Report from the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology for the interpretation of the neonatal electrocardiogram

Cardiology in the Young

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 592-608

  Schwartz, Peter J ^a   Garson Jr , Arthur ^b   Paul, Thomas ^b   Stramba Badiale, Marco ^b   Vetter, Victoria L ^b   Villain, Elisabeth ^b   Wren, Christopher ^b  

^a FONDAZIONE IRCCS POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO   (Italy)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Guidelines; Long QT syndrome; Neonatal electrocardiogram; QT interval; Sudden death

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CARDIOLOGY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; LONG QT SYNDROME; NEONATOLOGY; PEDIATRICIAN; QT INTERVAL; SCREENING; SOCIETY; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; CONGENITAL HEART MALFORMATION; INFANT; INFANT WELFARE; NEWBORN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW;

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART DEFECTS, CONGENITAL; HUMANS; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; INFANT; INFANT WELFARE; INFANT, NEWBORN;

EID: 0038661040     PISSN: 10479511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1047951102001087     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Schwartz PJ, Stramba-Badiale M, Segantini A, et al. Prolongation of the QT interval and the sudden infant death syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1709-1714.
2. Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Bloise R, et al. Molecular diagnosis in a child with sudden infant death syndrome. Lancet 2001; 358: 1342-1343.
3. Davignon A, Rautaharju P, Boisselle E, Soumis F, Megelas M, Choquette A. Normal electrocardiogram standards for infants and children. Pediatr Cardiol 1979; 1: 123-152.
4. Rijnbeek PR, Witsenburg M, Schrama E, Hess J, Kors JA. New normal limits for the paediatric electrocardiogram. Eur Heart J 2001; 22: 702-711.
5. Garson A Jr. Electrocardiography. In: Garson A Jr, Bricker JT, Fisher DJ, Neish SR, eds. The Science and Practice of Paediatric Cardiology, 2nd edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1998: pp 713-788.
6. Tippel M. Interpretation of electrocardiograms in infants and children. Images Paediatr Cardiol 1999; 1:3. 13.Available at: http://www.health.gov.mt/ impaedcard/issue/issue1/ecg1/ecg1.htm#top.
7. Garson A Jr. Clinically significant differences between the "old" analog and the "new" digital electrocardiograms. Am Heart J 1987; 114(1 Pt 1): 194-197.
8. Rijnbeek PR, Kors JA, Witsenburg M. Minimum bandwidth requirements for recording of paediatric electrocardiograms. Circulation 2001; 104: 3087-3090.
9. Yamamoto H, Miyahara H, Domae A. Is a higher sampling rate desirable in the computer processing of the paediatric electrocardiogram? J Electrocardiol 1987; 20: 321-328.
10. Macfarlane PW, Coleman EN, Pomphrey EO, McLaughlin S, Houston A, Aitchison T. Normal limits of the high-fidelity paediatric electrocardiogram. Preliminary observations. J Electrocardiol 1989; 22 (Suppl): 162-168.
11. Bailey JJ, Berson AS, Garson A Jr, et al. Recommendations for standardization and specifications in automated electrocardiography: bandwidth and digital signal processing. A report for health professionals by an ad hoc writing group of the Committee on Electrocardiography and Cardiac Electrophysiology of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation 1990; 81: 730-739.
12. Stramba-Badiale M, Lazzarotti M, Schwartz PJ. Development of cardiac innervation, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden infant death syndrome. Am J Physiol 1992; 263: H1514-H1522.
13. Thomaidis C, Varlamis G, Karamperis S. Comparative study of the electrocardiograms of healthy full term and premature newborns. Acta Paediatr Scand 1988; 77: 653-657.
14. Stramba-Badiale M, Spagnolo D, Bosi G, Schwartz PJ. Are gender differences in QTc present at birth? MISNES Investigators. Multicenter Italian Study on Neonatal Electrocardiography and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 1277-1278.
15. Schwartz PJ, Montemerlo M, Facchini M, et al. The QT interval throughout the first 6 months of life: a prospective study. Circulation 1982; 66: 496-501.
16. Vincent GM. Heart rate of Romano-Ward syndrome patients. Am Heart J 1986; 112: 61-64.
17. Hofbeck M, Ulmer H, Beinder E, Sieber E, Singer H. Prenatal findings in patients with prolonged QT interval in the neonatal period. Heart 1997; 77: 198-204.
18. Ho SY, Fagg N, Anderson RH, Cook A, Allan L. Disposition of the AV conduction tissues in the heart with isomerism of the atrial appendages: its relation to congenital complete heart block. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20: 904-910.
19. Brucato A, Frassi M, Franceschini F, et al. Risk of congenital complete heart block in newborns of mothers with anti-Ro/SSA anti-bodies detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis: a prospective study of 100 women. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 1832-1835.
20. Buyon JP, Hiebert R, Copel J, et al. Autoimmune-associated congenital heart block: long term outcome of children and immunogenetic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31: 1658-1666.
21. Geggel RL, Tucker L, Szer I. Postnatal progression from second to third degree heart block in neonatal lupus syndrome. J Pediatr 1988; 113: 1049-1052.
22. Trippel DL, Parsons MK, Gillette PC. Infants with long-QT syndrome and 2:1 atrio-ventricular block. Am Heart J 1995; 130: 1130-1134.
23. Gorgels APM, Al Fadley F, Zaman L, Kantoch MJ, Al Halees Z. The long QT syndrome with impaired AV conduction: a malignant variant in infants. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1998; 9: 1225-1232.
24. Van Hare GF, Franz MR, Roge C, Scheinman MM. Persistent functional atrio-ventricular block in two patients with prolonged QT intervals: elucidation of the mechanism of block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1990; 13: 608-618.
25. Lupoglazoff JM, Cheav T, Baroudi G, et al. Homozygous SCN5A mutation in long QT syndrome with functional two-to-one AV block. Circ Res 2001; 89: e16-e21.
26. Villain E, Kachaner J, Le Bidois J, et al. Bloc auriculo-ventriculaire partiel et allongement de QT chez quatre prématurés recevant du diphémanil. Arch Fr Pediatr 1990; 47: 33-35.
27. Southall DP, Johnson AM, Shinebourne EA, Johnston PG, Vulliamy DG. Frequency and outcome of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction in a population of newborn infants. Paediatrics 1981; 68: 58-66.
28. Gnota JF, Samson RA. Left bundle branch block in infants with dilated cardiomyopathy conveys a poor prognosis. Cardiol Young 1999; 9: 55-57.
29. Stephan E, de Meeus A, Bouvagnet P. Hereditary bundle branch defect: right bundle branch blocks of different causes have different morphologic characteristics. Am Heart J 1997; 133: 249-256.
30. Brink PA, Ferreira A, Moolman JC, Weymar HW, van der Merwe PL, Corfield VA. Gene for progressive familial heart block type I maps to chromosome 19q13. Circulation 1995; 91: 1633-1640.
31. Ewing LL. Intraventricular conduction disturbances in children. Prog Pediatr Cardiol 1994; 4: 11-19.
32. Perry JC, Giuffre RM, Garson A. Clues to the electrocardiographic diagnosis of subtle Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Pediatr 1990; 117: 871-875.
33. Sorbo MD, Buja GF, Miorelli M, et al. The prevalence of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in a population of 116,542 young males. G Ital Cardiol 1995; 25: 681-687.
34. Munger TM, Packer DL, Hammill SC, et al. A population study of the natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in Olomsted County, Minnesota, 1953-1989. Circulation 1993; 87: 866-873.
35. Paul T, Guccione P, Garson A Jr. Relation of syncope in young patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome to rapid ventricular response during atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65: 318-321.
36. Deal BJ, Keane JF, Gillette PC, Garson A. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and supraventricular tachycardia during infancy: management and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 5: 130-135.
37. Perry JC, Garson A. Supraventricular tachycardia due to Wollf-Parkinson-White syndrome in children: early disappearance and late recurrence. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16: 1215-1220.
38. Saul JP, Walsh EP, Triedman JK. Mechanisms and therapy of complex arrhythmias in paediatric patients. J Cardiovasc Elecrrophysiol 1995; 6: 1129-1148.
39. Villain E, Bonnet D, Acar P, Aggoun Y, Sidi D, Kachaner J. Recommendations for the treatment of recurrent supraventricular tachycardia in infants. Arch Pediatr 1998; 5: 133-138.
40. Stramba-Badiale M, Nador F, Porta N, et al. QT interval prolongation and risk of life-threatening arrhythmias during toxoplasmosis prophylaxis with spiramycin in neonates. Am Heart J 1997; 133: 108-111.
41. Cimaz R, Stramba-Badiale M, Brucato A, Catelli L, Panzeri P, Meroni PL. QT interval prolongation in asymptomatic anti-SSA/Ro-positive infants without congenital heart block. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43: 1049-1053.
42. Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Napolitano C. The long QT syndrome. Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside. 3rd edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 2000: pp 597-615.
43. Priori SG, Napolitano C, Schwartz PJ. Low penetrance in the long QT syndrome. Clinical impact. Circulation 1999; 99: 529-533.
44. Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Dumaine R, et al. A molecular link between the sudden infant death syndrome and the long-QT syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 262-267.
45. Ackerman MJ, Siu BL, Sturner WQ, et al. Postmortem molecular analysis of SCN5A defects in sudden infant death syndrome. JAMA 2001; 286: 2264-2269.
46. Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Spazzolini C, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: gene-specific triggers for life threatening arrhythmias. Circulation 2001; 103: 89-95.
47. Garson A Jr, Dick M II, Fournier A, et al. The long QT syndrome in children. An international study of 287 patients. Circulation 1993; 87: 1866-1872.
48. Malfatto G, Beria G, Sala S, Bonazzi O, Schwartz PJ. Quantitative analysis of T wave abnormalities and their prognostic implications in the idiopathic long QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23: 296-301.
49. Villain E, Levy M, Kachaner J, Garson A Jr. Prolonged QT interval in neonates: benign, transient, or prolonged risk of sudden death. Am Heart J 1992; 124: 194-197.
50. Brugada J, Brugada R, Brugada P. Right bundle-branch block and ST-segment elevation in leads V1 through V3: a marker for sudden death in patients without demonstrable structural heart disease. Circulation 1998; 97: 457-460.
51. Priori SG, Napolitano C, Giordano U, Collisani G, Memmi M. Brugada syndrome and sudden cardiac death in children. Lancet 2000; 355: 808-809.
52. Suzuki H, Torigoe K, Numata O, Yazaki S. Infant case with a malignant form of Brugada Syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000; 11: 1277-1280.