Xylazine does not induce retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of sexually rested boars

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A: Physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine

Volumn 50, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 160-163

  Martin, P A ^a   Pineda, M H ^a   Dooley, M P ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SUS SCROFA;

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; XYLAZINE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BLADDER; CYTOLOGY; DRUG EFFECT; EJACULATION; MALE; SPERMATOZOON COUNT; SPERMATOZOON MOTILITY; SWINE; URINE;

ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS; ANIMALS; EJACULATION; MALE; SPERM COUNT; SPERM MOTILITY; SWINE; URINARY BLADDER; URINE; XYLAZINE;

EID: 0038541610     PISSN: 0931184X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00518.x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Amann, R. P., 1970: Sperm production rates. In: Johnson, A. D., W. R. Gomes, and N. L. VanDemark (eds), The Testis, Vol. 1. pp. 433-482. Academic Press, New York.
2. Amann, R. P., 1981: A critical review of methods for evaluation of spermatogenesis from seminal characteristics. J. Androl. 2, 37-58.
3. Amann, R. P., and J. O. Almquist, 1962: Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls. VIII. Direct and indirect measurement of testicular sperm production. J. Dairy Sci. 45, 774-781.
4. Amann, R. P., J. F. Kavanaugh, L. C. Griel Jr., and J. K. Voglmayr, 1974: Sperm production of Holstein bulls determined from testicular spermatid reserves, after cannulation of rete testis or vas deferens, and by daily ejaculation. J. Dairy Sci. 57, 93-99.
5. Awrad, S. A., and J. W. Downie, 1976: The effect of adrenergic drugs and hypogastric nerve stimulation on the canine urethra. Invest. Urol. 13, 298-301.
6. Brading, A. F., 1999: The physiology of the mammalian urinary outflow tract. Exp. Physiol. 84, 215-221.
7. Dooley, M. P., M. H. Pineda, R. R. Maurer, and D. D. Lundstra, 1986: Evidence for retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of bulls during electroejaculation. Theriogenology 26, 101-109.
8. Dooley, M. P., M. H. Pineda, J. G. Hopper, and W. H. Hsu, 1990: Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs during ejaculation or after sedation with xylazine. Am. J. Vet. Res. 51, 1574-1579.
9. Dooley, M. P., M. H. Pineda, J. G. Hopper, and W. H. Hsu, 1991: Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of cats during electroejaculation, collection of semen with an artificial vagina, and mating. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52, 687-691.
10. Elbadawi, A., 1987: Comparative neuromorphology in animals. In: Torrens, M. and J. F. Morrison (eds), The Physiology of the Lower Urinary Tract, pp. 23-51. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
11. Frenette, M. D., M. P. Dooley, and M. H. Pineda, 1986: Effect of flushing the vasa deferentia at the time of vasectomy on the rate of clearance of spermatozoa from the ejaculates of dogs and cats. Am. J. Vet. Res. 47, 463-470.
12. Gebauer, M. R., B. W. Pickett, and E. E. Swierstra, 1974: Reproductive physiology of the stallion. II. Daily production and output of sperm. J. Anim. Sci. 39, 732-736.
13. Greene, S. A., and J. C. Thurmon, 1988: Xylazine - a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 11, 295-313.
14. 2- adrenergic receptor antagonists. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 195, 378-381.
15. Hernandez, F. I., 1992: Effect of xylazine on the retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the bladder and postvasectomy clearance of spermatozoa from electroejaculates of rams. Master of Science Thesis, Iowa State University, Ames, pp. 1-95.
16. Hernandez, F. I., M. P. Dooley, and M. H. Pineda, 1992: Effect of xylazine on retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of rams. In: 1992 Beef and Sheep Research Report, Iowa State University. ASL-R938, pp. 160-164.
17. Herslag, A., S. F. Schiff, and A. H. DeCherney, 1991: Retrograde ejaculation. Hum. Reprod. 6, 255-258.
18. Hib, J., 1976: Effects of autonomic drugs on epididymal contractions. Fertil. Steril. 27, 951-956.
19. Hirsch, I. H., J. Sedor, R. S. Jeyendran, and W. E. Staas, 1992: The relative distribution of viable sperm in the antegrade and retrograde portions of ejaculates obtained after electrostimulation. Fert. Steril. 57, 399-401.
20. Holtz, W., and R. H. Foote, 1972: Sperm production, output and urinary loss in the rabbit. Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 141, 958-962.
21. Hovell, G. J. R., G. M. Ardran, D. M. Essenhigh, and J. C. Smith, 1969: Radiological observations on electrically-induced ejaculation in the ram. J. Reprod. Fertil. 20, 383-388.
22. Johnson, L., 1982: A re-evaluation of daily sperm output of men. Fertil. Steril. 37, 811-816.
23. Khanna, O. P., D. Heber, and P. Gonick, 1975: Cholinergic and adrenergic neuroreceptors in urinary tract of female dogs. Evaluation of function with pharmacodynamics. Urology 5, 616-623.
24. Krause, D., C. H. Hahmann, and A. R. Günzel-Apel, 1989: Untersuchungen des ejakulationsverhaltens des hundes nach Verabreichung der α-bzw. β-sympathomimetika midodrin, norepinephrin und clenbuterol. Wien. Tierärztl. Monatsschr. 76, 42-47.
25. Lakomy, M., J. Kaleczyc, and K. Wasowicz, 1989: Adrenergic innervation of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra in pigs. Gegembaurs Morphol. Jahrb. 135, S347-355.
26. Larsen, R. E., 1986: Semen collection from the boar. In: Morrow, D. A. (ed.), Current Therapy in Theriogenology 2, pp. 969-972. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA.
27. Lino, B. F., A. W. H. Braden, and K. E. Turnbull, 1967: Fate of unejaculated spermatozoa. Nature 213, 594-595.
28. MacDonald, A., and J. C. McGrath, 1980: The distribution of adrenoreceptors and other drug receptors between the two ends of the rat vas deferens as revealed by selective agonist and antagonists. Br. J. Pharmacol. 71, 445-458.
29. Martin, P. A., M. P. Dooley, F. B. Hembrough, and M. H. Pineda, 1993: Urinary losses of spermatozoa during ejaculation are negligible in boars. Theriogenology 39, 945-964.
30. Martin, P. A., M. P. Dooley, F. B. Hembrough, and M. H. Pineda, 1994: Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of boars during collection of semen by electroejaculation. Theriogenology 41, 869-877.
31. McDonnell, S. M., and C. C. Love, 1991: Xylazine-induced ex copula ejaculation in stallions. Theriogenology 36, 73-76.
32. McKenna, K. E., 1988: Ejaculation. In: Knobil, E. and J. D. Neill (eds), Encyclopedia of Reproduction, pp. 1002-1008. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
33. O'Brien, D., 1988: Neurogenic disorders of micturition. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract. 18, 529-544.
34. Olar, T. T., R. P. Amann, and B. W. Pickett, 1983: Relationships among testicular size, daily production and output of spermatozoa, and extragonadal spermatozoal reserves of the dog. Biol. Reprod. 29, 1114-1120.
35. Pineda, M. H., and M. P. Dooley, 1991: Effect of method of seminal collection on the retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of rams. Am. J. Vet. Res. 52, 307-313.
36. Pineda, M. H., and M. P. Dooley, 1994: Yohimbine prevents the retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of dogs induced by xylazine. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 17, 169-174.
37. Pineda, M. H., M. P. Dooley, F. B. Hembrough, and W. H. Hsu, 1987: Retrograde flow of spermatozoa into the urinary bladder of rams. Am. J. Vet. Res. 48, 562-568.
38. Richter, K. P., and G. V. Ling, 1985: Effects of xylazine on the urethral pressure profile of healthy dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46, 1881-1886.
39. Rodger, J. C., and C. C. Pollitt, 1981: Radiographic examination of electroejaculation in marsupials. Biol. Reprod. 24, 1125-1134.
40. Schaffer, N. E., M. Cranfield, A. T. Fazleabas, and R. S. Jeyendran, 1989: Viable spermatozoa in the bladder after electroejaculation of lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus). J. Reprod. Fertil. 86, 767-770.
41. Schaffer, N., R. S. Jeyendran, and B. Beehler, 1991: Improved sperm collection from the lowland gorilla: recovery of sperm from bladder and urethra following electroejaculation. Am. J. Primatol. 24, 265-271.
42. Steel, R. G. D., and J. H. Torrie, 1960: Principles and Procedures of Statistics, pp. 99-131, 366-369. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
43. Swierstra, E. E., 1966: Structural composition of Shorthorn bull testes and daily spermatozoa production as determined by quantitative testicular histology. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 46, 107-119.
44. Swierstra, E. E., 1968: A comparison of spermatozoa production and spermatozoa output of Yorkshire and Lacombe boars. J. Reprod. Fertil. 17, 459-469.
45. Swierstra, E. E., 1970: The effect of low ambient temperatures on sperm production, epididymal sperm reserves, and semen characteristics of boars. Biol. Reprod. 2, 23-28.
46. Swierstra, E. E., 1971: Sperm production of boars as measured from epididymal sperm reserves and quantitative testicular histology. J. Reprod. Fert. 27, 91-99.
47. Trachte, G. J., 1987: Adrenergic receptors mediating prostaglandin production in the rabbit vas deferens. Prostaglandins 33, 25-35.
48. Wilhem, S. F., 1935: Observations on emptying of vasa deferentia and seminal vesicles. J. Urol. 34, 284-287.
49. Yavetz, H., L. Yogev, R. Hauser, J. B. Lessing, G. Paz, and Z. T. Homonnai, 1994: Retrograde ejaculation. Hum. Reprod. 9, 381-386.
50. Ye, G., and J. Xiyu, 1997: Action of autonomic drugs on the in vivo bladder base and proximal urethra in dogs. Chin. Med. J. 110, 173-176.