Green chemistry approach to the synthesis of N-substituted piperidones

Journal of Organic Chemistry

Volumn 68, Issue 14, 2003, Pages 5739-5741

  Faul, Margaret M ^a   Kobierski, Michael E ^a   Kopach, Michael E ^a  

^a ELI LILLY AND COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS;

CLINICAL LABORATORIES; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

1 (2 PYRIDINYLMETHYL)PIPERIDIN 4 ONE; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ENZASTAURIN; PIPERIDONE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL REACTION; CYCLIZATION; DRUG SYNTHESIS; METHODOLOGY; REACTION ANALYSIS;

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION; HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH 4 OR MORE RINGS; PIPERIDINES; PIPERIDONES;

EID: 0038676230     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo026848i     Document Type: Article

References (30)

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21. Aqueous workup was problematic due to the large neutralization volumes required and the difficulty in separating 1 from residual 2-(hydroxymethyl)-alcohol and related polar impurities. The best results were achieved with ketal 10, but competitive reduction of 8 (15-30%) was not suppressed. See ref 10 for deprotection conditions.
22. Method A. To a solution of 11 (2 mmol) in 2:1 acetic acid/water (7.5 mL) was added 0.1 mL of concentrated HCl, and the solution was heated to 60 °C for 18 h. The solution was poured into ethyl acetate and treated with saturated sodium carbonate solution until the aqueous layer was basic. The layers were separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with additional ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water followed by saturated NaCl solution and then concentrated to an oil. NMR showed an 8:1 ratio of product to starting material. Method B. To a solution of 11 (4 mmol) in acetone were added pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (1.3 mmol) and a few drops of water. The resulting solution was heated to reflux for 3 h. NMR of a reaction aliquot showed complete disappearance of starting material but also no desired product and a complex mixture of other products.
23. 3 (2 equiv) is required to free base 2-picolyl chloride hydrochloride and 4-piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride in situ.
24. Typically, 1 is produced in >99% purity by HPLC A.N. analysis when powdered carbonate base is used. Granular carbonate bases require longer alkylation reaction times at 70 °C, and up to 10% quaternization is observed. 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine is typically observed at <0.5% for this reaction.
25. Main byproducts observed are the amine base/2-picolyl chloride direct addition product.
26. Bellouard, F.; Chuburu, F.; Kervarec, N.; Toupet, L.; Triki, S.; LemMest, Y.; Handel, H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1999, 3499.
27. Throughput for the scale-up process was excellent; 10 volumes (L/kg of 2-picolyl chloride hydrochloride) were used for the alkylation.
28. Yield for 14 was 35% due to competitive alkylation of the amide functionality.
29. 3 (1 equiv) was employed.
30. 3 (2 equiv) was employed.