Complications of orthognathic surgery

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 229-242

  Bays, Robert A ^a   Bouloux, Gary F ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

AGE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; INFRAORBITAL NERVE; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; JAW MALFORMATION; LINGUAL NERVE; MALOCCLUSION; MANDIBLE RECONSTRUCTION; MAXILLA OSTEOTOMY; MOLAR TOOTH; NERVE LIGATION; NEUROPATHY; PATIENT EDUCATION; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; PREDICTION; RELAPSE; REVIEW; SURGICAL RISK; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SYMPTOM; TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER; TOOTH DISEASE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0038620294     PISSN: 10423699     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1042-3699(02)00098-5     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Guyatt G, Sackett D, Sinclair J, et al. Users' guide to the medical literature: IX. A method for grading health care recommendations. JAMA 1995;274:1800-4.
2. Blomqvist J, Alberius P, Isaksson S. Sensibility following sagittal split osteotomy in the mandible: a prospective clinical study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 102:325-33.
3. Jaaskelainen S, Peltola J, Lehtinen R. The mental nerve blink reflex in the diagnosis of lesions of the inferior alveolar nerve following orthognathic surgery of the mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996; 34:87-95.
4. Nishioka G, Zysset M, Van Sickels J. Neurosensory disturbance with rigid fixation of the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987;45: 20-6.
5. Schultze-Mosgau S, Krems H, Ott R, et al. A prospective electromyographic and computer-aided thermal sensitivity assessment of nerve lesions after sagittal split osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:128-39.
6. Westermark A, Bystedt H, Von Konow L. Inferior alveolar nerve function after mandibular osteotomies. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988;36:425-8.
7. Ylikontiola L, Kinnunen J, Oikarinen K. Comparison of different tests assessing neurosensory disturbances after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27:417-21.
8. Ylikontiola L, Kinnunen J, Oikarinen K. Factors affecting neurosensory disturbance after mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:1234-9.
9. Hall D, Chase D, Payor L. Evaluation and refinement of the intraoral vertical subcondylar osteotomy. J Oral Surg 1975;33:333-41.
10. Massey G, Chase D, Thomas P, et al. Intraoral oblique osteotomy of the mandibular ramus. J Oral Surg 1974; 32:755-9.
11. Tornes K. Extraoral and intraoral vertical subcondylar ramus osteotomy for correction of mandibular prognathism. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987;16:671-7.
12. Tuinzing D, Greebe R. Complications related to the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Int J Oral Surg 1985;14:319-24.
13. Zaytoun H, Phillips C, Terry B. Long-term neurosensory deficits following transoral vertical ramus and sagittal split osteotomies for mandibular prognathism. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;44:193-6.
14. Nishioka G, Mason M, Van Sickels J. Neurosensory disturbance associated with the anterior mandibular horizontal osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988; 46:107-10.
15. Posnick J, Al-Qattan M, Stepner N. Alteration in facial sensibility in adolescents following sagittal split and chin osteotomies of the mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg 1996;97:920-7.
16. Jacks S, Zuniga J, Turvey T, et al. A retrospective analysis of lingual nerve sensory changes after mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;56:700-4.
17. Bell W. Le Fort I osteotomy for correction of maxillary deformities. J Oral Surg 1975;33:412-26.
18. Bouloux G, Bays R. Neurosensory recovery after ligation of the descending palatine neurovascular bundle during Le Fort I osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:841-5.
19. Dodson T, Bays R, Neuenschwander M. Maxillary perfusion during Le Fort I osteotomy after ligation of the descending palatine artery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;55:51-5.
20. Bentley K, Head T, Aiello G. Antibiotic prophylaxis in orthognathic surgery: a 1-day versus 5-day regimen. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57:226-30.
21. Fridrich K, Partnoy B, Zeitler D. Prospective analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis for orthognathic surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1994;9:129-31.
22. Ruggles J, Hann J. Antibiotic prophylaxis in intraoral orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1984; 42:797-801.
23. Zijderveld S, Smeele L, Kostense P, et al. Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in orthognathic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57: 1403-6.
24. Martis C, Karabouta I. Infection after orthognathic surgery, with and without preventive antibiotics. Int J Oral Surg 1984;13:490-4.
25. Peterson L, Booth D. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in intraoral orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg 1976;34:1088-91.
26. Yrastorza J. Indications for antibiotics in orthognathic surgery. J Oral Surg 1976;34:514-6.
27. Abeloos J, De Clerq C, Neyt L. Skeletal stability following miniplate fixation after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;51:366-9.
28. Berger J, Pangrazio-Kulbersh V, Bacchus S, et al. Stability of bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy: rigid fixation versus transosseous wiring. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2000;118:397-403.
29. Dolce C, Van Sickels J, Bays R, et al. Skeletal stability after mandibular advancement with rigid versus wire fixation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58: 1219-27.
30. Hoffman G, Moloney F, Effeney D. The stability of facial advancement surgery (in the management of combined mid and lower dento-facial deficiency). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1994;22:86-94.
31. Lee J, Piecuch J. The sagittal ramus osteotomy: stability of fixation with internal miniplates. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;21:327-30.
32. Mobarak K, Espeland L, Krogstad O, et al. Mandibular advancement surgery in high angle and low angle class II patients: different long term skeletal responses. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001; 119:368-81.
33. Mommaerts M. Lag screw versus wire osteosynthesis in mandibular advancements. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1991;6:153-60.
34. Van Sickels J. A comparative study of bicortical screws and suspension wires versus bicortical screws in large mandibular advancements. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49:1293-6.
35. Watzke I, Turvey T, Phillips C, et al. Stability of mandibular advancement after sagittal osteotomy with screw or wire fixation: a comparative study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48:108-21.
36. Crawford J, Stoelinga P, Blijdorp P, et al. Stability after reoperation for progressive condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery: report of seven cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;52:460-6.
37. Hoppenreijs T, Stoelinga P, Grace K, et al. Long-term evaluation of patients with progressive condylar resorption following orthognathic surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;28:411-8.
38. Moore K, Gooris P, Stoelinga P. The contributing role of condylar resorption to skeletal relapse following mandibular advancement surgery: report of 5 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49:448-60.
39. Bouwman J, Kerstens H, Tuinzing D. Condylar resorption in orthognathic surgery: the role of intermaxillary fixation. Oral Surg 1994;78:138-41.
40. Cutbirth M, Van Sickels J, Thrash W. Condylar resorption after bicortical screw fixation of mandibular advancement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;56: 178-82.
41. De Clerq C, Neyt L, Mommaerts M, et al. Condylar resorption in orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1994;9: 233-40.
42. Merkx M, Van Damme P. Condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery: evaluation of treatment in 8 patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1994;22:53-8.
43. Greebe R, Tuinzing D. Overcorrection and relapse after the intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy: a one-year postoperative review of thirty-five patients. Oral Surg 1982;54:382-4.
44. Phillips C, Zaytoun H, Thomas P, et al. Skeletal alterations following TOVRO or BSSO procedures. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1986;1:203-13.
45. Proffit W, Phillips C, Dann C, et al. Stability after surgical-orthodontic correction of skeletal class III malocclusion. I. Mandibular setback. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1991;6:7-18.
46. Mobarak K, Krogstad O, Espeland L, et al. Long-term stability of mandibular setback surgery: a follow-up of 80 bilateral sagittal split osteotomy patients. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 2000;15:83-95.
47. Schatz J, Tsimas P. Cephalometric evaluation of surgical-orthodontic treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1995;10: 173-80.
48. Sorokolit C, Nanda R. Assessment of the stability of mandibular setback procedures with rigid fixation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48:817-22.
49. Bays R. Maxillary osteotomies utilizing the rigid adjustable pin (RAP) system: a review of 31 clinical cases. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1986;1: 275-97.
50. Egbert M, Hepworth B, Myall R, et al. Stability of Le Fort I osteotomy with maxillary advancement: a comparison of combined wire fixation and rigid fixation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;53:243-8.
51. Hoffman G, Moloney F. The stabilities of facial osteotomies. Part 5. Maxillary advancement with miniplate and screw fixation. Australas Dent J 1996;41: 21-7.
52. Krekmanov L, Lilja J, Ringqvist M. Maxillary osteotomies without postoperative intermaxillary fixation (anterior, superior and inferior repositioning of entire maxilla): a clinical and cephalometric study. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1989;23:125-32.
53. Louis P, Waite P, Austin R. Long-term skeletal stability after rigid fixation of Le Fort I osteotomies with advancements. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;22: 82-6.
54. Proffit W, Phillips C, Prewitt J, et al. Stability after surgical-orthodontic correction of skeletal class III malocclusion. II. Maxillary advancement. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1991;6:71-80.
55. Waite P, Tejera T, Anucul B. The stability of maxillary advancement using Le Fort I osteotomy with and without genial bone grafting. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;25:264-7.
56. Wardrop R, Wolford L. Maxillary stability following downgraft and/or advancement procedures with stabilization using rigid fixation and porous block hydroxyapatite implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989;47: 336-42.
57. Arpornmaeklong P, Heggie A. Anterior open-bite malocclusion: stability of maxillary repositioning using rigid internal fixation. Australas Orthod J 2000;16:69-81.
58. Hennes J, Wallen T, Bloomquist D, et al. Stability of simultaneous mobilization of the maxilla and mandible utilizing internal rigid fixation. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1988;3:127-41.
59. Hoppenreijs T, Freihofer H, Stoelinga P, et al. Skeletal and dento-alveolar stability of Le Fort I intrusion osteotomies and bimaxillary osteotomies in anterior open bite deformities: a retrospective three-centre study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;26:161-75.
60. Denison T, Kokich V, Shapiro P. Stability of maxillary surgery in openbite versus nonopenbite malocclusions. Angle Orthod 1989;59:5-10.
61. Perez M, Sameshima G, Sinclair P. The long-term stability of Le Fort I maxillary downgrafts with rigid fixation to correct vertical maxillary deficiency. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;112:104-8.
62. Proffit W, Phillips C, Turvey T. Stability after surgical-orthodontic correction of skeletal class III malocclusion. III. Combined maxillary and mandibular procedures. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1991; 6:211-25.
63. Wagner S, Reyneke J. The Le Fort I downsliding osteotomy: a study of long-term hard tissue stability. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 2000;15:37-49.
64. Bays R, Hegtvedt A, Timmis D. Maxillary orthognathic surgery. In: Peterson LJ, Indresano AT, Marciani RD, Roser SM, editors. Principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippencott; 1992. p. 1349-99.
65. Bays R, Greco J. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: an outpatient technique with long-term stability. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;50:110-3.
66. Pogrel M, Kaban L, Vargervik K, et al. Surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion in adults. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1992;7:37-41.
67. Stromberg C, Holm J. Surgically assisted, rapid maxillary expansion in adults: a retrospective long-term follow-up study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1995;23: 222-7.
68. Phillips C, Medland W, Fields H, et al. Stability of surgical maxillary expansion. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 1992;7:139-46.
69. Carroll W, Haug R, Bissada N, et al. The effects of the Le Fort I osteotomy on the periodontium. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1992;50:128-32.
70. Dorfman H, Turvey T. Alterations in osseous crestal height following interdental osteotomies. Oral Surg 1979;48:120-5.
71. Kwon H, Pihlstrom B, Waite D. Effects on the periodontium of vertical bone cutting for segmental osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1985;43:952-5.
72. Mordenfeld A, Andersson L. Periodontal and pulpal condition of the central incisors after midline osteotomy of the maxilla. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57: 523-9.
73. Morgan T, Fridrich K. Effects of the multiple-piece maxillary osteotomy on the periodontium. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 2001;16:255-65.
74. Mehra P, Castro V, Freitas R, et al. Complications of the mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy associated with the presence or absence of third molars. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59:854-8.
75. Precious D, Lung K, Pynn B, et al. Presence of impacted teeth as a determining factor of unfavorable splits in 1256 sagittal-split osteotomies. Oral Surg 1998;85:362-5.
76. Reyneke J, Tsakiris P, Becker P. Age as a factor in the complication rate after removal of unerupted/impacted third molars at the time of mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;60: 654-9.
77. De Clerq C, Abeloos J, Mommaerts M, et al. Temporomandibular joint symptoms in an orthognathic surgery population. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1995; 23:195-9.
78. Egermark I, Blomqvist J, Cromvik U, et al. Temporomandibular dysfunction in patients treated with orthodontics in combination with orthognathic surgery. Eur J Orthod 2000;22:537-44.
79. Hu J, Wang D, Zou S. Effects of mandibular setback on the temporomandibular joint: a comparison of oblique and sagittal split ramus osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:375-80.
80. Onizawa K, Schmelzeisen R, Vogt S. Alteration of temporomandibular joint symptoms after orthognathic surgery: comparison with healthy volunteers. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;53:117-21.
81. Panula K, Somppi M, Finne K, et al. Effects of orthognathic surgery on temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a controlled prospective 4-year follow-up study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;29:183-7.
82. Smith V, Williams B, Stapleford R. Rigid internal fixation and the effects on the temporomandibular joint and masticatory system: a prospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;102:491-500.
83. Timmis D, Aragon S, Van Sickels J. Masticatory dysfunction with rigid and nonrigid osteosynthesis of sagittal split osteotomies. Oral Surg 1986;62: 119-23.
84. Westermark A, Shayeghi F, Thor A. Temporomandibular dysfunction in 1516 patients before and after orthognathic surgery. Int J Adult Orthod Orthogn Surg 2001;16:145-51.
85. Lanigan D, West R. Hemorrhage following mandibular osteotomies: a report of cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49:713-24.
86. Lanigan D, West R. Aseptic necrosis of the mandible: report of two cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48: 296-300.
87. De Vries K, Devriese P, Hovinga J, et al. Facial palsy after sagittal split osteotomies: a survey of 1747 sagittal split osteotomies. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1993; 21:50-3.
88. Lanigan D, Romanchuk K, Olson C. Ophthalmic complications associated with orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;51:480-94.
89. Shoshani Y, Samet N, Ardekian L, et al. Nasolacrimal duct injury after Le Fort I osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994;52:406-7.
90. Lanigan D, Hey J, West R. Major vascular complications of orthognathic surgery: hemorrhage associated with Le Fort I osteotomies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48:561-73.
91. Lanigan D, Hey J, West R. Major vascular complications of orthognathic surgery: false aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas following orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49:571-7.
92. Li K, Meara J, Rubin OP. Orbital compartment syndrome following orthognathic surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;53:964-8.
93. Lanigan D, Hey J, West R. Aseptic necrosis following maxillary osteotomies: report of 36 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48:142-56.
94. Smith K, Heggie A. Vomero-sphenoidal disarticulation during the Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy: report of case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;53:465-7.
95. Carr R, Gilbert P. Isolated partial third nerve palsy following Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in a patient with cleft lip and palate. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;24:206-11.
96. Bell C, Thrash W, Zysset M. Incidence of maxillary sinusitis following Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986;44:100-3.
97. Lanigan D, Mintz S. Complications of surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: review of the literature and report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002;60: 104-10.
98. Gaukroger M. Dysphagia following bimaxillary osteotomy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;31:189-90.
99. Nagler R, Peled M, Laufer D. Prolonged dysphagia after orthognathic surgery: report of a case and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;54: 523-5.
100. Piecuch J, West R. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with orthognathic surgery. Oral Surg 1979; 48:506-8.