Conservation of moisture in a hybrid Kuo-type cumulus parameterization

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 131, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 771-779

  Raymond, William H ^a   Aune, Robert M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b Office of Research and Applications   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; MOISTURE DETERMINATION; PARAMETER ESTIMATION; RAIN; WEATHER SATELLITES;

CUMULUS PROCESS;

WEATHER FORECASTING;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE; CUMULUS; PARAMETERIZATION;

CUMULUS CLOUD; FORECASTING; HUMIDITY; MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION; WATER VAPOR; WEATHER;

EID: 0038660146     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0771:COMIAH>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Ackerman, S. A., and G. L. Stephens, 1987: The absorption of solar radiation by cloud droplets: An application of anomalous diffraction theory, J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1574-1588.
2. Anthes, R. A., 1977: A cumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 270-286.
3. Anthes, R. A., 1983: Regional models of the atmosphere in middle latitudes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1306-1335.
4. Arakawa, A., 1993: Closure assumptions in the cumulus parameterization problem. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models. Meteor. Monogr., No. 46. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-15.
5. Bates, J. J., X. Wu, and D. L. Jackson, 1996: Interannual variability of upper-troposphere water vapor band brightness temperature. J. Climate, 9, 427-438.
6. Black, T. L., 1994: The new NMC mesoscale Eta model: Description and forecast examples. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 265-278.
7. Del Genio, A. D., A. A. Lacis, and R. A. Ruedy, 1991: Simulation of the effect of a warmer climate on atmospheric humidity. Nature, 351, 382-385.
8. Del Genio, A. D., W. Kovari, and M.-S. Yao, 1994: Climatic implications of the seasonal variation of upper troposphere water vapour. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2701-2704.
9. Diak, G. R., D. Kim, M. S. Whipple, and X. Wu, 1992: Preparing for the AMSU. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1971-1984.
10. Eyre, J. R., 1991: A fast radiative transfer model for satellite sounding systems. ECMWF Tech Memo. 176, 28 pp. [Available online at http//www.ecmwf.int/library/homr.html.]
11. Gregory, D., 1995: The representation of moist convection in atmospheric models. Proc. Seminar on Parameterization of Subgrid Scale Physical Processes, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 77-113.
12. Gregory, D., and M. J. Miller, 1989: A numerical study of the parameterization of deep tropical convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 1209-1242.
13. Hanson, H. P., and V. E. Derr, 1987: Parameterization of radiative flux profiles within clouds. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 26, 1511-1521.
14. Hayden, C. M., G. S. Wade, and T. J. Schmit, 1996: Derived product imagery from GOES-8. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 153-162.
15. Johnson, R. H., 1976: The role of convective-scale precipitation downdrafts in cumulus and synoptic-scale interactions. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1890-1910.
16. Kondo, J., N. Saigusa, and S. Takeshi, 1990: A parameterization of evaporation from bare soil surfaces. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 385-389.
17. Krishnamurti, T. N., Y. Ramanathan, H.-L. Pan, R. J. Pasch, and J. Molinari, 1980: Cumulus parameterization and rainfall rates I. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 465-472.
18. Kuo, H. L., 1965: On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 40-63.
19. Kuo, H. L., 1974: Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1232-1240.
20. Kuo, H. L., and W. H. Raymond, 1980: A quasi-one-dimensional cumulus cloud model and parameterization of cumulus heating and mixing effects. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 991-1009.
21. Lee, T. J., and R. A. Pielke, 1992: Estimating the soil surface specific humidity. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 480-484.
22. Leslie, L. M., G. A. Mills, L. W. Logan, D. J. Gauntlett, G. A. Kelly, J. L. McGregor, and M. J. Manton, 1985: A high resolution primitive equation NWP model for operations and research. Aust. Meteor. Mag., 33, 11-35.
23. Lindzen, R. S., 1990a: Response. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 1465-1467.
24. Lindzen, R. S., 1990b: Some coolness concerning global warming. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 288-299.
25. Lindzen, R. S., 1991: Response to AMS policy statement on global climate change. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 515.
26. McGregor, J. L., L. M. Leslie, and D. J. Gauntlett, 1978: The ANMRC limited-area model: Consolidated formulation and operational results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 427-438.
27. McMillan, L. M., and H. E. Fleming, 1976: Atmospheric transmittance of an absorbing gas: A computational fast and accurate model for absorbing gases with constant mixing ratios in inhomogeneous atmospheres. Appl. Opt., 15, 358-363.
28. Menzel, W. P., D. P. Wylie, and K. I. Strabala. 1992: Seasonal and diurnal changes in cirrus clouds as seen in four years of observations with the VAS. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 370-385.
29. Mills, G. A., and R. S. Seaman, 1990: The BMRC regional data assimilation system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1217-1237.
30. Molinari, J., 1982: A method for calculating the effects of deep cumulus convection in numerical models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1527-1534.
31. Molinari, J., and T. Corsetti, 1985: Incorporation of cloud-scale and mesoscale downdrafts into a cumulus parameterization: Results of one- and three-dimensional integrations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 485-501.
32. Molinari, J., and M. Dudek, 1992: Parameterization of convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 326-344.
33. Naidu, P. S., 1996: Modern Spectrum Analysis of Time Series. CRC Press, 399 pp.
34. Orlanski, I., 1981: The quasi-hydrostatic approximation. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 572-582.
35. Perry, K. D., and P. V. Hobbs, 1996: Influence of isolated cumulus clouds on the humidity of their surroundings. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 159-174.
36. Raymond, D. J., and K. A. Emanuel, 1993: The Kuo cumulus parameterization. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models. Meteor. Monogr., No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 145-147.
37. Raymond, W. H., 1988: High-order low-pass implicit tangent filters for use in finite area calculations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2132-2141.
38. Raymond, W. H., 1999: Nonlocal turbulent mixing based on convective adjustment concepts (NTAC). Bound.-Layer Meteor., 92, 263-291.
39. Raymond, W. H., 2000: Moisture advection using relative humidity. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 2397-2408.
40. Raymond, W. H., and R. B. Stull, 1990: Application of transilient turbulence theory to mesoscale numerical weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 2471-2499.
41. Raymond, W. H., and R. M. Aune, 1998: Improved precipitation forecasts using parameterized feedbacks in a hydrostatic forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 693-710.
42. Raymond, W. H., and W. S. Olson, and G. Callan, 1995: Diabatic forcing and initialization with assimilation of cloud and rainwater in a forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 366-382.
43. Schneider, E. K., B. P. Kirtman, and R. S. Lindzen, 1999: Tropospheric water vapor and climate sensitively. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1649-1658.
44. Soden, B. J., 2000: Enlightening water vapor. Nature, 406, 247-248.
45. Soden, B. J., and R. Fu, 1995: A satellite analysis of deep convection, upper-tropospheric humidity, and the greenhouse effect. J. Climate, 8, 2333-2351.
46. Stephens, G. L., D. L. Jackson, and I. Wittmeyer, 1996: Global observations of upper-tropospheric water vapor derived from TOVS radiance data. J. Climate, 9, 305-326.
47. Sun, D.-Z., and R. S. Lindzen, 1993: Distribution of tropospheric water vapor. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1643-1660.
48. Sundqvist, H., E. Berge, and J. E. Kristjansson, 1989: Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1641-1659.
49. Treadon, R., 1993: The NMC Eta Model post processor: A documentation. NOAA Office Note 394, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 42 pp. [Available from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility. Wallops Island, VA 23337.]
50. Udelhofen, P. M., and D. L. Hartmann, 1995: Influence of tropical cloud systems on the relative humidity in the upper troposphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 7423-7440.
51. Weinreb, M. P., H. E. Fleming, L. M. McMillin, and A. C. Neuendorffer, 1981: Transmittance for the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder. NOAA Tech. Rep. NESS 85. 60 pp. [Available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.]