Unusual pyramidal ice in the atmosphere as the origin of elliptical halos

Applied Optics

Volumn 38, Issue 24, 1999, Pages 5089-5095

  Sillanpää, Mika ^a   Moilanen, Jarmo ^b   Pekkola, Marko ^b   Penttinen, Martti ^b   Piikki, Jari ^b  

^a AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

^b Tahtitieteellinen yhdistys Ursa ry   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038616142     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.38.005089     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. W. Tape, Atmospheric Halos (American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 1994).
2. R. G. Greenler, Rainbows, Halos, and Glories (Cambridge U. Press, New York, 1980).
3. D. K. Lynch and W. Livingston, Color and Light in Nature (Cambridge U. Press, New York, 1995).
4. M. Pekkola, “Arvoituksellinen Hissinkin halo,” Tahdet ja Ava-ruus 18, 60-63 (1988).
5. J. Hakumaki and M. Pekkola, “Rare vertically elliptical halos,” Weather 44, 466-473 (1989).
6. C. M. Broomall, “Lunar halo,” Science 13, 327 (1901).
7. E. Trankle and M. Riikonen, “Elliptical halos, Bottlinger’s rings, and the ice-plate snow-star transition,” Appl. Opt. 35, 4871-4878 (1996).
8. C. F. Bottlinger, “Uber eine interessante optische Erscheinung bei einer Ballonfahrt,” Meteorol. Z. 27, 74-75 (1910).
9. D. K. Lynch, S. D. Gedzelman, and A. B. Fraser, “Subsuns, Bottlinger’s rings, and elliptical halos,” Appl. Opt. 21, 4580-4589 (1994).
10. S. W. Visser, Optische verschijnselen aan de hemel (Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Institut s’Gravenhage, The Netherlands, 1957).
11. M. Pekkola, “Finnish Halo Observing Network: search for rare halo phenomena,” Appl. Opt. 30, 3542-3544 (1991).
12. M. Riikonen and J. Ruoskanen, “Observations of vertically elliptical halos,” Appl. Opt. 33, 4537-4538 (1994).
13. M. Sillanpaa and M. Pekkola, “Ellipsihalojen selitys nakopi-irissa,” Tahdet ja Avaruus 27, 40-41 (1997).
14. W. Tape, “Some ice crystals that made halos,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73, 1641-1644 (1983).
15. F. Pattloch and E. Trankle, “Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of halo phenomena,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 520-526 (1984).
16. E. Trankle and R. G. Greenler, “Multiple scattering effects in halo phenomena,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 591-599 (1987).
17. R. A. R. Tricker, “Arcs associated with halos of unusual radii,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 1093-1100 (1979).