Head lice and body lice: Shared traits invalidate assumptions about evolutionary and medical distinctions

Australian Journal of Medical Science

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 48-62

  Bailey, A M ^a   Prociv, P ^a   Petersen, H P ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b QML Pathology   (Australia)

^c QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana; Borrelia recurrentis; Ectoparasite; Head lice; Louse borne pathogen; Rickettsia prowasekii; Transmission; Vector competence

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BARTONELLA QUINTANA; BORRELIA RECURRENTIS; CLOTHING; ECTOPARASITE; HUMAN; LIFE CYCLE; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PARASITE VECTOR; PEDICULUS; PUBLIC HEALTH; RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII; SKIN DISEASE;

ARTHROPODA; BARTONELLA; BARTONELLA QUINTANA; BORRELIA; BORRELIA RECURRENTIS; PEDICULUS; PEDICULUS HUMANUS; PHTHIRAPTERA; RICKETTSIA; RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII;

EID: 0038782958     PISSN: 10381643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Amevigbe MDD, Ferrer A, Champorie S, Monteny N, Deunff J, Richard-Lenoble D. 2000. Isoenzymes of human lice: Pediculus humanus and P. capitis. Med Vet Entomol; 14: 419-425.
2. Bacot AW. 1917. A contribution to the bionomics of Pediculus humanus (vestimenti) and Pediculus captis. Parasitology; 9: 228-258.
3. Bailey AM, Prociv P. 2000. Persistent head lice following multiple treatments: evidence for insecticide resistance in Pediculus humanus capitis. Australas J Dermatol; 41: 250-254.
4. Bailey AM, Prociv P. 2001. Pediculus humanus capitis infestations in the community: A pilot study into transmission, treatment and factors affecting control. Aust Infect Control; 6: 95-101.
5. Bailey AM, Prociv P. 2002. Head lice appearance and behaviour: implications for epidemiology and control. Aust Infect Control; 7: 62-71.
6. Bise G, Coninx R. 1997. Epidemic typhus in a prison in Burundi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 91: 133-134.
7. Borgnolo G, Denku B, Chiabrera F, Hailu B. 1993. Louse-borne relapsing fever in Ethiopian children: a clinical study. Ann Trop Paediatr; 13: 165-171.
8. Brouqui P, Lascola B, Roux V, Raoult D. 1999. Chronic Bartonella quintana bacteremia in homeless patients. N Engl J Med; 340: 184-189.
9. Burgess IF. 1995. Human lice and their management. Adv Parasitol; 36: 271-342.
10. Burkhart CN, Burkhart CG. 2001. Recommendation to standardise pediculicidal and ovicidal testing for head lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Med Entomol; 38:127-129.
11. Busvine JR. 1978. Evidence from double infestations for the specific status of human head lice and body lice (Anoplura). Systematic Entomol; 3: 1-8.
12. Busvine JR. 1980a. Cryptic species of insect disease vectors and their importance. Endeavour; 4: 108-112.
13. Busvine JR. 1980b. Insects and Hygiene. London: Chapman and Hall; 263-268.
14. Busvine JR, 1985. Biology of the parasites. In: Orkin M, Maibach H, eds. Cutaneous Infestations and Insect Bites. New York: Marcel Dekker; 163-174.
15. Busvine JR. 1993. Entomology and evolution. Antenna; 17: 196-201.
16. Buxton PA. 1947. The Louse. London: Edward Arnold.
17. Canyon DV, Speare R, Muller R. 2002. Spatial and Kinetic factors for the transfer of head lice (Pediculus capitis) between hairs. J Invest Dermatol; 119: 629-231.
18. Chunge RN, Scott FE, Underwood JE, Zavarella KJ. 1991. A pilot study to investigate transmission of head lice. Can J Public Health; 82: 207-208.
19. Cole MM. 1966. Body lice. In: Smith CN, ed. Insect Colonisation and Mass Production. London, New York: Academic Press;15-24.
20. Culpepper GH. 1948. Rearing and maintaining a laboratory colony of body lice on rabbits. Am J Trop Med; 28: 499-504.
21. Dalgleish RC. 2002. The taxonomy of lice. Phthiraptera Central. http://www.phthiraptera.org
22. Davis WA, Hansens EJ. 1945. Bionomics of pediculosis capitis. I. Experiments in rearing human lice on the rabbit. Am J Hyg; 41:1-4.
23. Epstein E, Orkin M. 1985. Pediculosis: clinical aspects. In: Orkin M, Maibach H, eds. Cutaneous Infestations and Insect Bites. New York: Marcel Dekker; 175-186.
24. Ferris GF. 1935. Contributions toward a monograph of the sucking lice. Part VIII. In: Biological Sciences vol 11. no. 8 p. 528-620. California: Stanford University Publications, Stanford University Press.
25. Goddard J. 1989. Physician's guide to arthropods of medical importance. Florida: CRC Press; 190-191.
26. Gratz NG. 1985. Epidemiology of louse infestations. In: Orkin M, Maibach H, eds. Cutaneous infestations and insect bites. New York: Marcel Dekker; 187-198.
27. Gratz NG, WHO. 1997. Human lice, their prevalence, control and resistance to insecticides. A review 1985-1997. WHO/CTD/ WHOPES/97.8.
28. Hatsushika R, Miyoshi K, Okino T. 2000. A case study of body louse Pediculus humanus corporis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) infestation found on a homeless person in Okayama, Japan. Kawasaki Med J; 26: 23-28.
29. Hemingway J, Miller J, Mumcuoglu KY. 1999. Pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in the head louse Pediculus capitis from Israel: implications for control. Med Vet Entomol; 13: 89-96.
30. La Scola B, Fournier PE, Brouqui P, Raoult D. 2001. Detection and culture of Bartonella quintana, Serratia marcescens, and Adnetobacter spp. from decontaminated human body lice. J Clin Microbiol; 39: 1707-1709.
31. Leo NP, Campbell NJH, Yang X, Mumcuoglu KY, Barker SC. 2002. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA that the head lice and the body lice of humans (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are conspecific. J Med Entomol; 39: 662-666.
32. Linardi PM, Barata JM, Ubinatti PF, de Souze D, Botelho JR, De Maria M. 1998. (Infestation by Pediculus humanus (Anoplura: Pediculidae) in a metropolitan area of southeast Brazil). (Article in Portugese) Rev Saude Publicar; 32: 77-81.
33. Lord WD, DiZinno J A, Wilson MR, Budowle B, Taplin D, Meinking TL. 1998. Isolation, amplification, and sequencing of human mitrochondrial DNA obtained from human crab louse, Pthirus pubis (L.), blood meals. J Forensic Sci; 43: 1097-1100.
34. Maunder JW. 1977. Parasites of man. Human lice biology and control. R Soc Health J; 97: 29-32.
35. Maunder JW. 1983. The appreciation of lice. Proc R Inst Great Britain; 55: 1-31.
36. Maunder JW. 1998. Lice and scabies. Myths and reality. Dermatol Clinics, 16: 843-845.
37. Morsy TA, Abou el-Ela RG, Morsy ATA, Nassar MMI, Khalaf SAA. 2000. Two contagious ectoparasites in an orphanage children in Nasr City, Cairo. J Egypt Soc Parasitol; 30: 727-734.
38. Mumcuoglu K, Miller J, Manor O, Ben-Yshai F, Klaus S. 1993. The prevalence of ectoparasites in Ethiopian immigrants. Isr J Med Sci; 29: 371-373.
39. Murray ES, Torrey SB. 1975. Virulence of Rickettsia prowazeki for head lice. Ann N Y Acad Sci; 266: 25-34.
40. Niang M, Brouqui P, Raoult D. 1999. Epidemic typhus imported from Algeria. Emer ging Infect Dis; 5: 716-718.
41. Nuttall GHF. 1917. The biology of Pediculus humanus. Parasitology, 10: 80-185.
42. Peters W. 1992. A colour atlas of arthropods in clinical medicine. London, Barcelona: Wolfe Publishing; 192-193.
43. Picollo MI, Vassena CV, Casadio AA, Massim J, Zerba EN. 1998. Laboratory studies of susceptibility and resistance to insecticides in Pediculus capitis (Anoplura; Pediculidae). J Med Entomol; 35: 814-817.
44. Pollack RJ, Kiszewski A, Armstrong P, Hahn C, Wolfe N, Rahman HA, Laserson K, Telford SR, Spielman A. 1999. Differential permethrin susceptibility of head lice sampled in the United States and Borneo. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med; 153: 969-73.
45. Pollack RJ, Kiszewski AE, Spielman A. 2000. Overdiagnosis and consequent mismanagement of head louse infestations in North America. Pediatr Infect Dis J; 19: 689-693.
46. Raoult D. 1998. Infectious disease. Return of the plagues. Lancet; 352: (suppl IV): 18.
47. Raoult D, Roux V 1999. The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases. Clin Infect Dis; 29: 888-911.
48. Roux V, Raoult D. 1999, Body lice as tools for diagnosis and surveillance of reemerging diseases. J Clin Micro; 37: 596-599.
49. Rydkina EB, Roux V, Gagua EM, Predtechenski AB, Tarasevich IV, Raoult D. 1999. Bartonella quintana in body lice collected from homeless persons in Russia. Emerging Infect Dis; 5: 176-178.
50. Schaefer CW. 1978, Ecological separation of the human head lice and body lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg; 72: 669.
51. Speare R, Buettner PG. 2000, Hard data needed on head lice transmission. Int J Dermatol; 39: 877-878.
52. Tesfayohannes T. 1989, Prevalence of body lice in elementary school students in three Ethiopian towns at different altitudes. Ethiop Med J; 27: 201
53. White GB, Walker AR. 1995. Editorial commentary on pyrethroid resistance in and specific status of Pediaculus capitis. Med Vet Entomol; 9: 432-447.