Age differences in the response of willow tits (Parus montanus) to conspecific alarm calls

Ethology

Volumn 109, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 501-509

  Rajala, Mari ^b   Rätti, Osmo ^c   Suhonen, Jukka ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ   (Finland)

^b University of Lapland ^*  (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LAPLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCE; ALARM SIGNAL; CONSPECIFIC; JUVENILE; MORTALITY; OVERWINTERING; PASSERINE; PREDATION; SURVIVAL;

FINLAND;

AVES; MAMMALIA; PARUS; PARUS MONTANUS; PASSERIFORMES; PICEA; SALIX;

EID: 0038646648     PISSN: 01791613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0310.2003.00890.x     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Alatalo, R. V. & Helle, P. 1990: Alarm calling by individual willow tits, Parus montanus. Anim. Behav. 40, 437-442.
2. Caraco, T., Martindale, S. & Pulliam, H. R. 1980: Avian flocking in the presence of a predator. Nature 285, 437-442.
3. Ekman, J. 1979: Coherence, composition and territories of winter social groups of the willow tit Parus montanus and the crested tit P. cristatus. Ornis Scand. 10, 56-68.
4. Ekman, J. 1984: Density-dependent seasonal mortality and population fluctuations of the temperate-zone willow tit (Parus montanus). J. Anim. Ecol. 53, 119-134.
5. Ekman, J. 1986: Tree use and predator vulnerability of wintering passerines. Ornis Scand. 17, 261-267.
6. Ekman, J. 1987: Exposure and time use in willow tit flocks: The cost of subordination. Anim. Behav. 35, 445-452.
7. Ekman, J. 1990: Alliances in winter flocks of willow tits; effects of rank on survival and reproductive success in male-female associations. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26, 239-245.
8. Ekman, J. B. & Askenmo, C. E. H. 1984: Social rank and habitat use in willow tit groups. Anim. Behav. 32, 508-514.
9. Ekman, J., Cederholm, G. & Askenmo, C. 1981: Spacing and survival in winter groups of willow tit Parus montanus and crested tit P. cristatus - a removal study. J. Anim. Ecol. 50, 1-9.
10. Elgar, M. A. 1989: Predator vigilance and group size in mammals and birds: a critical review of the empirical evidence. Biol. Rev. 64, 13-33.
11. Ficken, M. S. & Witkin, S. R. 1977: Responses of black-capped chickadee flocks to predators. Auk 94, 156-157.
12. Haftorn, S. 1993: Ontogeny of the vocal repertoire in the willow tit Parus montanus. Ornis Scand. 24, 267-289.
13. Hanson, M. T. & Coss, R. G. 2001: Age differences in the response of Californian ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) to conspecific alarm calls. Ethology 107, 259-275.
14. Hogstad, O. 1987: Social rank in winter flocks of willow tits Parus montanus. Ibis, 129, 1-9.
15. Hogstad, O. 1988a: Social rank and antipredator behaviour of willow tits Parus montanus in winter flocks. Ibis 130, 45-56.
16. Hogstad, O. 1988b: Rank-related resource access in winter flocks of willow tits Parus montanus. Ornis. Scand. 19, 169-174.
17. Hogstad, O. 1995: Alarm calling by willow tits, Parus montanus, as mate investment. Anim. Behav. 49, 221-225.
18. Jansson, C., Ekman, J. & von Brömssen, A. 1981: Winter mortality and food supply in tits Parus spp. Oikos 37, 313-322.
19. Klump, G. M. & Shalter, M. D. 1984: Acoustic behaviour of birds and mammals in the predator context, II. The functional significance and evolution of alarm signals. Z. Tierpsychol. 66, 206-226.
20. Koivula, K. & Orell, M. 1988: Social rank and winter survival in the willow tit Parus montanus. Ornis Fennica 65, 114-120.
21. Kullberg, C. 1995: Strategy of the pygmy owl while hunting avian and mammalian prey. Ornis Fennica 72, 72-78.
22. Kullberg, C. 1998: Spatial niche dynamics under predation risk in the willow tit Parus montanus. J. Avian Biol. 29, 235-240.
23. Laaksonen, M. & Lehikoinen, E. 1976: Age determination of willow and crested tits Parus montanus and P. cristatus. Ornis Fennica 53, 9-14.
24. Lahti, K., Orell, M., Rytkönen, S. & Koivula, K. 1998: Time and food dependence in willow tit winter survival. Ecology 79, 2904-2916.
25. Marler, P. 1955: Characteristics of some animal calls. Nature 176, 6-8.
26. Ramakrishnan, U. & Coss, R. G. 2000: Age differences in the responses to adult and juvenile alarm calls by bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). Ethology 106, 131-144.
27. Seyfarth, R. M., Cheney, D. L. & Marler, P. 1980: Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication. Science 210, 801-803.
28. Sherman, P. W. 1977: Nepotism and the evolution of alarm calls. Science 197, 1246-1253.
29. Suhonen, J. 1993a: Predation risk influences the use of foraging sites by tits. Ecology 74, 1197-1203.
30. Suhonen, J. 1993b: Risk of predation and foraging sites of individuals in mixed-species tit flocks. Anim. Behav. 45, 1193-1198.
31. Suhonen, J., Halonen, M. & Mappes, T. 1993: Predation risk and the organization of the Parus guild. Oikos 66, 94-100.
32. Zanette, L. & Ratcliffe, L. M. 1994: Social rank influences conspicuous behaviour of black-capped chickadees, Parus atricapillus. Anim. Behav. 48, 119-127.