Ethnic/racial attitudes and self-identification of black Jamaican and White New England children

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 395-416

  Cramer, Phebe ^a   Anderson, Gail ^a,b  

^a WILLIAMS COLLEGE   (United States)

^b BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Skin color and body size preference; U.S. and Jamaican children

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038675086     PISSN: 00220221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022022103034004002     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Aboud, F. E. (1984). Social-cognitive bases of ethnic constancy. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 9, 27-36.
2. Aboud, F. E. (1987). The development of ethnic self-identification and attitudes. In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development (pp. 32-55). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A. B. (1995). The development of in-group pride in black Canadians. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 242-254.
4. Aboud, F. E., & Skerry, S. A. (1984). The development of ethnic attitudes. A critical review. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15, 3-34.
5. Bagley, C., & Young, L. (1988). Evaluation of color and ethnicity in young children in Jamaica, Ghana, England, and Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 12, 45-60.
6. Bigler, R. W., & Liben, L. S. (1993). A cognitive-developmental approach to racial stereotyping and reconstructive memory in Euro-American children. Child Development, 64, 1507-1518.
7. Black-Gutman, D., & Hickson, F. (1996). The relationship between racial attitudes and social-cognitive development in children: An Australian study. Developmental Psychology, 32, 448-456.
8. Bockarie, P. M. (1992). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of secondary school students toward obesity in Jamaica. Unpublished manuscript, University of South Florida, College of Public Health, Department of Community and Family Health.
9. Cameron, J. A., Alvarez, J. M., Ruble, D. N., & Fuligni, A. J. (2001). Children's lay theory about ingroups and outgroups: Reconceptualizing research on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 118-128.
10. Clark, A., Hocevar, D., & Dembo, M. H. (1980). The role of cognitive development in children's explanations and preferences for skin color. Developmental Psychology, 16, 332-339.
11. Clark, K. B., & Clark, M. P. (1947). Racial identification and preference in Negro children. In T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York: Holt.
12. Cramer, P., & Steinwert, T. (1998). Thin is good, fat is bad: How early does it begin? Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 19, 429-451.
13. Dasen, P. R. & de Ribaupierre, A. (1987). Neo-Piagetian theories: Cross-cultural and differential perspectives. International Journal of Psychology, 22, 793-832.
14. Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 5-18.
15. Doyle, A. B., & Aboud, F. E. (1995). A longitudinal study of White children's racial prejudice as a social-cognitive development. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 209-228.
16. Doyle, A. B., Beaudet, J., & Aboud, F. (1988). Developmental patterns in the flexibility of children's ethnic attitudes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 19, 3-18.
17. Foner. N. (1977). The Jamaicans: Cultural and social change among migrants in Britain. In J. L. Watson (Ed.), Between two cultures: Migrants and minorities in Britain. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
18. Gopaul-McNicol, S.A. (1988). Racial identification and racial preference of Black preschool children in New York and Trinidad. Journal of Black Psychology, 14, 65-68.
19. Gopaul-McNicol, S.A. (1995). A cross-cultural examination of racial identity and racial preference of preschool children in the West Indies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 141-152.
20. Graves, S. B. (1999). Television and prejudice reduction: When does television as a vicarious experience make a difference? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 707-725.
21. Greenfield, P. M. (2000). Culture and universals: Integrating social and cognitive development. In L. P. Nucci, G. B. Saxe, & E. Turiel (Eds.), Culture, thought and development (pp. 231-277). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
22. Hoxter, A. L., & Lester, D. (1994). Gender differences in prejudice. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 79, 1666.
23. Hoyos, M. D., & Clarke, H. (1987). Concepts of obesity in family practice. West Indies Medical Journal, 36, 95-98.
24. Katz, P. A. (1987). Developmental and social processes in ethnic attitudes and self-identification. In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.). Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
25. Katz, P. A., Sohn, M., & Zalk, S. R. (1975). Perceptual concomitants of racial attitudes in urban grade-school children. Developmental Psychology, 11, 135-144.
26. Kowalski, K., & Lo, Y.-F. (2001). The influence of perceptual features, ethnic labels, and sociocultural information on the development of ethnic/racial bias in young children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 444-455.
27. Milner, D. (1973). Racial identification and preference in "black" British children. European Journal of Social Psychology. 3, 281-295.
28. Nettleford, R. M. (1998). Mirror mirror: Identity, race and protest in Jamaica. Kingston. Jamaica: Kingston Publishers.
29. Powlishta, K. K., Serbin, L. A., Doyle, A.-B., & White, D. R. (1994). Gender, ethnic, and body type biases: The generality of prejudice in childhood. Developmental Psychology, 30, 526-536.
30. Quails, R. C., Cox, M. B., & Schehr, T. L. (1992). Racial attitudes on campus: Are there gender differences? Journal of College Student Development, 33, 524-530.
31. Ramsey, P. G. (1987). Young children's thinking about ethnic differences. In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development, Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
32. Ramsey, P. G. (1991). The salience of race in young children growing up in an all-White community. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 28-34.
33. Ramsey, P. G., & Myers, L. C. (1990). Salience of race in young children's cognitive, affective and behavioral responses to social environments. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 11, 49-67.
34. Richmond, A. H. (1955). The colour problem. Baltimore: Penguin.
35. Sattler, J. M. (1970). Racial "experimenter effects" in experimentation, testing, interviewing and psychotherapy. Psychological Bulletin, 73, 137-160.
36. Sigelman, C. K., Miller, T. E., & Whitworth, L. A. (1986). The early development of stigmatizing reactions to physical differences. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 7, 17-32.
37. Smith, D. E., & Cogswell, C. (1994). A cross-cultural perspective on adolescent girls' body perception. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 744-746.
38. Strauss, R. S. (2000). Childhood obesity and self-esteem [Electronic version]. Pediatrics, 105, e15.
39. Vaughan, G. M. (1987). A social psychological model of ethnic identity development. In J. S. Phinney & M. J. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
40. The World Factbook. (2000). Retrieved from http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/jm.html.