Surgely. Bologna: Monduzzi Editore, 2001a;9:139-141.
19. Yu JC, Lucas JH, Fryberg K, Borke JL. Extrinsic tension results in FGF-2 release, membrane permeability change, and intracellular Ca++ increase in immature cranial sutures. J Craniofac Surg. 2001b;12:391-398.