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For a first isolation of the chiral ammonium salt of quinuclidine, see: M. Abdul-Ghani, R. E. Banks, M. K. Besheesh, I. Sharif, R. G. Syvret, J. Fluorine Chem. 1995, 73, 255-257.
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0035925178
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Lectka and co-workers have recently described an impressive asymmetric α-chlorination reaction (up to 99% ee) in which the stereoselective step relies on only a catalytic amount of cinchona alkaloid: H. Wack, A. E. Taggi, A. M. Hafez, W. J. Drury III, T. Lectka, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 1531-1532.
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0342861145
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note
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c) apparently, ARO with other halide sources also does not proceed with high enantiosdectivity (ref. [17a]).
-
-
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-
33
-
-
0342861144
-
-
note
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a) Formation of competing nucleophiles might be prevented by use of fluorinated chiral Lewis acid catalysts:
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35
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0001738097
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L. Hintermann, A. Togni, Angew. Chem. 2000, 112, 4530-4533; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 4359-4362.
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37
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0343296056
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note
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TADDOL = 2.2-dimethyl-α,α,α′,α′-tetraaryl-1,3- dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol.
-
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-
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38
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4344711556
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Ed.: T. Lindberg, Academic Press, San Diego.
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a) S. Shambayati, S. L. Schreiber, J. A. Ragau, R. F. Standaert in Strategies and Tactics in Organic Synthesis, Vol. 3 (Ed.: T. Lindberg), Academic Press, San Diego. 1991, pp. 417-461;
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Shambayati, S.1
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84955394357
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Lewis Acids in Organic Synthesis
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40
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0033790769
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The related reactions regarding chlorination and bromination have also been described: L. Hintermann, A. Togni, Helv. Chim. Acta 2000, 83, 2425-2435.
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Helv. Chim. Acta
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Hintermann, L.1
Togni, A.2
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41
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0000563472
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For a complementary approach of enantioselective enolization by aid of chiral amide base and subsequent fluorination with achiral 4, see: A. Armstrong, B. R. Hayter, Chem. Commun. 1998, 621-622.
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Armstrong, A.1
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