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1
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12444293427
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Les personnes
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Brussels: Larcier
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For the references, see François Rigaux, Les Personnes, vol, 1 of Les relations familiales (Brussels: Larcier, 1971), nos. 1333-60.
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(1971)
Les Relations Familiales
, vol.1
, Issue.1333-1360
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Rigaux, F.1
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2
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12444269662
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Hyde v. Hyde, LR 1 P and M 130 (divorce court) (1866)
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Hyde v. Hyde, LR 1 P and M 130 (divorce court) (1866). Later on, Nachimson v. Nachimson, P 217 (AC) (1930); Argyll v. Argyll, 1 Ch 302, 322 (1967). Comp. on the customary union concluded in China after May 1931: Chan Shin Sui Ping v. Chan Ding Tsang, HKLR 283 (1958). The same notion of Christian marriage is also paramount in the United States: Reynolds v. United States, 98 US 145 (1878); Davis v. Beason, 133 US 333, 343 (1890).
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3
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12444329402
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Later on, Nachimson v. Nachimson, P 217 (AC) (1930)
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Hyde v. Hyde, LR 1 P and M 130 (divorce court) (1866). Later on, Nachimson v. Nachimson, P 217 (AC) (1930); Argyll v. Argyll, 1 Ch 302, 322 (1967). Comp. on the customary union concluded in China after May 1931: Chan Shin Sui Ping v. Chan Ding Tsang, HKLR 283 (1958). The same notion of Christian marriage is also paramount in the United States: Reynolds v. United States, 98 US 145 (1878); Davis v. Beason, 133 US 333, 343 (1890).
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-
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4
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12444260299
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Argyll v. Argyll, 1 Ch 302, 322 (1967)
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Hyde v. Hyde, LR 1 P and M 130 (divorce court) (1866). Later on, Nachimson v. Nachimson, P 217 (AC) (1930); Argyll v. Argyll, 1 Ch 302, 322 (1967). Comp. on the customary union concluded in China after May 1931: Chan Shin Sui Ping v. Chan Ding Tsang, HKLR 283 (1958). The same notion of Christian marriage is also paramount in the United States: Reynolds v. United States, 98 US 145 (1878); Davis v. Beason, 133 US 333, 343 (1890).
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5
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12444307106
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HKLR 283
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Hyde v. Hyde, LR 1 P and M 130 (divorce court) (1866). Later on, Nachimson v. Nachimson, P 217 (AC) (1930); Argyll v. Argyll, 1 Ch 302, 322 (1967). Comp. on the customary union concluded in China after May 1931: Chan Shin Sui Ping v. Chan Ding Tsang, HKLR 283 (1958). The same notion of Christian marriage is also paramount in the United States: Reynolds v. United States, 98 US 145 (1878); Davis v. Beason, 133 US 333, 343 (1890).
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(1958)
Comp. on the Customary Union Concluded in China after May 1931: Chan Shin Sui Ping v. Chan Ding Tsang
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6
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12444305027
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98 US 145
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Hyde v. Hyde, LR 1 P and M 130 (divorce court) (1866). Later on, Nachimson v. Nachimson, P 217 (AC) (1930); Argyll v. Argyll, 1 Ch 302, 322 (1967). Comp. on the customary union concluded in China after May 1931: Chan Shin Sui Ping v. Chan Ding Tsang, HKLR 283 (1958). The same notion of Christian marriage is also paramount in the United States: Reynolds v. United States, 98 US 145 (1878); Davis v. Beason, 133 US 333, 343 (1890).
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(1878)
The Same Notion of Christian Marriage is also Paramount in the United States: Reynolds v. United States
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7
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12444342682
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Davis v. Beason, 133 US 333, 343 (1890)
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Hyde v. Hyde, LR 1 P and M 130 (divorce court) (1866). Later on, Nachimson v. Nachimson, P 217 (AC) (1930); Argyll v. Argyll, 1 Ch 302, 322 (1967). Comp. on the customary union concluded in China after May 1931: Chan Shin Sui Ping v. Chan Ding Tsang, HKLR 283 (1958). The same notion of Christian marriage is also paramount in the United States: Reynolds v. United States, 98 US 145 (1878); Davis v. Beason, 133 US 333, 343 (1890).
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8
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12444290183
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BverfG, July 29
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BverfG, July 29, 1959, BVerfGE 10, 59, 66.
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(1959)
BVerfGE
, vol.10
, pp. 59
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10
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12444273328
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October 19
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Hoge Raad, October 19, 1990, Nederl. Jurisp. (1992), no. 129.
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(1990)
Nederl. Jurisp.
, Issue.129
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Raad, H.1
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11
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12444336519
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Layland v. Ontario, OJ 375 (Div. Ct.) (1993)
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Layland v. Ontario, OJ 375 (Div. Ct.) (1993); Canada (AG) v. Mossop, SCJ 20 (1993).
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12
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12444252585
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Canada (AG) v. Mossop, SCJ 20 (1993)
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Layland v. Ontario, OJ 375 (Div. Ct.) (1993); Canada (AG) v. Mossop, SCJ 20 (1993).
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13
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12444257027
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Since Baker v. Nelson, 191 NW 2d 185 (Minn. 1971), appeal dismissed, 409 US 810 (1973), to Dean and Gill v. District of Columbia, 21 Family LR 2001 (1995)
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Since Baker v. Nelson, 191 NW 2d 185 (Minn. 1971), appeal dismissed, 409 US 810 (1973), to Dean and Gill v. District of Columbia, 21 Family LR 2001 (1995).
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14
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12444341504
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October 19, 1990, above note 5
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Hoge Raad, October 19, 1990, above note 5.
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Raad, H.1
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15
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12444267460
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BVerfG, above, note 4
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BVerfG, above, note 4.
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17
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12444256043
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Baker v. Nelson, above note 7, at 186
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Baker v. Nelson, above note 7, at 186.
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18
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12444321579
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Adams v. Hoverton, 486 F Supp. 1119 (CD Cal. 1980), at 1123, aff'd, 673 F 2d 1036 (9th Cir.), certiorari denied, 458 US 1111 (1982)
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Adams v. Hoverton, 486 F Supp. 1119 (CD Cal. 1980), at 1123, aff'd, 673 F 2d 1036 (9th Cir.), certiorari denied, 458 US 1111 (1982).
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19
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12444338510
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Montréal: Les Editions Thémis; Brussels: Bruylant
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See, for instance, Andrée Lajoie, Roderick A. MacDonald, Richard Janda, and Guy Rocher, eds., Théories et émergence du droit: pluralisme, surdétermination et effectivité (Montréal: Les Editions Thémis; Brussels: Bruylant, 1998).
-
(1998)
Théories et Émergence du Droit: Pluralisme, Surdétermination et Effectivité
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Lajoie, A.1
MacDonald, R.A.2
Janda, R.3
Rocher, G.4
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20
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12444259345
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Rees v. United Kingdom, EHRR 56 (1987)
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Rees v. United Kingdom, EHRR 56 (1987). That decision was undoubtedly influenced by a former English case, Corbett v. Corbett, P 83 (1971). It was reiterated in Cossey v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 184 (1990); B. v. France, 16 EHRR 1 (1992).
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21
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12444252584
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That decision was undoubtedly influenced by a former English case, Corbett v. Corbett, P 83 (1971)
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Rees v. United Kingdom, EHRR 56 (1987). That decision was undoubtedly influenced by a former English case, Corbett v. Corbett, P 83 (1971). It was reiterated in Cossey v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 184 (1990); B. v. France, 16 EHRR 1 (1992).
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22
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12444254824
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It was reiterated in Cossey v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 184 (1990)
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Rees v. United Kingdom, EHRR 56 (1987). That decision was undoubtedly influenced by a former English case, Corbett v. Corbett, P 83 (1971). It was reiterated in Cossey v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 184 (1990); B. v. France, 16 EHRR 1 (1992).
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23
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12444273327
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B. v. France, 16 EHRR 1 (1992)
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Rees v. United Kingdom, EHRR 56 (1987). That decision was undoubtedly influenced by a former English case, Corbett v. Corbett, P 83 (1971). It was reiterated in Cossey v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 184 (1990); B. v. France, 16 EHRR 1 (1992).
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24
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0002199209
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Berlin: Leipzig
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Magnus Hirschfeld, Berlins drittes Geschlecht (Berlin: Leipzig, 1904), French translation: Le troisième sexe. Les homosexuels de Berlin (Paris: Roussel, 1908). Marcel Proust took notice of Hirschfeld's doctrine and adhered to it.
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(1904)
Berlins Drittes Geschlecht
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Hirschfeld, M.1
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25
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4244157198
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French translation (Paris: Roussel)
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Magnus Hirschfeld, Berlins drittes Geschlecht (Berlin: Leipzig, 1904), French translation: Le troisième sexe. Les homosexuels de Berlin (Paris: Roussel, 1908). Marcel Proust took notice of Hirschfeld's doctrine and adhered to it.
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(1908)
Le Troisième Sexe. Les Homosexuels de Berlin
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26
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12444257003
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Universiteit Gent, Gandaius: Kluwer
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For more developments, see François Rigaux, Plaisir, interdits et pouvoir, Une analyse des discriminations fondées sur le sexe, l'orientation sexuelle et la race (Universiteit Gent, Gandaius: Kluwer, 2000).
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(2000)
Plaisir, Interdits et Pouvoir, Une Analyse des Discriminations Fondées sur le Sexe, l'Orientation Sexuelle et la Race
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Rigaux, F.1
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27
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12444282323
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note
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Those three notions encompass different attitudes, which will not be distinguished in the present context.
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28
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5844400421
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III, 3, VII, 6, XVI, 18, XXIV, 32
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St. Augustine, De bono coniugali (401), III, 3, VII, 6, XVI, 18, XXIV, 32.
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De Bono Coniugali (401)
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Augustine, St.1
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29
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12444275253
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Bowers v. Hardwick, CJ Burger concurring, 478 US 186 (1986), at 197
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Bowers v. Hardwick, CJ Burger concurring, 478 US 186 (1986), at 197. The text of Blackstone appears in its Commentaries of the Laws of England (1st ed. 1765-1769, 14th ed. with the last corrections of the author) (London: Straham, 1803), bk. IV, chap. 15, III-IV, pp. 215-16.
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30
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12444307908
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(1st ed. 1765-1769, 14th ed. with the last corrections of the author) (London: Straham), bk. IV, chap. 15, III-IV
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Bowers v. Hardwick, CJ Burger concurring, 478 US 186 (1986), at 197. The text of Blackstone appears in its Commentaries of the Laws of England (1st ed. 1765-1769, 14th ed. with the last corrections of the author) (London: Straham, 1803), bk. IV, chap. 15, III-IV, pp. 215-16.
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(1803)
Commentaries of the Laws of England
, pp. 215-216
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31
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12444331602
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Dudgeon v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 45 (judgment of October 22, 1981)
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Dudgeon v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 45 (judgment of October 22, 1981); Norris v. Ireland, series A, no. 142 (judgment of October 22, 1988); Modinos v. Cyprus, series A, no. 259 (judgment of April 22, 1993).
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32
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12444338509
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Norris v. Ireland, series A, no. 142 (judgment of October 22, 1988)
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Dudgeon v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 45 (judgment of October 22, 1981); Norris v. Ireland, series A, no. 142 (judgment of October 22, 1988); Modinos v. Cyprus, series A, no. 259 (judgment of April 22, 1993).
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33
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12444262916
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Modinos v. Cyprus, series A, no. 259 (judgment of April 22, 1993)
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Dudgeon v. United Kingdom, series A, no. 45 (judgment of October 22, 1981); Norris v. Ireland, series A, no. 142 (judgment of October 22, 1988); Modinos v. Cyprus, series A, no. 259 (judgment of April 22, 1993).
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34
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12444284636
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BGH, December 14, 1994
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BGH, December 14, 1994, FamRZ 1995, 344, 345. See also BverfG, November 17, 1992, BVerfGE 87, 234, 264-67.
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(1995)
FamRZ
, pp. 344
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35
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12444340463
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See also BverfG, November 17
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BGH, December 14, 1994, FamRZ 1995, 344, 345. See also BverfG, November 17, 1992, BVerfGE 87, 234, 264-67.
-
(1992)
BVerfGE
, vol.87
, pp. 234
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-
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36
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12444263899
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CJEC, 17 February 1998, case C-249/96, Grant and South-West Trains Ltd., Reports I-636. The case was decided against the conclusions of Advocate General Michael B. Elmer
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CJEC, 17 February 1998, case C-249/96, Grant and South-West Trains Ltd., Reports I-636. The case was decided against the conclusions of Advocate General Michael B. Elmer.
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37
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12444287615
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Die registrierung homosexueller partnerschaften in Dänemark
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See Andreas Wacke, "Die Registrierung homosexueller Partnerschaften in Dänemark," Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht (1990): 347-51; Linda Nielsen, "Family Rights and the 'Registred Partnership' in Denmark," International Journal of Law and the Family 4 (1990): 297-307; Deborah M. Henson, "A Comparative Analysis of Same-Sex Partnership Protection: Recommendation for American Reform," International Journal of Law and the Family 7 (1993): 282-313.
-
(1990)
Zeitschrift für das Gesamte Familienrecht
, pp. 347-351
-
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Wacke, A.1
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38
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84929227642
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Family rights and the 'registred partnership' in Denmark
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See Andreas Wacke, "Die Registrierung homosexueller Partnerschaften in Dänemark," Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht (1990): 347-51; Linda Nielsen, "Family Rights and the 'Registred Partnership' in Denmark," International Journal of Law and the Family 4 (1990): 297-307; Deborah M. Henson, "A Comparative Analysis of Same-Sex Partnership Protection: Recommendation for American Reform," International Journal of Law and the Family 7 (1993): 282-313.
-
(1990)
International Journal of Law and the Family
, vol.4
, pp. 297-307
-
-
Nielsen, L.1
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39
-
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85055297833
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A comparative analysis of same-sex partnership protection: Recommendation for American reform
-
See Andreas Wacke, "Die Registrierung homosexueller Partnerschaften in Dänemark," Zeitschrift für das gesamte Familienrecht (1990): 347-51; Linda Nielsen, "Family Rights and the 'Registred Partnership' in Denmark," International Journal of Law and the Family 4 (1990): 297-307; Deborah M. Henson, "A Comparative Analysis of Same-Sex Partnership Protection: Recommendation for American Reform," International Journal of Law and the Family 7 (1993): 282-313.
-
(1993)
International Journal of Law and the Family
, vol.7
, pp. 282-313
-
-
Henson, D.M.1
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40
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12444305026
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Paris: Puf
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See Catherine Mecary and Gérard de la Pradelle, Les droits des homosexuels(les), 2d ed. (Paris: Puf, 1997), 107-12. For a broad survey of comparative law, see Caroline Forder and Silvana Lombardo, Civil Law Aspects of Emerging Forms of Registered Partnership (Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands, 1999); Jürgen Basedow, Klaus J. Hopt, Hein Kötz, and Peter Dopffel, eds., Die Rechtsstellung gleichgeschlechtlicher Lebensgemeinschaften (Tübingen: Mohr, 2000).
-
(1997)
Les Droits des Homosexuels(les), 2d Ed.
, pp. 107-112
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Mecary, C.1
De la Pradelle, G.2
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41
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12444249583
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Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands
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See Catherine Mecary and Gérard de la Pradelle, Les droits des homosexuels(les), 2d ed. (Paris: Puf, 1997), 107-12. For a broad survey of comparative law, see Caroline Forder and Silvana Lombardo, Civil Law Aspects of Emerging Forms of Registered Partnership (Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands, 1999); Jürgen Basedow, Klaus J. Hopt, Hein Kötz, and Peter Dopffel, eds., Die Rechtsstellung gleichgeschlechtlicher Lebensgemeinschaften (Tübingen: Mohr, 2000).
-
(1999)
Civil Law Aspects of Emerging Forms of Registered Partnership
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Forder, C.1
Lombardo, S.2
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42
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0038055454
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-
Tübingen: Mohr
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See Catherine Mecary and Gérard de la Pradelle, Les droits des homosexuels(les), 2d ed. (Paris: Puf, 1997), 107-12. For a broad survey of comparative law, see Caroline Forder and Silvana Lombardo, Civil Law Aspects of Emerging Forms of Registered Partnership (Ministry of Justice of the Netherlands, 1999); Jürgen Basedow, Klaus J. Hopt, Hein Kötz, and Peter Dopffel, eds., Die Rechtsstellung gleichgeschlechtlicher Lebensgemeinschaften (Tübingen: Mohr, 2000).
-
(2000)
Die Rechtsstellung Gleichgeschlechtlicher Lebensgemeinschaften
-
-
Basedow, J.1
Hopt, K.J.2
Kötz, H.3
Dopffel, P.4
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43
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12444272269
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Act of December 23, 1998, instituting legal cohabitation (instaurant la cohabitation légale), effective January 1, 2000. The new institution is inserted into articles 1475 and 1476 of the Civil Code
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Act of December 23, 1998, instituting legal cohabitation (instaurant la cohabitation légale), effective January 1, 2000. The new institution is inserted into articles 1475 and 1476 of the Civil Code.
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44
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12444266427
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Act no. 99-944 of November 15, 1999, concerning the civil covenant of solidarity (pacte civil de solidarité, known as PaCS), November 16
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Act no. 99-944 of November 15, 1999, concerning the civil covenant of solidarity (pacte civil de solidarité, known as PaCS), Journal officiel de la République française, no. 265, November 16, 1999, 16959.
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(1999)
Journal Officiel de la République Française
, Issue.265
, pp. 16959
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-
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45
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33846122872
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Denaturalizing and desexualizing lesbian and gay identity
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Cheshire Calloun, "Denaturalizing and Desexualizing Lesbian and Gay Identity," Virginia LR 79 (1993): 1859-75.
-
(1993)
Virginia LR
, vol.79
, pp. 1859-1875
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-
Calloun, C.1
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46
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12444330559
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BverfG, December 16
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BverfG, December 16, 1958, BVerfGE 9, 20, 32-33; November 17, 1992, BVerfGE 87, 234, 268-69.
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(1958)
BVerfGE
, vol.9
, pp. 20
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-
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47
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12444340463
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November 17
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BverfG, December 16, 1958, BVerfGE 9, 20, 32-33; November 17, 1992, BVerfGE 87, 234, 268-69.
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(1992)
BVerfGE
, vol.87
, pp. 234
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-
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48
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12444299641
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Contra in the case of transsexuals: ECHR
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April 22, X.Y.Z. vs. United Kingdom
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Contra in the case of transsexuals: ECHR, April 22, 1997, X.Y.Z. vs. United Kingdom, Revue trimestrielle des droits de l'homme, 1998, 117.
-
(1997)
Revue Trimestrielle des Droits de l'Homme
, pp. 117
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