The Middle Asian element in the Southern Rocky Mountain Flora of the western United States: A critical biogeographical review

Journal of Biogeography

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 649-685

  Weber, William A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Altai; Arcto Tertiary Flora; Asa Gray; Bryophytes; Lichens; Nunatak theory; Oroboreal; Phanerogams; Phytogeography; Rocky Mountains; W. J. Hooker

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOGRAPHY; CENOZOIC; FLORA; PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY; PLEISTOCENE; TERTIARY; VEGETATION;

NORTH AMERICA; RUSSIAN FEDERATION;

BRYOPHYTES; TRACHEOPHYTA;

EID: 0038531186     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.00864.x     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Aares, E., Nurminiemi, P. & Brochmann, C. (2000) Incongruent phylogeographies in spite of similar morphology, ecology, and distribution: Phippsia algida and P. concinna (Poaceae) in the North Atlantic region. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 220, 241-261.
2. Abbott, R.J., Smith, L.C., Milne, R.I., Crawford, R.M.M., Wolff, K. & Balfour, J. (2000) Molecular analysis of plant migration and refugia in the Arctic. Science, 289, 1343-1345.
3. Ahrendt, L.W.A. (1961) Berberis and Mahonia. A taxonomic revision. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany, 57, 1-410.
4. Arnell, S. (1956) Moss flora of Fennoscandia, Vol. II. Hepaticae. Gleerup, Lund.
5. Axelrod, D.I. & Raven, P.H. (1985) Origins of the Cordilleran flora. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 21-47.
6. Bai, Z.L. (2002) Crossidium aberrans Holz. & Bartr. (Pottiaceae): a new record from Asia. Hikobia, 13, 637-640.
7. Bailey, D.K. (1970) Phytogeography and taxonomy of Pinus subsection Balfourianae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 57, 210-249.
8. Baker, H.G. (1965) Charles Darwin and the perennial flax. Huntia, 2, 141-161.
9. Barkworth, M.E. (1983) Ptilagrostis in North America and its relationship to other Stipeae (Poaceae). Systematic Botany, 8, 295-419.
10. Barneby, R.C. (1952) A revision of the North American species of Oxytropis DC. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 27, 177-312.
11. Barneby, R.C. (1964) Atlas of North American Astragalus. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 13, 2 volumes 1-1188.
12. Beaman, J.H. (1957) Systematics and evolution of Townsendia. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium, 183, 1-151.
13. Borissova, A. (1969) Conspectus Systematicus Fam. Crassulaceae DC. Florae URSS (addenda et corrigenda). Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium, 6, 112-121.
14. Bredkina, L.I. (1982) Lichenes montium Tien-Schan Centralis pro URSS novi. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium, 19, 128-130.
15. Busch, N. (1939) Cruciferae, in Flora USSR, Vol. 8, p. 15-653 (13-515 in English translation). Editio Academia Scientiarum URSS, Moscow, Leningrad.
16. Ceska, A. & Ceska, O. (1986) Notes on Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae) in the Far East: the identity of Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov. Taxon, 35, 95-100.
17. Churchill, S.P. (1987) Systematics and biogeography of Jaffueliobryum (Grimmiaceae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 45, 691-708.
18. Cockerell, T.D.A. (1927) The flora of Siberia. Torreya, 27, 98-103.
19. Constance, L. & Shan, R.H. (1948) The genus Osmorhiza (Umbelliferae). University of California Publications in Botany, 23, 111-156.
20. Crawford, D.J. (1974) A morphological and chemical study of Populus acuminata Rydberg. Brittonia, 26, 74-89.
21. Davidse, G. (ed) (1983) Biogeographical relationships between temperate eastern Asia and temperate eastern North America: the twenty-ninth annual systematics symposium. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 70, 421-575.
22. Dawson, M.R. (1990) Terrestrial vertebrates from the Tertiary of Canada's Arctic islands. Canada's missing dimension (ed. C. R. Harington) Vol. 1, pp. 91-104. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa
23. Drury, W.H., Jr & Rollins, R.C. (1952) The North American representatives of Smelowskia (Cruciferae). Rhodora, 54, 85-119.
24. Dupree, A.H. (1959) Asa Gray. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
25. Erdogan, V. & Mehlenbacher, S.A. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of Corylus species (Betulaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS region and chloroplast matK gene sequences. Systematic Botany, 25, 727-737.
26. Ewan, J.A. (1945) A synopsis of the North American species of Delphinium. University of Colorado Studies, series D, 2, 55-244.
27. Ewan, J.A. (1981) Biographical dictionary of Rocky Mountain naturalists. Junk, The Hague, Boston.
28. Fernald, M.L. (1925) Persistence of plants in unglaciated areas of boreal America. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 15, 237-342.
29. Fernald, M.L. (1929) Some relationships of the floras of the Northern Hemisphere. Proceedings of the International Congress of Plant Sciences, Ithaca, 2, 1487-1507.
30. Fernald, M.L. (1950) Gray's manual of botany, 8th edn. American Book Co., New York.
31. Flowers, S. (1952) Monograph of the genus Anacolia. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 79, 161-185.
32. Galloway, D.J. (1994) Biogeography and ancestry of lichens and other ascomycetes. Ascomycete systematics: problems and perspectives in the nineties (ed. D.L. Hawksworth), pp. 175-184. Plenum Press, New York.
33. Graham, A. (ed.) (1972) Floristics and paleofloristics of Asia and eastern North America. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
34. Graham, A. (1999) Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic history of North American vegetation. Oxford University Press.
35. Gray, A. (1840) [re Siebold, Flora Japonica]. American Journal of Science and Arts, 1, 175-176.
36. Gray, A. (1846) Analogy between the flora of Japan and that of the United States. American Journal of Science and Arts, 2, 135-136.
37. Gray, A. & Hooker, J.D. (1882) The vegetation of the Rocky Mountain Region and a comparison with that of other parts of the world. Bulletin of US Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (Hayden), 6, 1-77.
38. Grube, M. (2002) From phytogeography to phylogeography. International Lichenological Newsletter, 35, 58-60.
39. Hämet-Ahti, L. (1965) Notes on the vegetation zones of British Columbia, with special reference to the forests of Wells Gray Park, British Columbia. Annales Botanici Fennici, 2, 74-300.
40. Halenius, J.P. (1750) Plantae Rarae Camschatcenses. Thesis, University of Uppsala, Uppsala.
41. Hastings, R.I. (2002) Biogeography of Grimmia teretinervis (Bryopsida, Grimmiaceae) in North America. Bryologist, 105, 262-266.
42. Holm, T. (1923) The alpine vegetation of the alpine region of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. Memoirs of the National Academy of Science, 19, 1-45.
43. Holub, J. (1973) Anemonastrum (p.158), Bromopsis (pp. 158-159) in New Names in Phanerogamae 2. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, 8, 155-179.
44. Hong, W.S. (1983) The genus Gymnomitrium in North America west of the Hundredth Meridian. Lindbergia, 9, 169-177.
45. Hultén, E. (1927-30) Flora of Kamtchatka and adjacent islands. Kungliga Svenska vetenskaps-akademien.
46. Hultén, E. (1937) Outline of the history of Arctic and Boreal biota during the Quaternary period: their evolution during and after the glacial period as indicated by the equiformal progressive areas of present plant species. PhD Thesis, Bokförlags Aktiebolaget Thule, Stockholm.
47. Hultén, E. (1941-50) Flora of Alaska and Yukon, 10 volumes. Gleerup, Lund.
48. Hultén, E. (1958) The Amphi-Atlantic plants and their phytogeographical connections. Kungliga svenska vetenskapsakademien.
49. Hultén, E. (1962) The Circumpolar Plants. I. Vascular cryptogams, conifers, Monocotyledons. Kungliga svenska vetenskaps-akademien.
50. Hultén, E. (1968) Flora of Alaska and neighboring territories. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
51. Hultén, E. (1971) The circumpolar plants. II. Dicotyledons. Kungliga svenska vetenskaps-akademien.
52. Hultén, E. & Fries, M. (1986) Atlas of North European vascular plants north of the tropic of cancer. I-III. Koeltz.
53. Huxley, L. (1918) Life and letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, Vol. 2. Appleton, New York.
54. Ikonnikov, S. (1973) Notae de Caryophyllaceis, I. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium, 30, 136-142.
55. Iltis, H.H. (1965) The genus Gentianopsis (Gentianaceae); transfers and phytogeographic comments. Sida, 2, 134-136.
56. Iwatsuki, Z. & Steere, W.C. (1975) Notes on the Himalayan Splachnaceae. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 39, 345-361.
57. Joergensen, P.M. (1983) Distribution patterns of lichens in the Pacific regions. Australian Journal of Botany, Supplemental Ser., 10, 63-66.
58. Johnson, A.W. & Packer, J. (1967) Distribution, ecology, and cytology of the Ogotoruk Creek Flora and the history of Beringia. The Bering land bridge (ed. D.M. Hopkins). Stanford University Press.
59. Jones, G.N. (1940) A monograph of the genus Symphoricarpos. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 21, 201-252.
60. Kärnefelt, I. (1980) Lichens of western North America with disjunctions in Macaronesia and western Mediterranean region. Botaniska Notiser, 133, 569-577.
61. Kondo, K. (1999) Research of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, China. Journal of Japanese Botany, 74, 53-59.
62. Kruckeberg, A. (2002). Geology and plant life: the effects of land forms and rock types on plants. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
63. Kupchan, S.M., Zimmerman, J.H. & Afonso, A. (1961) The alkaloids and taxonomy of Veratrum. Lloydia, 24, 1-26.
64. Lechner-Pock, L. (1956) Eritrichum nanum und seine Verwandten. Phyton, 6, 98-206.
65. Lewinsky-Haapasaari, J. (1996) Orthotrichum holmenii, a new corticolous species from Kazakhstan, with comments on Orthotrichum hallii in Asia. The Bryologist, 99, 1-11.
66. Lipschitz, S. (1979) Genus Saussurea DC. (Asteraceae). 'Nauka', Sectio Leninopolitana, Leningrad.
67. Llimona, X. & Werner, R.G. (1975) Quelques lichens nouveaux ou interessants de la Sierra de Gata. Acta Phytotaxonomica Barcinonensia, 16, 1-32.
68. Löve, A. (1954) Cytotaxonomical remarks on some American species of circumpolar taxa. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 48, 211-232.
69. Löve, A. & Löve, D. (1967) Continental drift and the origin of the arctic-alpine flora. Revue Romaine de Biologie. Série botanique, 12, 163-169.
70. Löve, A. & Löve, D. (1974) Origin and evolution of the arctic and alpine floras. The arctic and alpine environment (eds. R.G. Barry and J.D. Ives). Methuen, London.
71. Lozina-Lozinskaya, A.S. (1939) Saxifragaceae. Flora USSR, 9, 134-215 (106-166 in English translation).
72. MacGinitie, H.D. (1953) Fossil plants of the Florissant beds, Colorado. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication, 599, 1-198.
73. Maguire, B. (1943) A monograph of the genus Arnica. Brittonia, 4, 386-510.
74. Matthews, J.V., Ovendon, L.E. & Fyles, J.G. (1990) Plant and insect fossils from the Late Tertiary Beaufort Formation on Prince Patrick Island, N.W.T. Canada's missing dimension, Vol. 1. (ed. C.R. Harington). Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa.
75. McClintock, E. & Epling, C. (1946) A revision of Teucrium in the New World, with observations on its variation, geographical distribution and history. Brittonia, 5, 491-510.
76. Meeuse, A.D.J. & Smit, A. (1971) A new combination in Krascheninnikovia (Chenopodiaceae). Taxon, 20, 644.
77. Mizushima, M. (1972) Taxonomic comparisons of vascular plants found in western North America and Japan. Floristics and paleofloristics of Asia and eastern North America. (ed. A. Graham). Elsevier, Amsterdam and New York.
78. Mummenhoff, K. & Zunk, K. (1991) Should Thlaspi (Brassicaceae) be split? Preliminary evidence from isoelectric focusing analysis of Rubisco. Taxon, 40, 427-434.
79. Munz, P.A. (1946) Aquilegia: the cultivated and wild columbines. Gentes Herbarum, 7, 1-150.
80. Nevski, S.A. (1937) Thalictrum. Flora USSR, 7, 509-528 (pp. 389-403 in English translation, 1970).
81. Nyholm, E. (1954) Moss Flora of Fennoscandia. II. Musci. Gleerup. Lund.
82. Ownbey, G. (1947) Monograph of the North American species of Corydalis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 34, 187-206.
83. Övstedal, D. O. & Smith, R.I.L. (2001) Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia: a guide to their identification and ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
84. Polhill, R.M. & Raven, P.H. (1981) Advances in legume systematics. Royal Botanical Garden, Kew.
85. Porsild, E. (1955) The Vascular plants of the Northwestern Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Canada Natural History Museum Bulletin, 135, 1-195.
86. Porsild, E. (1957). Illustrated Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Canada Natural History Museum Bulletin, 146, 1-155.
87. Porter, T.C. & Coulter, J.M. (1874) Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado. U. S. Geological and Geographical Surveys of the Territories, Miscellaneous Publication, 4, 1-180.
88. Praeger, R.L. (1921) An account of the genus Sedum as found in cultivation. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 46, 1-314.
89. Raymond, M. (1957) The identity of Eriophorum humile Turcz. Contributions from the Institute of Botany, University of Montreal, 70, 95-105.
90. Rollins, R.C. (1940) Studies in the genus Hedysarum in North America. Rhodora, 42, 217-239.
91. Rollins, R.S. (1982) A new species of the Asiatic genus Stroganowia (Cruciferae) from North America and its biogeographic implications. Systematic Botany, 7, 214-220.
92. Ronse Decraene, L.P. & Akeroyd, J.R. (1988) Generic limits in Polygonum and related genera (Polygonaceae) on the basis of floral characters. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 98, 321-371.
93. Samutina M. (1986) Revisio specierum sectionis Botryosambucus Spach genus Sambucus L. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium, 23, 160-177.
94. Sanders, R.W. (1987) Taxonomy of Agastache Section Brittonastrum (Lamiaceae-Nepeteae). Systematic Botany Monographs, 15, 1-92.
95. Savile, D.B.O. (1972) Arctic adaptations in plants. Canadian Department of Agriculture, Monograph No. 6, 1-81. Ottawa.
96. Savile, D.B.O. (1979) Fungi as aids in higher plant classification. Botanical Review, 45, 377-503.
97. Schofield, W.B. (1969) Phytogeography of northwestern North America: bryophytes and vascular plants. Madroño. 20, 155-207.
98. Stebbins, G.L. (1984) Polyploidy and the distribution of the arctic-alpine flora: new evidence and a new approach. Botanica Helvetica, 94, 1-13.
99. Steere, W.C. (1969) Asiatic elements in the bryophyte flora of western North America. The Bryologist, 72, 507-512.
100. Steere, W.C. (1974) The occurrence of Mnium spinosum in North America. II. The Bryologist, 77, 79-82.
101. Steere, W.C. (1978) The mosses of Arctic Alaska. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca, 14, 1-508.
102. Takhtajan, A. (1986) Floristic regions of the world. University of California Press, Berkeley.
103. Thell, A., Randlane, T., Kärnefelt, I., Gao, Xiang-Qun & Saag, A. (1995) The lichen genus Allocetraria (Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae). Flechten Follmann: contributions to lichenology in honour of Gerhard Follmann (ed. by F.J.A. Daniels, M. Schultz & Jörg Peine), pp. 353-370. Geobotanical and Phytotaxonomic Study Group, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
104. Thomson, J.W. (1995) The distribution of Arctic lichens, and thoughts concerning their origin. Lichenologist, 27, 411-416.
105. Timdal, E. (1986) [1987] A revision of Psora in North America. The Bryologist, 89, 253-275.
106. Timdal, E. (1990) Gypsoplacaceae and Gypsoplaca, a new family and genus of squamiform lichens. Bibliotheca Lichenologica, 38, 419-427.
107. Timdal, E. (1992) A monograph of the genus Toninia (Lecideaceae, Ascomycetes). Opera Botanica, 110, 1-137.
108. Tolmatchev, A.I. (1966) Progressive Erscheinungen und Konservatismus in der Entwicklung der arktische Flora. Acta Botanica Academia Scientiarum Hungaricae, 12, 175-198.
109. Tryon, R.M. (1955) Selaginella rupestris and its allies. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 42, 1-99.
110. Tsvelev, N.N. (1976) Zlaki SSSR (Grasses of the Soviet Union, English translation, 1983).
111. Turrill, W.B. (1953) Pioneer Plant Geography: The Phytogeographical Researches of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
112. Tutin, T.G. et al. (eds) (1964-80) Flora Europaea, 5 volumes.
113. Wagnon, H.K. (1952) A revision of the genus Bromus, section Bromopsis, of North America. Brittonia, 7, 415-480.
114. Weber, W.A. (1952) Phippsia algida in the United States. Rhodora, 54, 141-145.
115. Weber, W.A. (1959) Some features of the distribution of arctic relicts at their austral limits. Proceedings of the IX International Botanical Congress, 2, 425-426.
116. Weber, W.A. (1960) A second record for Oreas martiana, from Colorado. The Bryologist, 63, 241-244. (publ. January 1961).
117. Weber, W.A. (1965) Plant geography in the southern Rocky Mountains. The Quaternary of the United States (eds. H.E. Wright Jr and D.G. Frey), pp. 453-468. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
118. Weber, W.A. (1973) Guide to the Mosses of Colorado: keys and ecological notes based on field studies. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Occasional Papers, 6, 1-48.
119. Weber, W.A. (1997) King of Colorado Botany: Charles Christopher Parry, 1823-1890. University Press of Colorado, Niwot.
120. Weber, W.A. (2000) Leptopterigynandrum: field observations and relevance to family designation. Evansia, 17, 81-83.
121. Weber, W.A. & Wittmann, R. C. (1992) Catalog of the Colorado flora: a biodiversity baseline. University Press of Colorado, Niwot.
122. Yonekura, K. & Ohashi, K. (1997) New combinations of East Asian species of Polygonum s.l. Journal of Japanese Botany, 72, 154-161.
123. Yonekura, K. & Ohashi, K. (2001) Taxonomic studies of Bistorta (Polygonaceae) in the Himalayas and adjacent regions. Journal of Japanese Botany, 76, 344-353.
124. Yurtsev, B.A. (1963) On the floristic relations between steppes and prairies. Botaniska Notiser, 116, 396-408.
125. Yurtsev, B.A. & Karavaev, M.N. (1961) Oxytropis e Baicalia Bge. in steppis montanis Jakutiae boreali-orientalis. Byulleten Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytatelei prirody Otdel Biologicheskii, 66, 34-41.
126. Zander, R.H. & Ochyra, R. (2001) Didymodon tectorum and D. brachyphyllus in North America. The Bryologist, 104, 372-377.
127. Zander, R.H. & Weber, W.A. (1997) Didymodon anserinocapitatus (Musci: Pottiaceae) new to the New World. The Bryologist, 100, 237-238.
128. Zohary, M. & Heller, D. (1984) The genus Trifolium. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.