Lightning effects at high altitudes: Sprites, elves, and terrestrial gamma ray flashes

Comptes Rendus Physique

Volumn 3, Issue 10, 2002, Pages 1411-1421

  Inan, Umran S ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038662021     PISSN: 16310705     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1631-0705(02)01418-4     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. C.T.R. Wilson, The electric field of a thundercloud and some of its effects, Proc. Phys. Soc. London 37 (1925) 32D.
2. R.C. Franz, R.J. Nemzek, J.R. Winckler, Television image of a large upward discharge above a thunderstorm system, Science 249 (1990) 48.
3. D.D. Sentman, E.M. Wescott, D.L. Osborne, D.L. Hampton, M.J. Heavner, Preliminary results from the Sprites94 campaign: Red Sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 1205.
4. O.H. Vaughan, B. Vonnegut, Recent observations of lightning discharges from the top of a thunderstorm into the clear air above, J. Geophys. Res. 94 (1989) 113179.
5. V.P. Pasko, U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, Sprites produced by quasi-electrostatic heating and ionization in the lower ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 4529.
6. E.A. Gerken, U.S. Inan, C.P. Barrington-Leigh, Telescopic imaging of sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 2637.
7. S.A. Cummer, U.S. Inan, Measurement of charge transfer in sprite-producing lightning using ELF radio atmospherics, Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (1997) 1731.
8. S.A. Cummer, U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, C.P. Barrington-Leigh, ELF radiation produced by electrical currents in sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 (1998) 1281.
9. W.L. Boeck, O.H. Vaughan Jr., R. Blakeslee, B. Vonnegut, M. Brook, Lightning induced brightening in the airglow layer, Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 (1992) 99.
10. U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, J.V. Rodriguez, Heating and ionization of the lower ionosphere by lightning discharges, Geophys. Res. Lett. 18 (1991) 705.
11. H. Fukunishi, Y. Takahashi, M. Kubota, K. Sakanoi, U.S. Inan, W.A. Lyons, Lightning-induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 (1996) 2157.
12. U.S. Inan, C. Barrington-Leigh, S. Hansen, V.S. Glukhov, T.F. Bell, Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced ionospheric flashes referred to as 'Elves', Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 (1997) 583.
13. C.P. Barrington-Leigh, U.S. Inan, M. Stanley, Identification of Sprites and Elves with intensified video and broadband array photometry, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (A2) (2001) 1741.
14. G.J. Fishman, P.N. Bhat, R. Malozzi, J.M. Horack, T. Koshut, C. Kouveliotou, G.N. Pendleton, C.A. Meegan, R.B. Wilson, W.S. Paciesas, S.J. Goodman, H.J. Christian, Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin, Science 264 (1994) 1313.
15. U.S. Inan, S.C. Reising, G.J. Fishman, J.M. Horack, On the association of terrestrial gamma-ray bursts with lightning and implications for sprites, Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 (1996) 1017.
16. N.G. Lehtinen, T.F. Bell, U.S. Inan, Monte Carlo simulation of runaway MeV electron breakdown with application to Red Sprites and terrestrial gamma ray flashes, J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 24699.
17. N.G. Lehtinen, U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, Trapped energetic electron curtains produced by thunderstorm driven relativistic runaway electrons, Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 (2000) 1095.
18. N.G. Lehtinen, U.S. Inan, T.F. Bell, Effects of thunderstorm driven runaway electrons in the conjugate hemisphere: Purple sprites, ionization enhancements, and gamma rays, J. Geophys. Res. 106 (A12) (2001) 28841.
19. U.S. Inan, D.C. Shafer, W.Y. Yip, R.E. Orville, Subionospheric VLF signatures of nighttime D-region perturbations in the vicinity of lightning discharges, J. Geophys. Res. 93 (1988) 11455.