Disorganized reasoning in Holocaust survivors

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

Volumn 72, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 194-203

  Sagi, Abraham ^a   Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H ^b   Joels, Tirtsa ^a   Scharf, Miri ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRIME; DISORIENTATION; EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; ISRAEL; MALE; MENTAL HEALTH; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE;

ADOLESCENT; AGED; CHILD; CULTURE; FEMALE; HOLOCAUST; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; JEWS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PILOT PROJECTS; PROBLEM SOLVING; QUESTIONNAIRES; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SURVIVORS;

EID: 0038638401     PISSN: 00029432     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.72.2.194     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Ainsworth, M. D. C., & Eichberg, D. (1991). Effects on infant-mother attachment of mothers' unresolved loss of an attachment figure or other traumatic experience. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 161-183). London: Routledge.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (1993). A psychometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview: Reliability and discriminant validity. Developmental Psychology, 29, 870-879.
4. Bar-On, D., Eland, J., Kleber, R. J., Krell, R., Moore, Y., Sagi, A., et al. (1998). Multigenerational perspectives of coping with the Holocaust experience: On the developmental sequelae of trauma across generations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2, 315-338.
5. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
6. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York: Basic Books.
7. Crowell, J. A., Waters, E., Treboux, D., O'Connor, E., Colon-Downs, C., Feider, O., et al. (1996). Discriminant validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Child Development, 67, 2584-2599.
8. Danieli, Y. (1981). Families of survivors of the Nazi Holocaust: Some short and long-term effects. In C. D. Spielberger, I. G. Sarason, & N. Milgram (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (Vol. 8, pp. 405-421). New York: Hemisphere.
9. Dasberg, H. (1987). Psychological distress of Holocaust survivors and offspring in Israel, forty years later: A review. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 24, 243-256.
10. Dor-Shav, N. K. (1978). On the long-range effects of concentration camp interment of Nazi victims. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1-11.
11. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
12. Frye, J. S., & Stockton, R. A. (1982). Discriminant analysis of PTSD among a group of Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 52-56.
13. George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1996). Adult Attachment Interview (3rd ed.). Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley.
14. Goldstein, G., Van Kammen, W., Shelly, C., Miller, D., & Van Kammen, D. (1987). Survivors of imprisonment in the Pacific Theater during World War II. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1210-1214.
15. Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 430-445.
16. Hesse, E. (1996). Discourse, memory, and the Adult Attachment Interview: A note with emphasis on the emerging cannot classify category. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 4-11.
17. Hesse, E. (1999). Unclassifiable and disorganized responses in the Adult Attachment Interview and in the infant Strange Situation procedure: Theoretical proposals and empirical findings. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
18. Keilson, H. (1992). Sequential traumatization in children. Jerusalem, Israel: Magnes.
19. Kestenberg, J. S. (1980). Psychoanalyses of children of survivors from the Holocaust: Case presentations and assessment. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 28, 775-804.
20. Kleber, R. J., Figely, C. R., & Gersons, B. P. R. (1995). Beyond trauma: Cultural and societal dimensions. New York: Plenum.
21. Klein, H. (1973). Children of the Holocaust: Mourning and bereavement. In E. Anthony & C. Koupernick (Eds.), The child and his family: The impact of disease and death (pp. 393-410). New York: Wiley.
22. Krell, R. (1993). Child survivors of the Holocaust: Strategies of adaptation. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 384-389.
23. Lamb, M. E. (1997). The role of the father in child development. New York: Wiley.
24. Leon, G. R., Butcher, J. N., Kleinman, M., Goldberg, A., & Almagor, M. (1981). Survivors of the Holocaust and their children: Current status and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 503-516.
25. Lifton, R. J. (1980). On the consciousness of the Holocaust. Psychohistory Review, 9, 3-22.
26. Main, M. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of attachment organization: Recent studies, changing methodologies and the concept of conditional strategies. Human Development, 33, 48-61.
27. Main, M., & Goldwyn, R. (1998). Adult attachment classification system. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley.
28. Main, M., & Hesse, E. (1990). The parents of insecure-disorganized/disoriented infants: Observations and speculations. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 161-184). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29. Main, M., & Morgan, H. (1996). Disorganization and disorientation in infant Strange Situation behavior: Phenotypic resemblance to dissociative states. In L. K. Michelson & W. J. Ray (Eds.), Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives (pp. 107-138). New York: Plenum.
30. Main, M., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Hesse, E. (1993, March). Unresolved/unclassifiable responses to the Adult Attachment Interview: Predictable from unresolved states and anomalous beliefs in the Berkeley-Leiden Adult Attachment Questionnaire. Paper presented at Adolescent attachment organization: Findings from the BLAAQ self-report inventory, and relations to absorption and dissociation. Symposium conducted at the 60th Anniversary Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, New Orleans, LA.
31. Mayseless, O., Sharabany, R., & Sagi, A. (1997). Attachment concerns of mothers as manifested in parental, spousal, and friendship relationships. Personal Relationships, 4, 255-269.
32. Niederland, W. G. (1968). Clinical observations on the "survivors syndrome": Symposium on psychic traumatization through social catastrophe. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 49, 313-315.
33. Parkes, C. M. (1991). Attachment, bonding and psychiatric problems after bereavement in adult life. In C. M. Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 268-292). London: Routledge.
34. Raphael, B. (1986). When disaster strikes: How individuals and communities cope with catastrophe. New York: Basic Books.
35. Reick, M., & Eitinger, L. (1983). Controlled psychodiagnostic studies of survivors of the Holocaust and their children. Israeli Journal of Psychiatry, 20, 312-324.
36. Sagi, A., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Scharf, M., Koren-Karie, N., Joels, T., & Mayseless, O. (1994). Stability and discriminant validity of the Adult Attachment Interview: A psychometric study. Developmental Psychology, 30, 771-777.
37. Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1995). Accommodation and attachment representations in young couples. Journal of Perxonality and Social Psychology, 12, 389-401.
38. Silver, R. L., & Wortman, C. B. (1980). Coping with undesirable events. In J. Garber & M. E. Seligman (Eds.), Human helplessness: Theory and application (pp. 279-340). New York: Academic Press.
39. Solomon, Z. (1998). Transgenerational effects of the Holocaust: The Israeli research perspective In Y. Danieli (Ed.), International handbook of multigenerational legacies of trauma (pp. 69-83). New York: Plenum.
40. Solomon, Z., Garb, R., Bleich, A., & Grupper, D. (1987). Reactivation of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 51-55.
41. Solomon, Z., Oppenheimer, B., Elizur, Y., & Waysman, M. (1990). Exposure to recurrent combat stress: Can successful coping in a second war heal combat-related PTSD from the past? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 4, 141-145.
42. Solomon, Z., & Prager, E. (1992). Elderly Israeli Holocaust survivors during the Persian Gulf War: A study of psychological distress. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1707-1710.
43. Thienes-Hontos, P., Watson, C. G., & Kucala, T. (1982). Stress-disorder symptoms in Vietnam and Korean War veterans. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 558-561.
44. Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (1995). Associations between adult attachment representations and parent-child attachment, parental responsiveness, and clinical status: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 387-403.
45. Wardi, D. (1990). The memorial candies: Dialogues with children of holocaust survivors. Jerusalem, Israel: Keter.