Methodology for characterizing heat removal mechanism in human skin during cryogen spray cooling

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 493-504

  Pikkula, Brian M ^a   Tunnell, James W ^a   Anvari, Bahman ^a  

^a Rice University   (United States)

Author keywords

Dermatology; Heat flux; Interface thermal conductance; Laser therapy; Selective thermal injury; Skin; Thermal diffusivity

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; EVAPORATION; FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD; HEAT CONDUCTION; HEAT FLUX; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); LASER APPLICATIONS; PATIENT TREATMENT; SKIN; TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT;

CRYOGEN SPRAY COOLING; HEAT REMOVAL MECHANISM; HUMAN SKIN; SELECTIVE THERMAL INJURY; THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY;

DERMATOLOGY;

FLUORINATED HYDROCARBON; NORFLURANE; PROPELLANT;

ALGORITHM; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BURN; COLD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CRYOTHERAPY; EVALUATION; FREEZING; HEAT; HUMAN; INTRADERMAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SKIN; SKIN TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY; VALIDATION STUDY;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; AEROSOL PROPELLANTS; ALGORITHMS; ANIMALS; BURNS; COLD; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CRYOTHERAPY; FREEZING; HEAT; HUMANS; HYDROCARBONS, FLUORINATED; LASER THERAPY, LOW-LEVEL; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; SKIN; SKIN TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;

EID: 0038543264     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1114/1.1566448     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Aguilar, G., B. Majaron, K. Pope, L. O. Svaasand, E. J. Lavernia, and J. S. Nelson. Influence of nozzle-to-skin distance in cryogen spray cooling for dermatologic laser surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:113-120, 2001.
2. Aguilar, G., B. Majaron, W. Verkruysse, Y. Zhou, J. S. Nelson, and E. J. Lavernia. Theoretical and experimental analysis of droplet diameter, temperature, and evaporation rateevolution in cryogenic sprays. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 44:3201-3211, 2001.
3. Alexander, D. J., and S. E. Libretto. An overview of the toxicology of HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane). Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 14:715-720, 1995.
4. Altshuler, G. B., H. H. Zenzie, A. V. Erofeev, M. Z. Smirnov, R. R. Anderson, and C. Dierickx. Contact cooling of the skin. Phys. Med. Biol. 44:1003-1023, 1999.
5. Anderson, R. R., and J. A. Parrish. Selective photothermolysis: Precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation. Science 220:524-527, 1983.
6. Anvari, B., T. E. Milner, B. S. Tanenbaum, S. Kimel, L. O. Svaasand, and J. S. Nelson. Selective cooling of biological tissues: Application for thermally mediated therapeutic procedures, Phys. Med. Biol. 40:242-253, 1995.
7. Anvari, B., T. E. Milner, B. S. Tanenbaum, and J. S. Nelson, Comparative study of human skin thermal response to sapphire contact and cryogen spray cooling. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 45:934-941, 1998.
8. Anvari, B., B. J. ver Steeg, T. E. Milner, B. S. Tanenbaum, T. J. Klein, E. Gersten, S. Kimel, and J. S. Nelson. Cryogen spray cooling of human skin: Effects of ambient humidity level, spraying distance, and cryogen boiling point. Proc. SPIE 3192:106-110, 1997.
9. Ashinoff, R., and R. G. Geronemus, Treatment of a port-wine stain in a black patient with the pulsed dye laser. J. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol. 18:147-148, 1992.
10. Beck, J. V., B. Blackwell, and C. R. St. Clair, Jr. Inverse Heat Conduction: Ill-Posed Problems. New York: Wiley, 1985.
11. Buscher, B. A., T. O. McMeekin, and D. Goodwin. Treatment of leg telangiectasia by using a long-pulse dye laser at 595 nm with and without dynamic cooling device. Lasers Surg. Med. 27:171-175, 2000.
12. Chang, C. J., B. Anvari, and J. S. Nelson. Cryogen spray cooling for spatially selective photocoagulation of hemangiomas: A new methodology with preliminary clinical reports. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 112:459-463, 1998.
13. Chang, C. J., and J. S. Nelson, Cryogen spray cooling and higher fluence pulsed dye laser treatment improve port-wine stain clearance while minimizing epidermal damage. Dermatol. Surg. 11:767-772, 1999.
14. Choi, B., J. A. Pearce, and A. J. Welch. Modeling infrared temperature measurements: comparison of experimental results with simulations. Proc. SPIE 3914:48-53, 2000.
15. Chung, J. H., W. S. Koh, and J. I. Youn. Histological responses of port wine stains in brown skin after 578 nm copper vapor laser treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. 18:358-366, 1996.
16. Dover, J. S., and K. A. Arndt. New approaches to the treatment of vascular lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 26:158-163, 2000.
17. Duck, F. A. Physical Properties of Tissue. A Comprehensive Reference Book. London: Academic, 1990.
18. Greve, B., S. Hammes, and C. Raulin. The effect of cold air cooling on 585 nm pulsed dye treatment of port-wine stains. Am. Soc. Derm. Surg. 27:633-636, 2001.
19. Hernandez-Morales, B., J. K. Brimacombe, and E. B. Hawbolt. Characterization of the boundary condition in heat treatment operations using an inverse heat conduction algorithm. Proc. ASME Heat Transf. Div. 317:559-563, 1995.
20. Kelly, K. M., J. S. Nelson, G. P Lask, R. G. Geronemus, and L. J. Bernstein. Cryogen spray cooling in combination with nonablative laser treatment of facial rhytides. Arch. Dermatol. 135:691-694, 1999.
21. Lask, G., M. Elman, M. Slatkine, A. Waldman, and Z. Rozenberg. Laser-assisted hair removal by selective photothermolysis. Dermatol. Surg. 23:737-739, 1997.
22. Mehrotra, S. P., A. Chakravarty, and P. Singh. Determination of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient in a metal-metal system solving the inverse heat conduction problem. Steel Res. 68:201-208, 1997.
23. Nelson, J. S., and S. Kimel. Safety of cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser treatment of selected dermatoses. Lasers Surg. Med. 26:2-3, 2000.
24. Nelson, J. S., T. E. Milner, B. Anvari, B. S. Tanenbaum, S. Kimel, L. O. Svaasand, and S. L. Jacques. Dynamic epidermal cooling during pulsed laser treatment of port-wine stain. A new methodology with preliminary clinical evaluation. Arch. Dermatol. 131:695-700, 1995.
25. Nelson, J. S., T. E. Milner, B. Anvari, B. S. Tanenbaum, L. O. Svaasand, and S. Kimel. Dynamic epidermal cooling in conjunction with laser-induced photothermolysis of port wine stain blood vessels. Lasers Surg. Med. 19:224-229, 1996.
26. Niemz, M. H. Laser-Tissue Interactions. Berlin: Springer, 1996.
27. Osman, A. M., and J. V. Beck. Investigation of transient heat transfer coefficients in quenching experiments. Trans. ASME J. Heat Transf. 112:843-848, 1990.
28. Pikkula, B. M., Y. Domankevitz, and B. Anvari. Cryogen spray cooling: Effects of cryogen film on light transmission and heat removal. Proc. SPIE 4609:50-56, 2002.
29. Pikkula, B. M., J. M. Torres, J. W. Tunnell, and B. Anvari. Cryogen spray cooling: The effects of droplet size and spray density on heat removal. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:103-112, 2001.
30. Ross, E. V., F. P. Sajben, J. Hsia, D. Barnette, C. H. Hiller, and J. R. McKinlay. Nonablative skin remodeling: selective dermal heating with a midinfrared laser and contact cooling combination. Lasers Surg. Med. 26:186-195, 2000.
31. Taler, J. Theory of transient experimental techniques for surface heat transfer. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 39:3733-3748, 1996.
32. Torres, J. H., J. S. Nelson, B. S. Tanenbaum, T. E. Milner, D. M. Goldman, and B. Anvari. Estimation of internal skin temperatures in response to cryogen spray cooling: Implications for laser therapy of port wine stains. IEEE J. Spectrosc. Top. Quantum Electron. 5:1058-1066, 1999.
33. Torres, J. H., J. W. Tunnell, B. M. Pikkula, and B. Anvari, Cryogen spray cooling for dermatological laser therapy: Dynamics of cryogen deposition and effect of simultaneous airflow application. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:477-486, 2001.
34. Tunnell, J. W., D. Chang, C. Johnston, J. H. Torres, C. W. Patrick, M. J. Miller, S. L. Thomsen, and B. Anvari. In vivo study of epidermal protection by cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser irradiation at high radiant exposures. Proc. SPIE 4609:67-74, 2002.
35. Tunnell, J. W., J. H. Torres, and B. Anvari. Methodology for estimation of time-dependent surface heat flux due to cryogen spray cooling. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 30:19-33, 2002.
36. Tunnell, J. W., J. S. Nelson, J. H. Torres, and B. Anvari. Epidermal protection with cryogen spray cooling during high fluence pulsed dye laser irridation: An ex vivo study. Lasers Surg. Med. 27:373-383, 2000.
37. Valeria, B. C., C. C. Dierickx, W. A. Farinelli, D. L. Tai-Yuan, M. Woraphong, and R. R. Anderson, Ruby laser hair removal: Evaluation of long-term efficacy and side effects. Lasers Surg. Med. 26:177-185, 2000.
38. Verkruysse, W., B. Majaron, G. Aguilar, L. O. Svaasan, and J. S. Nelson. Dynamics of cryogen deposition relative to heat extraction rate during cryogen spray cooling. Proc. SPIE 3907:37-48, 2000.
39. Zenzie, H. H., G. B. Altshuler, M. Z. Smirnov, and R. R. Anderson. Evaluation of cooling methods for laser dermatology. Lasers Surg. Med. 26:130-144, 2000.