Description of Parkinson's disease as a clinical syndrome

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 991, Issue , 2003, Pages 1-14

  Fahn, Stanley ^a,b  

^a Columbia Univ Coll of Phys/Surgs ^*  (United States)

^b NEUROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Dopamine; Levodopa; Lewy body; Parkinson's disease; Parkinsonism

Indexed keywords

5 HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN; ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; AMANTADINE; APOMORPHINE; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE; CATECHOL METHYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITOR; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE CYCLOHYDROLASE I; HYDROLASE; LEVODOPA; LIGASE; NEUROMELANIN; NITRIC OXIDE; NORADRENALIN; NUCLEAR PROTEIN; PARKIN; PERGOLIDE; PEROXYNITRITE; PRAMIPEXOLE; RASAGILINE; ROPINIROLE; SELEGILINE; SEROTONIN; UBIDECARENONE; UBIQUITIN C; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANKLE EDEMA; BODY POSTURE; BRADYKINESIA; BRAIN SURGERY; CELL LEVEL; CELL LOSS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONFUSION; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; DISEASE COURSE; DOPAMINERGIC NERVE CELL; DROWSINESS; DYSKINESIA; GENE MUTATION; HALLUCINATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LEG EDEMA; LEWY BODY; LIVEDO RETICULARIS; MONOAMINE NERVE CELL; MOTIVATION; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NERVE CELL DEGENERATION; NEUROPROTECTION; NIGRONEOSTRIATAL SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PARKINSON DISEASE; PARKINSONISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOSIS; REFLEX DISORDER; RIGIDITY; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; SUBSTITUTION THERAPY; SYMPTOM; SYNDROME; TREATMENT FAILURE; TREMOR; VISUAL HALLUCINATION;

PARKINSONIA;

EID: 0038727936     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07458.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (40)

1. PARKINSON, J. 1817. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy. Sherwood, Neely, and Jones. London.
2. GOETZ, C.G. 1987. Charcot, the Clinician: the Tuesday Lessons. Excerpts from Nine Case Presentations on General Neurology Delivered at the Salpetriere Hospital in 1887-88 by Jean-Martin Charcot. Translated with commentary: pp. 123-124. Raven Press. New York.
3. GOWERS, W.R. 1893. A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System, Vol. II, 2nd edit.: p. 644. Blakiston. Philadelphia.
4. OPPENHEIM, H. 1911. Textbook of Nervous Diseases for Physicians and Students, 5th edit., trans. by H. Bruce: pp. 1301-1302. Otto Schulze. Edinburgh.
5. WECHSLER, I.S. 1932. A Textbook of Clinical Neurology, 2nd edit.: p. 576. W.B. Saunders. Philadelphia.
6. WILSON, S.A.K. 1940. Neurology, vol. II: p. 793. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore.
7. SCHWAB, R.S., A.C. ENGLAND & E. PETERSON. 1959. Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 9: 65-72.
8. MEYNERT, T. 1871. Ueber Beitrage zur differential Diagnose der paralytischen Irrsinns. Wiener Med. Presse 11: 645-647.
9. BRISSAUD, E. 1895. Lecons sur les Maladies Nerveuses. Masson et Cie. Paris.
10. BLOCQ, P. & G. MARINESCO. 1893. Sur un cas de tremblement Parkinsonien hemiplegique, symptomatique d'une tumeur de peduncule cerebral. C. R. Soc. Biol. Paris 5: 105-111.
11. TRETIAKOFF, C. 1919. Contribution a l'etude de l'anatomie pathologique du locus niger de Soemmering avec quelques dedutions relatives a la pathogenie des troubles du tonus musculaire et de la maladie de Parkinson. These de Paris.
12. LEWY, F.H. 1914. Zur pathologischen Anatomie der Paralysis agitans. Dtsch. Z. Nervenheilk 1: 50-55.
13. FOIX, C. & I. NICOLESCO. 1925. Anatomie Cerebrale; Les Noyeux Gris Centraux et la Region Mesencephalo-Sous-Opitique, Suive d'un Appendice sur l'Anatomie Pathologique de la Maladie de Parkinson. Masson et Cie. Paris.
14. HASSLER, R. 1938. Zur Pathologie der Paralysis Agitans und des postenzephalitischen Parkinsonismus. J. Psychol. Neurol. 48: 387-476.
15. GREENFIELD, J.G. & F.D. BOSANQUET. 1953. The brain-stem lesions in parkinsonism. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 16: 213-226.
16. CARLSSON, A., M. LINDQVIST & T. MAGNUSSON. 1957. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature 180: 1200.
17. CARLSSON, A., M. LINDQVIST, T. MAGNUSSON & B. WALDECK. 1958. On the presence of 3-hydroxytyramine in brain. Science 127: 471.
18. BERTLER, A. & E. ROSENGREN. 1959. Occurrence and distribution of catechol amines in brain. Acta Physiol. Scand. 47: 350-361.
19. SANO, I., T. GAMO, Y. KAKIMOTO, et al. 1959. Distribution of catechol compounds in human brain. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 32: 586-587.
20. CARLSSON, A. 1959. The occurrence, distribution and physiological role of catecholamines in the nervous system. Pharmacol. Rev. 11: 490-493.
21. EHRINGER, H. & O. HORNYKIEWICZ. 1960. Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin (3-Hydroxytyramin) im Gehirn des Menschen und ihr Verhalten bei Erkrankungen der extrapyramidalen Systems. Klin. Wochenschr. 38: 1236-1239.
22. FAHN, S. & S. PRZEDBORSKI. 2000. Parkinsonism. In Merritt's Neurology, 10th edit. L.P. Rowland, Ed.: 679-693. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia.
23. ELBAZ, A., J.H. BOWER, D.M. MARAGANORE, et al. 2002. Risk tables for parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 55(1): 25-31.
24. TANNER, C.M., R. OTTMAN, S.M. GOLDMAN, et al. 1999. Parkinson disease in twins - an etiologic study. JAMA 281: 341-346.
25. ELBAZ, A., J.H. BOWER, B.J. PETERSON, et al. 2003. Survival study of Parkinson disease in Olmsted county, Minnesota. Arch. Neurol. 60(1): 91-96.
26. BERNHEIMER, H., W. BIRKMAYER, O. HORNYKIEWICZ, et al. 1973. Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. J. Neurol. Sci. 20: 415-455.
27. SNOW, B.J., C.S. LEE, M. SCHULZER, et al. 1994. Longitudinal fluorodopa positron emission tomographic studies of the evolution of idiopathic Parkinsonism. Ann. Neurol. 36: 759-764.
28. SEIBYL, J.P., K.L. MAREK, D. QUINLAN, et al. 1995. Decreased single-photon emission computed tomographic [(123)]I beta-CIT striatal uptake correlates with symptom severity in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 38: 589-598.
29. EIDELBERG, D., J.R. MOELLER, T. ISIKAWA, et al. 1995. Assessment of disease severity in parkinsonism with fluorine-18- fluorodeoxyglucose and PET. J. Nucl. Med. 36: 378-383.
30. MORRISH, P.K., G.V. SAWLE & D.J. BROOKS. 1996. An [F-18]dopa-PET and clinical study of the rate of progression in Parkinson's disease. Brain 119: 585-591.
31. BENAMER, H.T.S., J. PATTERSON, D.J. WYPER, et al. 2000. Correlation of Parkinson's disease severity and duration with I-123- FP-CIT SPECT striatal uptake. Mov. Disord. 15(4): 692-698.
32. PENNEY, J.B., JR. & A.B. YOUNG. 1986. Striatal inhomogeneities and basal ganglia function. Mov. Disord. 1: 3-14.
33. MILLER, W.C. & M.R. DELONG. 1988. Parkinsonian symptomatology: an anatomical and physiological analysis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 515: 287-302.
34. MITCHELL, I.J., C.E. CLARKE, S. BOYCE, et al. 1989. Neural mechanisms underlying parkinsonian symptoms based upon regional uptake of 2-deoxyglucose in monkeys exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neuroscience 32: 213-226.
35. CONWAY, K.A., J.C. ROCHET, R.M. BIEGANSKI & P.T.J. LANSBURY. 2001. Kinetic stabilization of the alpha-synuclein protofibril by a dopamine-alpha-synuclein adduct. Science 294: 1267-1268.
36. SHOULSON, I., D. OAKES, S. FAHN, et al.; PARKINSON STUDY GROUP. 2002. Impact of sustained deprenyl (selegiline) in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease: a randomized placebo-controlled extension of the deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidative therapy of parkinsonism trial. Ann. Neurol. 51(5): 604-612.
37. PARKINSON STUDY GROUP. 2002. A controlled trial of rasagiline in early Parkinson disease - the TEMPO study. Arch. Neurol. 59(12): 1937-1943.
38. 10 in early Parkinson disease. Evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Arch. Neurol. 59: 1541-1550.
39. RASCOL, O., D.J. BROOKS, A.D. KORCZYN, et al. 2000. A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. N. Engl. J. Med. 342: 1484-1491.
40. PARKINSON STUDY GROUP. 2000. Pramipexole versus levodopa as the initial treatment for Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 284: 1931-1938.